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HERODOTUS, from the best edition by Schweighaeuser ; to which are prefixed, 
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METHOD OF STUDY. 



The Course of Study to be pursued in the use of these Books is fully developed 
in the Preface to each volume : but the principal directions there detailed may 
be thus briefly presented at one view. 

1. Let the student of the Latin language commence with the Fables of 
Peledrus ; and by the aid of the Interlinear Translation and Notes, make him- 
self thoroughly master of the sense of each Fable in the single Latin text ; — so 
thoroughly, as to be able, not only to render the original, word for word, into 
English sentences, but also, when examined without the Book, to give the English 
for each Latin word, and again the Latin for each English, unassisted by the 
connexion of the story. 

2. Having acquired from Phaedrus a considerable number of common Latin 
words, without attempting their grammatical analysis, let him proceed, in exactly 
the same manner, with the First Book of Ovid's Metamorphoses, which will 
make a large addition to his vocabulary in words of less common use. The 
reading of this Book should be accompanied with the study of the Accidence, as 
given in the London Latin Grammar. Taking small portions at a time, as, for 
instance, the first declension of Nouns with the first lesson of Ovid, the student 
should remark what words in the lesson appear to correspond in form to any of 
those cases, — and so on, till the distinction of the Parts of Speech is clearly un- 
derstood, and the Tables of Declension are learned by heart. 

3. The regular inflections of the language being thus acquired from the 
examples in the Grammar, — let him take up the First Book of Virgil's iExEiD, 
and after construing the Latin text, as in Phaedrus and Ovid, according to the 
Interlinear Translation, — let him learn to analyse each sentence from the supple- 
mentary volume of Parsing Lessons ; which will enable him, not only to assign 
every word in each lesson to its proper part of speech, but to give a full descrip- 
tion of its peculiar modification, if inflected from its simple form. In this stage 
of his course he will derive great benefit from frequently altering the signs and 
forms of nouns and verbs in the Single English Version, so as to require the use 
of different cases, tenses, &c. of the same Latin word — an exercise which will 
give him complete power over the Inflections of the language. 

4. Let him now proceed with Cesar's Invasion of Britain ; and accompany 
each reading with a small portion of the Latin Syntax in the same manner as he 
accompanied Ovid with the Accidence of the Grammar. This will gradually ren- 
der him familiar with the Construction of the language. The style of the Com- 
mentaries is remarkably easy of construction, and therefore peculiarly adapted for 
this exercise ; which is further facilitated by the rules of Syntax, in the London 
Latin Grammar, being principally exemplified from this Part of Caesar, and the 



METHOD OF STUDY. 



Book of Virgil's JEneid already analysed. After finishing Caesar, he should recur 
to the Virgil, which he before used only as a praxis of inflection, and make himself 
master of the construction by the rules of Syntax, and also of the scanning of each 
line, by the rules of Prosody. 

5. In reading the Life of Agricola by Tacitus, he should endeavour to combine 
in each lesson the exercises of inflection and construction which hitherto he has 
taken separately; describing single words according to their several declensions, 
and compound phrases according to their several dependencies. 



In learning the Greek language, precisely the same method may be followed in 
the correspondent Parts of the Series. 

1. Lucian's Dialogues furnish a copious Vocabulary as the elementary volume. 

2. Anacreon's Odes present a variety of simple sentences, from which to dis- 
tinguish the Parts of Speech, as given in the London Greek Grammar. 

3. Homer's Iliad, accompanied by the supplementary volume of Parsing 
Lessons, involves a complete praxis in the Inflections of the language. 

4. Xenophon's Memorabilia give an introduction to Syntax, which will be 
further familiarized by recurring to the Iliad. 

5. Herodotus's Histories supply an interesting subject-matter, on which to 
practise in combination the various exercises separately performed in the previous 
volumes. 



After thus going through the Latin or Greek Series, the Student is strongly recom- 
mended to recur to the earlier volumes, in the same order as before, and to exercise 
the whole of his grammatical knowledge in each of those Parts, as well as in the 
last, using the Interlinear Translation as little as possible, and giving more atten- 
tion to the Notes than in his first reading. 

By the completion of this Elementary Course, he will not only be perfectly com- 
petent to enter on the reading of other Classic Authors, without the aid of a trans- 
lation, but will be prepared with a valuable store of words and phrases for Greek 
and Latin Composition . The practice of writing in each language according to 
these models, will ensure a critical acquaintance with their peculiar delicacies: 
and although, in commencing a new Author, the young learner must require some 
assistance from judicious commentators, yet, as far as the Language is concerned, 
he may rest assured he is already in possession of its leading properties and 
powers. 



THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS 

FROM 

THE TWO INTRODUCTORY PARTS OF PHjEDRUS AND LUCIAN, 

MAY SERVE AS 
SPECIMENS OF THE INTERLINEAR TRANSLATIONS 

OF THE 

LATIN AND GREEK SERIES. 



THE PILOT AND THE SAILORS. 

FROM Pn^DRUS. 



The thread of Life is of a mingled yarn — good and 
ill together. 



tempes- 
tem- 



Navis vexata saevis 

A-ship being-harassed by-fierce 

tatibus, inter lachrymas vectorum, et 
pests, amid the-tears of-passengers, and 

metum mortis, subito dies 

their fear of-death, suddenly the-day 

mutatur ad serenam faciem ; ccepit* 

is-changed to a-calm aspect; 

ferri tuta secundis 

to-be-carried safe with-favourable 



she-began 

flatibus, 
breezes 



que extollere 

and to-elate 



nautas 

the- sailors 



nimia 
with-too-much 



bilaritate. Turn Gubernator, f factus 
jollity. Then the-Pilot, having-been-niade 

sophus periclo: "Oportet gaudere 

wise by-danger, says : " It-is-meet to-rejoice 



parce, 

sparingly, 



et 
and 



queri 
to-complain 



sensim ; \. 
guardedly ; 



quia 



dolor 

grief 

totam vitam." 

the-whole o/-hfe." 



et gaudium miscet § 

and joy checkers 



* This verb is here so long delayed, that we 
might almost have desired the substantive in the 
form of an ablative absolute ; if the similarity of 
cases would not have created ambiguity. 

t Gubernator (navis), " the governor of a ship," 
is expressed by the single word "pilot."— The 
predicate sophus is a Grecism. 

t Sensim — The use of this adverb is rather sin- 
gular, though perhaps not so anomalous as it 
appears from its usual English representative 
" m-sensibly ; " it means here a cautious circum- 
spection, as of a person feeling his way. 

§ The singular verb is here very elegant, the 
two substantives constituting but one indivisible 
subject: — unless it be construed, by hypallage, 
" Life mingles grief and joy." 



FROM LUCIAN'S DREAM. 

Advantages offered by Education. 



Ae t)V Trei&n fioi, irpoirov ptv 

But if thou-be-persuaded by-me, first indeed 

eiri-8et|cw ffoi xoAAa epya iraXaiSiv 

I-will-display to-thee many works of-ancient 

avSpwv, cnro-ayyeXovo-a Kai Oavfiourras Trpa^eis 
men, reporting both admirable actions 

Kai Xoyovs avruiVy kcu airo-<paiuovcra (ws 
and words of-them and showing-^Aee, (so 

enreiv) ev-ireipov Travroov. Kcu Tt\v ^vxv v > 
to-say) experienced-in aXL-things. And the soul, 

oirep ecrrt Kvpuararou croi, Kara-Koafn]crco 
wtechpart is most-masterly to-thee, I-will-adorn 

iroXXdis Kai ayaBois* KOo~fX7]ixa<ri, aw- 

with-many and good ornaments, with- 

(ppoavvr), SiKaiocrvirp, eu-<re/3eia, 

temperance, with-justice, with-holiness, 

irpaoT-qn, emeiKeiq, trw-ecei.t 

with-gentleness, with-equity, with-prudence, 

Kaprepiq, rep epwri twv ko.- 

with-fortiude, with- [the] love of- [the] honorable 

Xau, tt) 6p/j.fj irpos ra o~t(xvo- 

things, with- [the] zeal towards the most-im- 

Tora. Tap ravra eanv ws- aXrjOwst 

portant things. For these are most-truly 

6 a-KrjpaTos Koafios rfjs rpvxys- 
the unblemished adornment of- the soul. 



* The phrase " many and good " is not in- 
tended to distinguish the ornaments from one 
another, as it might seem in English. The ex- 
pression is only equivalent to "many good orna- 
ments," and might be rendered with the con- 
junction,—" many and those good." The Greeks 
employ the particle between any two epithets. 

t 'Swecris (from awtevai, to comprehend' may 
here be translated by the general term Prudence, 
though in strict Aristotelian language, this term 
is rather synonymous with " penetration," or 
" intelligence." — All compound words are dis- 
solved above. 

t its aXrjdws—here corresponds to the Latin 
form quam verisshne, " as truly as possible ; " but 
Greek adverbs, as well as Latin, are generally 
used in the superlative, to convey this sense. 



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METHOD OF STUDY. 

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SPECIMEN— (Gen. Ch. I.) 

Be-reashith' bara'a a£16him' aeth ha'-shama'yim we-aeth 

(1) ln-the beginning 2 created 'God — - the-heavens and — 

ha-aa/retz. we-ha-aa/retz haygthah/ tholiu wa-vo'hu wg-'hoshe'k 
the~earth. (2) And-the-earth was without-form and- void and-darkness was 

oal-.penei thehowm we-rua'h aelohim' mera'he'pheth. oal..penei 

upon..M<?-face-of the-deej); and-tae-Spirit-of God wos-brooding upon..£Ae-face-of 

ha'-mayim. wa'-yo'amer aelohim' yelii* abwx wa-yehL.aowr'. 

the^waters. (3) And- 2 said 'God: Let-there-be light: and-JAere-was-light. 

wa'-yar'a aelohim' aeth.. ha-aowr' kh.TOwv' : wa'-yavdel' 

(4) And- 2 saw 'God — the-light th&t-it- was.. good : and- 2 divided 

aelohim' bein ha-aowi' u-vein' ha-'hoshe'k. wa'yiqra'a aelohim/ 
'God between the-light and-between the-darkness (5) And- 2 called 'God 

la-aowr' yowm we-la-'hoshe'k qa'raa la'yelah. wa-yehi..oerev 

[to-] tae-light day, and- [to-] ^e-darkness. he-called night. And- 2 was.. 'evening 

wa-yehi..vo'qer yowm ae'had. 

and-' 2 was..' morning 2 day 'fAe-first. 



English Version. Verse 1, heaven. 2, the Spirit of God moved. 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 
Introduction. 

Summary i 

Table of the Travels of Herodotus cxxxv 

Table of Commercial Products mentioned by Hero- 
dotus . ♦ cxlix 

Short Table of Chronological Events from B.C. 579 

to B.C. 408 clix 

Index i 



INTRODUCTION. 



1 o ascertain the moral and political condition of 
people whose national existence has long since 
ceased ; to investigate their physical and mental 
character; to approximate as near as possible to 
an historical commencement of our social sy- 
stems ; to trace their development, and to esti- 
mate the actual effect on our own happiness, of 
the actions and opinions of our predecessors,— this 
is the object of a rational and well directed study 
of the ancient monuments of Europe, Africa and 
Asia. The moral nature of man cannot be learned 
by considering him only as the member of some 
one political society, influenced by the opinions 
and habits which his geographical position as- 
signs to him ; a wider range of view will exhibit 
him in all the physical varieties of climate, and 
in all the accompanying diversities of character. 
But our observations, to be complete, must not 
be limited to the experience of a single life, and 
to one small portion of the general existence : the 
animal Man does not cease to exist, though indi- 
viduals in rapid succession make way for one an- 
other : there is a link which connects every single 
member of our species with the remotest proge- 
nitor of his race ; and the history of man consi- 
dered as a member of society, is a part of our own 
life. 

They are but few in number who are satisfied 
with the enjoyments and pursuits of the present. 
a2 



IV INTRODUCTION. 

It is true that the larger portion of mankind are 
so much occupied with providing for their imme- 
diate wants, that they can blend with the pains 
or the pleasures of the present, nothing beyond 
the anxieties of the future ; but those whose con- 
dition raises them above the necessities of the 
many, may add to the stock of general know- 
ledge, by preserving or reviving the remembrance 
of the past ; they may seek refuge from the an- 
noyances, the petty jealousies, and the unavoid- 
able collisions of daily life, in the calm contem- 
plation of another age. 

Every recorded well authenticated fact is a 
lesson of instruction to those who read and un- 
derstand. It has sometimes been doubted if the 
study of history, and particularly of that portion 
which is designated, somewhat carelessly, by the 
term Ancient History, produces any practical and 
beneficial effect. If it does not, the blame lies 
with those who handle materials of which they 
know not the nature or the use. 

It is not a sufficient objection to a patient and 
unprejudiced examination into the remotest ages 
of the world, to allege the uncertainty of all hi- 
story, and to insist on the various causes of error 
and deception. We may admit that much is 
false, that much is uncertain ; but we know also 
that a great deal is true : the origin of many po- 
litical movements with their details, the intrigues 
of a Persian harem, and the very existence of a 
Semiramis or a Sesostris may by some be consi- 
dered uncertain ; and they are not important. 



INTRODUCTION. V 

But such facts as a nation's existence, their 
religious and political code, their domestic arts, 
their public or private amusements, are often at- 
tested by evidence that will satisfy those who 
know what to believe, though the series of their 
kings should be as confused as the ruins of the 
buildings which they erected. Ignorance errs in 
two ways, both on the side of scepticism and cre- 
dulity ; real knowledge alone can teach us what 
we ought to believe. 

A mistake is sometimes made in considering 
history as it is exhibited in written documents 
only: but this is an imperfect view of the subject. 
Every exertion of man by which he has gained 
dominion over animate and inanimate nature, 
and every important moral or political change, 
is indicated by some visible and enduring sign, 
which is frequently overlooked only because it is 
familiar. The domestic animals whose services 
we use, the vegetables and fruits which we enjoy, 
our habits, our opinions, our knowledge and our 
misconceptions, are an inheritance that we have 
received ; and the history of the origin, the im- 
provement, or the deterioration of this property, 
is to be looked for in all that we see upon the 
earth. 

An ancient people of Africa erected temples 
and market-houses from the furthest waters of 
the Nile, as far as the fertile Delta of Egypt ; and 
their history and national existence are chiefly 
to be found in the imperishable monuments of 
religion, and commercial enterprise. The Ba- 



VI INTRODUCTION. 

bylonian of an age on the remotest verge of 
history attempted to raise a monument which 
should reach to heaven : his history, which is found 
in written documents, can be read also in the ex- 
isting memorials * of his labour. The ancient hi- 
story of a people is a comparison of all written 
records with one another, and with all we can 
now learn of the physical and local peculiarities 
of the country which they inhabited. 

The singular customs which Herodotus de- 
scribes, may excite occasionally a smile of doubt 
or contempt, or sometimes create a feeling of dis- 
gust f ; but to him who studies the nature of man 
as a social animal, such brief notices are the most 
valuable parts of history. When we can depend 
on the veracity of the narrator, we look with in- 
terest on every recorded social regulation of every 
age and country. We see the characters and 
habits which mark the different varieties of the 
human species, and we perceive the modifica- 
tions which difference in geographical position 
compel people of a common origin to receive. 
We find among the most distinguished nations 
of antiquity, codes of laws, and usages of society, 
to trace which to their origin is not so practicable 
or profitable, as to examine their operation and 
progress. We discover in them the unceasing 

* Compare Genesis, xi. 3, &c; Herod. Book I. chap. 181. 
and Heeren, Ideen iiber die politik &e. on the remains of 
Babylon, 4th edit. vol. i. part. 2. 

t See Book I. chaps. 196. 199. 216. as examples. 



INTRODUCTION. VU 

efforts that have been made to remedy the evils 
which spring up and develope themselves gradu- 
ally in every community ; and we see that all sy- 
stems contain in them something which necessa- 
rily produces change, and with change we gene- 
rally find decay. A breaking up of the political 
machine ensues ; some parts are lost, but most 
of them are indestructible, and they help to form 
another whole. 

The best combination would be that which 
would contain within itself the principle of change 
without the danger of dissolution. 

The study of ancient history has received with- 
in the present generation an impulse and a di- 
rection which will conduct to a useful end. In- 
stead of adopting from hastily written modern 
compilations the false notions and the erroneous 
conclusions of careless and superficial inquirers, 
we find ourselves guided to a patient and a pro- 
fitable study of the original authorities by the la- 
bours of zealous and enlightened critics. A new 
form has been given to the disjointed and dis- 
torted matter of antiquity, and a spirit is breathed 
into it that will not expire. 

The History of Herodotus is one of the most 
valuable relics of past ages, and a monument of 
persevering industry and strict veracity. His chro- 
nology may afford matter for dispute, and his 
oriental history may have only a partial value ; 
but on the mass of geographical and physical 
facts which he has collected, his reputation will 
for ever rest ; and with the increase of our know- 
ledge it will continually extend. 



Vlll INTRODUCTION. 

The countrymen of Herodotus did not always 
duly appreciate the merits of a traveller and anti- 
quarian, whose services rendered to the history of 
our species have perhaps not been exceeded by 
any subsequent inquirer. On one point his weak- 
ness occasionally shows itself, when he treats of 
the religious rites, the mysteries, and the deities 
of the nations that were known to him. 

We may consider him as writing the history 
of the human race*, as far as he could learn it 
by diligent investigation, by examining written 
documents, by collecting oral traditions, by com- 
paring the language, the religion, and the phy- 
sical character of people widely separated. Yet 
he does not, like Diodorusf and other compilers 
of general history, begin with the origin of things, 
with the separation of chaos into order, or the 
genealogies of the gods ; he begins his history 
not with the beginning, but at that point where 
his knowledge commenced. He makes us ac- 
quainted at once with facts that are curious and 
instructive, which border on the limits of genuine 
history. 

The great movement of an Asiatic people into 
Europe, their disgraceful defeats and their re- 
treat, are the primary subject of the epic history 

* It is difficult to assign precisely the reason why the hi- 
story of Carthage was not included in his book, since he 
had more than one opportunity of making such a digression, 
which would have been consistent with his general plan. 
See Book iii. 19; vii. 165. 

f See the third Memoir of Geinoz on Herodotus. Acad, 
des Inscrip. T. xxiii. 



INTRODUCTION. IX 

of Herodotus : but the rise and origin of the Per- 
sian power form a necessary introduction to the 
main events ; and with the conquests of the first 
Cyrus, and those of his successors, he found it 
easy to connect every thing that he could learn of 
the geographical position, the products, the na- 
tional stock, and the religious practices of every 
country of the then known world. 

The history of the wars of the Persians and 
the Hellenes, the main subject of his narrative # , 
is associated then with the history of the earth 
and the human race. 

More than twenty-two centuries ago the tra- 
veller of Halicarnassus endeavoured to collect 
the fragments of national monuments that were 
rapidly disappearing : he found them in the oral 
traditions of many people, in the remnants of 
races that were becoming extinct, as their period 
was drawing to a close, or as foreign intermixture 
was destroying their character ; he saw iEgypt 
in its decay and decrepitude ; and that which is 
antiquity to us, was not less so to him. The pro- 
gress of modern discoveries is throwing for us a 
light over that obscurity which he could not pe- 
netrate ; and we are now approximating to a view 
of important facts which were hid from his know- 
ledge. 

To give the student some clue to the varied 
and multifarious contents of the History of Hero- 
dotus, a brief summary of the principal facts ap- 

* See his Introduction to his History. 



X INTRODUCTION. 

peared to be necessary. When I first began to 
draw it up, I intended to comprise the whole in 
about forty pages, but I soon found that a just 
summary could not be comprised within such 
narrow limits. As it was done in haste, and in 
part finished before I fully perceived how useful 
it might be to a student, I feel conscious that its 
execution is less complete than it might be. 

Since it was impossible to comprehend all the 
facts without almost making a translation of the 
book, I have attempted to draw the student's at- 
tention to what I consider the most important ; — 
and as the mode in which a thing is expressed 
often leads to the just interpretation of it, I have 
endeavoured in some instances to make that in- 
telligible, which in Herodotas appears obscure. 

The most useful facts are, notices of commer- 
cial relations, of geographical positions, of ani- 
mal and other products, of religious opinions and 
rites, and the scattered fragments of the histories 
of nations. 

Want of knowledge and want of books of re- 
ference have left this incidental interpretation of 
Herodotus frequently incomplete. 

A few notes have been occasionally subjoined, 
when any thing in the Summary seemed to require 
them ; these notes might have been made much 
more numerous, but the difficulty was in knowing 
when to stop in giving explanations of this kind. 

The references to writers who may be compared 
with Herodotus, and to passages in Thucydides, 
Xenophon, Pausanias, &c, will be useful to those 



INTRODUCTION. XI 

who will take the trouble of making a compa- 
rison : among other things, they will point out to 
him down to what period Herodotus was labour- 
ing at, and adding to his great work. I have 
taken pains to ascertain that the references were 
correct, except in a few instances where I had 
not the books, and I was obliged to trust to the 
good faith of others. 

The Index has been altered from that in 
Schweighaeuser's edition, and many errors in the 
references have been corrected. Some unim- 
portant words have been omitted, but on the 
whole the Index has received additions, and it is 
hoped, improvements, by the insertion of Geo- 
graphical notices from Rennel, Larcher and 
Hennicke, and Botanical notices from Linnaeus 
and Sprengel. — This Index was drawn up by 
Mr. Henry Davis. 

G. LONG. 



University of London. 
May 1829. 



SUMMARY, &c. 

BOOK I. 

From the fabulous story of Icu to the death of 
KvpoQ the Persian, B.C. 529. 

Chap. 1 — 5. Compare this portion of mythic history, and the 
f&v0ot in 'HgoSoroj generally, with Atolagos ^ikiKiutyis. 
Book iv. 

Chap. 14 — 25. The kpyityiq of A^vkttyis at ILvtia. Compare 
Uoivaxpiecg. Book x. chap. 16; and generally compare 
TlocvaocvicAg. Book x. chap. 9 — 19. with the remarks of 
' Hgolorog on the treasures and works of art in the temple 
of the As?t@o/; and also 2t£o&/3«j/. Book ix. <&&)Ktg. — 
Tictvaex,uiccs and '2r^oc(iau may also be generally com- 
pared with 'H^oBotoj, when they treat of the same 
geographical position or work of art, &c. 

Chap. 30. 1(fhO)V. Compare the life of Idhuv by IThovrcc^os. 

Chap. 65. AvKov^yo?. Compare the life of AvKovgyos by IlAoy- 
Tct(>x,og, and the Aoocihonf^Quiuu TLokiritx of 3ivo<pav. 

Chap. 95—140. The Aaovotot, and the history of the Mvihot; 
compare Atola^og. Book ii. Compare Krwicci Jlegoixa 
(Lion's edition) with those parts of ' H^oSoto? which 
treat of Persian history : and also SiuoQau. Avufiounc 
and Kvqov Ucufatoe., for illustration of many Persian and 
Asiatic usages. 

Chap. 141 — 176. The Ionian, iEolian and Dorian states of 
Aaiviy and some of the older nations of this part of 
AaiYi. Compare 2r£fls/3<av. Books xiii. xiv. 

Chap. 178—200. BecfivTiau, the country around Bctfiv'hau, 
and Babylonian history. Compare Aioha^og. Book ii. 
2Tg«/3<yj<. Book xvi. Appiavoc Avoifi. Book vii. and 
the fragments of B^uaaog with that of MsyuafavYis 
(Cory's edition). 

1. HpoSoroQ of AXucapvriaaoc the author of 
this history — The origin of the OoivucecC 1 )* and 

(1) See 2rpa/3wv. Book xvi. on the islands Tvpos and 
Apados (perhaps the present Bahrein islands) in the IIcp- 
ctikos koXtcos. 

b 



ii SUMMARY OF [I. 2—24. 

their voyages ; the Persian account of Iw. 2 — 
5. The story of Eu/qwtttj and M»j§et?j: 'EXevrj and 
the capture of IXiov : the Phoenician account of 
lb). 6. KpoieoG, the Lydian, the first conqueror 
of the Io>veq, AioXeec, and Awpieei; of Aait] ; the 
course of the river AXvc 7. The dynasty of the 
'HpaicXeiSai precedes that of the MeppvaSai, to 
which KpoiffOQ belongs ; KavSavXrjc the last of 
the 'Hjoa/cXeiScu. 8 — 11. The story of KavSau- 
Xrjc and his wife. 12. Tvyno murders KavSav- 
XrjQ, and takes possession of his wife and king- 
dom ; ApyjXo^oc, the poet of UapoQ, contempo- 
rary with TvyriQ( l ). 13. 14. Tvyric supported 
by the oracle of the AeX<poi : his donations to the 
temple of the AeX^)oi ; the previous donation of 
Mi&jc the Phrygian ; TvyrjQ attacks MiX»jtoc and 
^fivpvrj, and takes the town of KoXo(j>u)v. 15. Ap- 
$vg his successor ; the invasion of A<wr} by the 
KifjLfiepioi, and the capture of 2a/oSiq, except, the 
aKporroXiQ. 16. SacWrTrjq; AXvarrr^c, fights 
against Kva^aprjQ and the MrjSot, drives the Kt/u- 
fxepioi from Atrirj, and takes ^jmvpvrj, a colony 
from Ko\o(j)u)v. 17 — 22. The wars of AXvarrr/c 
with the MiXrfGioi : the burning of the temple of 
AOrjvairj A<Jor\GiY) ; the disease of AXvarrrjc ; his 
message to the oracle of the AeX<£ot : UpoSoroc 
received his information from the AeXc^oi ; the 
advice of HepiavSpoc, the rvpavvoQ of KopivBoc 
to QpaavfiovXoQ of MiXijtoc : peace between Opa- 
avfiovXoQ and AXvarrriQ- 23. 24. Apiwv of Me- 

(1) See the note on this passage in Schweighaeuser's 
edition. 



I. 25—16.] HERODOTUS. iii 

Qvfjivri, the greatest KiOapipSoc of the age, contem- 
porary with UepiavSpoc, and the inventor of the 
SiOvpajufioG : Apiojv makes a professional and a 
profitable voyage to ^EiKeXirj and IraXit) ; his re- 
turn ; the story of the dolphin that saves his life ; 
the copper dolphin, surmounted by a man, at 
Taivapoc. 25. The present of AXvarr^c to the 
temple of the AeX<^)oi ; TXavKoc of ~Kioc & skilful 
worker in iron( J ). 26. 27. Kpoiaoc succeeds 
AXvarrric; he attacks the TLcpeaioi before the 
other EXXrjvec: Bictq of Upirivr}, and Uittclkoc 
of MitvAijvij his contemporaries. 28. The names 
of the nations of Aairj subjected by Kpoiaoc ; 
sixteen nations or national varieties between the 
AXvq and the Aiyaioc ttovtoq. 29. The ao(j)iarai 
of 'EXXac visit SajO^tc the flourishing capital of 
Kpoiaoc ; SoXwv of AOrivai, the legislator, 30 — 
33. visits Ap.aaic king of Aiyvirroc, and after- 
wards Kpoiaoc at his capital ^ap^ic, : the conver- 
sation of the Lydian king and the Athenian tra- 
veller on happiness. 34 — 45. Arvc one of the 
two sons of Kpoiaoc : the Phrygian ASpriaroc 
takes refuge with Kpoiaoc ; the purification of a 
murderer : the wild boar of Mvtrioc OvXv/uuroc ; 
the boar hunt and the death of Atuc by the hand 
of ASpriaroc : who kills himself. 46. The in- 
creasing power of the Tlejocrac ; and the fears of 
Kpoiaoc : various oracles in EvjOW7rn, Aairj, and 

(1) The koWtjgls of iron, which 'HpoZoros mentions, is 

probably the art of hammering it into any required shape, 

and uniting the separate parts of the metal : or the art of 

uniting parts by solder. See Ilavtravias, Book x. ch. 16. 

b 2 



iv SUMMARY OF [I. 47—60. 

Aifivri, consulted by Kpoiaoc 47 — 49. The an- 
swer of the oracle of the AeX<|>oi in Hexameter 
verses : the plan of KpoiaoQ for testing the vera- 
city of the Delphic oracle. 50. 51. The dona- 
tions of gold and silver to the temple of the AeX- 
<j)oi by K/ooitroq : the dr\(savpoc,, treasury or deposit 
place, of the KopivOioi : HjooSotoc had visited 
the AeX(j)oi ; the Oriaavpoc; of the KXa^o^tewoi : 
the Qeo(j)avia a festival of the Ae\(j)oi ; OeoSvpoQ 
of 2a^uoc a skilful workman in gold and silver. 
52 — 55. The donations of Kpoicroc to the oracle 
of Ap,(j)iapeit)G at Orjj3eu, which 'H/ooSoto*; saw : 
the advice of the two oracles to KpoieoG about 
the Persian war : TLvOoj the city of the Ae\(j)oi ; 
another oracular answer from UvOw in Hexameter 
verses. 56. The AaKedaipovioi, descended from 
the 'EXXrjveq, are the most distinguished of the 
Doric stock ; the AOrfvaioi, descended from the 
TleXaayoi, are the head of the Ionic family ; the 
various names and abodes of the Doric stock. 
57. The IleXao-yot probably did not speak the 
same language with the 'EXXijvec ; the ¥.pr\arw- 
vir\Tai and TXXaKirjvoi, who are of Pelasgic stock, 
have a language peculiar to themselves ; the At- 
tlkov eOvoQ, when it became Hellenic, adopted the 
Hellenic tongue. 5 8 . The 'EXXrjveq never changed 
their language ; received great accessions to their 
numbers by intermixture with other stocks. 
59. HeKTiarparoG the rvpavvoa of AQrivai con- 
temporary with Kpoiaoc; his history and his ac- 
quisition of the chief political power. 60. He is 
driven from ABttvai, and restored through a ma- 



I. 61—70.] HERODOTUS. v 

trimonial alliance and a strange kind of artifice. 
61 — 63. He is expelled a second time through a 
family quarrel and retires to ILperpiri : he collects 
a body of Argeian mercenaries, and other troops : 
he occupies MapaOwv and disperses the Athenian 
army after an exile of ten years, and again takes 
possession of the city. 64. His income from the 
mines of the ^rpvfitjjv ; the sons of some of his 
opponents sent to colonize Na£oq ; the grounds 
within sight of the temple of ArjAoc purified by 
taking up many dead bodies ( l ). 65.66. AvKovp- 
yoq( 2 ), being encouraged by the HvOirj, becomes 
the legislator of ^Traprrj ; the TL<popoi and yepovrec ; 
the honours paid to him after death : the defeat 
of the AaKeSaifiovioi by the Teyerirai ; 'Hpo<Woc 
at Teyei7. 67. 68. The AaKeSai/movioi consult the 
oracle of the Ae\(j)oi ; the AyaOoepyoi at ^waprri ; 
their number ; the nature of their office : the bones 
of OpecTTtia of a gigantic size found at Teyer) : a 
large part of the TieXoirovvriaoQ subjected by the 
AaKeSaifiovioi, aided by the bones of Opeart]Q. 
69. The alliance of Kpoiaoc and the AcuceScu/iovioi : 
the Lydian deputies at ^iraprr) ; the statue at 
Oopva% in AaKwviKt) adorned with gold procured 
from KpoiaoQ. 70. A curious Kpr\rr)p of copper 
sent by the AafceScu/iovioi to Kpoiaoc ; which is 
intercepted or sold on the road, and finally de- 

(1) Compare 0ovku&&?s. Book i. chap. 8. 

(2) See the life of Avicovpyos by HXovrapxps, the Aa/ce 
Scujjlovhov UoXtreia of Bevotyiov, and the incidental no- 
tices of the Lacedaemonian constitution in the HoXitikcl 
of ApiffToreXrjs. 



vi SUMMARY OF [I. 71—83. 

posited in the Hpaiov at 2a/uoq. 71. 72. K/ooi- 
(toc forms the design of overthrowing the empire 
of Kvpoc : the river ' AXvq the old boundary of the 
empire of the MrjSoi and the Av$oi ; its course ; 
the Ka7T7ra So/cat, who are east of the 'AXvq, called 
'Svpioi by the 'EXXijvec 73.74. Kpoiaoc, marches 
against Ka-mra^oKir} ; his wish to punish KvpoQ 
for dethroning Atrrimy^C ; the story of Kimf apr\Q 
and the ^KvOai : the ^KvOai fly for protection to 
AXvarrrjQ ; war between the MrjSoi and AvSoi ; 
^vevveaic, the Cilician and Aaj^vvtiroc of Bafiv- 
\u)v reconcile the kings of the AvSoi and the 
M?j£oi ; the armies had been alarmed by an eclipse 
of the sun foretold by OaXrjc of MiXrjroc, ; AXuaT- 
rrja gives to Aarvaync the son of Kvaf apr\c, t his 
daughter Apvr)vic lb. 76. Kpoiaoc, crosses the 
'AXug with the assistance of GaXrjc, and engages 
Kvpoc, at Urepiri, the position of which place is 
explained by reference to that of 2tvw7rr? on the 
Evfavoq ttovtoq. 77 — 80. Kpoiaoc, after an in- 
decisive battle retreats to *2ap$iQ ; he sends for 
aid to the Aiyvirrioi, Baj3uXamoi and Aa/ceSat/xo- 
vioi : strange omens frighten Kpoiaoc, ; the wise 
men, the TeXfirjaaeec, are consulted : the AvSot 
at this period noted for their courage ; their horse- 
men use long spears ; the obstinate battle between 
the AvSoi and the Uepaai in the great plain of 
2a/oSic ; the'YXXoc and other streams flow through 
the plain of SajoStc and join the 'TLp/moc,, which 
enters the sea near Quicairi ; camels in the army of 
Kvpoc 81 — 83. Kpoiaoc, being besieged : sends 
for aid to Aa/ceSa/yutuv ; the ^TrapTirjrai at w r ar with 



I. 84—93.] HERODOTUS. vii 

the Apyeioi, about the occupation of Qvpeai ; the 
country to the west as far as the MaXeeic be- 
longed to the Apyeioi, including the island KvOti- 
piri and the rest of the islands ; the combat of the 
300 AaKeSaijuovioi and the 300 Apyeioi ; the story 
of OQpvaSric : the ^LirapTivrai receive the news of 
the capture of Kpoiaoc, just as they are going to 
set sail. 84 — 88. The steep aKpoiroXic of %ap<$ic 
is scaled by a MapSoc avrjp and the rest of the 
army of Kvpoc follow : the dumb son of Kpoi- 
aoc speaks : Kvpoc places Kpoiaoc with seven- 
teen Lydian youths on a pile of wood, and sets 
fire to it ; this was perhaps intended as a sacrifice 
to some deity ; Kvpoc, relents, and orders the fire 
to be extinguished, which the Yiepaai are unable 
to do ; a heavy shower of rain falls at the prayer 
of Kpoiaoc, and quenches the fire : Kpoiaoc be- 
comes the adviser of Kvpoc 89 — 91. He re- 
commends Kvpoc, to take from his soldiers their 
plunder, on a religious pretext : Kpoiaoc re- 
proaches the oracle of the Ae\<poi for deceiving 
him : the UvOiri enters into a long explanation, and 
satisfies Kjooicroc (*). 92. 'HpoSoroc saw at Bt)(3ai 
in Boiwria, a golden rpnrovc, the gift of Kpoiaoc ; 
at E^ecoc, the golden cows, and at TIvOio, a 
golden shield, likewise donations from Kpoiaoc, ; he 
was informed that those at ~Bpayyj.$ai were equally 
valuable ; the cruelty of Kpoiaoc to the friend of 
his brother UavraXewv, whose mother was a yvvrj 
lac. 93. The particles of gold washed down from 

(1) Compare this oracular rjfiiovos (mule) with the 
Ueparjs fjfuovos (the Persian mule) in the fragment of 
MeyaoQeviis. Cory's edition. 



viii SUMMARY OF [I. 94—106. 

mount T/uwXoq ; the enormous sepulchral mound 
of AXvarrvQ which HpooVroq saw ; he ranks it 
next to the great works of AiyvirroQ and Ba- 
/3uXwv ; the means by which it was erected. 
94. The AvSoi the first people, as far as the 'EX- 
Xrjvec knew, who put a stamp on gold and silver ; 
famine, or excessive population, once drove a part 
of the Avdoi to a foreign land ; they settle among 
the O/ufipiKoi, and call themselves after their 
leader, Tvparivoi. 95. The empire of the Aeav- 
pioi. 96 — 100. The MijSoi ; Aqioicqc, being 
chosen king of the MrjSoi : builds Ayfiarava on 
a conical kind of hill ; the circuit of the outer 
wall of Ay(3arava compared by 'H/oocWoc with 
that of AOrjvai ; the political regulations of Ar^io- 
ktic, : his spies and informers. 101. The six dif- 
ferent tribes or castes of the MrjSoi. 102. <&pa- 
oprrjQ, the successor of At/iokjjc, conquers the 
TJepaai, but loses his life in an attack on the 
A(T<rvpioi of Nivoc 103 — 106. Kva^aprjc, the son 
of $>paoprr)c;, besieges No>oq, the capital of the 
Aaavpioi ; the route and distance from the Ai/hptj 
MairiTic to M?j§ik:»7 ; the road which the 2kv0<u 
take ; the 2/cu0ai attack Kva^apriQ during the 
siege of Nii>oc, rout his army : and occupy all 
A<nt) : the 2kv0ui advance as far as Ha\ai(rrivri 
^vpiri in their expedition against AiyvirroQ ; ^a/j.- 
/MTiyoG then king of Aiyi>7n-oc ; a few of the HicvOai 
plunder the ancient temple of Ovpavirj A(j>po^iTtj 
at Aaicaktov ( ] ) ; they are punished by a peculiar 

( 1 ) "RpoSoros speaks of a temple of this goddess in 
Kvirpos j and one in Kvdrjpa built by the Qoivikcs. See 
Uavcravias. Book iii. chap. 23. 



I. 107—125.] HERODOTUS. ix 

disease, which affects their children : the 2/cv0<u 
occupy Acnrj twenty-eight years ; they are mas- 
sacred or expelled ; Ntvoq taken by the M17S01 ; 
'HpoSoroci refers for the capture of Ntvoq to an- 
other history or a part of his history : the Baj3u- 
Xcjviri fxoipt} of the Assyrian empire not subdued. 
107 — 113. Acrrvay tiq succeeds his father Kva£- 
apt)Q ; his dream : he marries his daughter Mav- 
davii to Kapfivaric a Persian ; another dream of 
K<jTvayt)c, : description of the northern part of 
MtjSi/cij ; the birth, the intended exposure, and 
the preservation of Kvpoc the son of Mavdavrj^ 1 ). 
1 14 — 116. KvpoQ chosen king by his playmates, 
exhibits indications of aptitude for governing : is 
discovered by the king AarvayrjQ to be the son 
of MavSavri. 1 1 7 — 1 1 9 . The explanation of 'Ap- 
7rayoQ, whom the king had ordered to expose Kv- 
poc, : he is invited to a banquet by Aarvayrfc, 
where he is feasted on his own son. 120. 
121. Kvpoc, by the advice of the Mcryoi, is sent 
to his real parents who live among the Hepaai. 
122 — 124. He is joyfully received : the^tyranny 
of Aarvayr\c, ; the roads and passes are watched 
by the king's officers ; 'Apnayoc sends a letter to 
KvpoQy enclosed in the body of a hare, and urges 
him to dethrone AarvayrjQ. 125. The various 
tribes of the Uepaai : the UaaapyaSai, the noblest 
race, to which belongs the family of the Ayaifie- 
vi^ai ; some of the Ylepaai are Aporripec (agri- 

(1) 'HpoSoros remarks incidentally that oirat, in the 
language of the Mrfdoi is equivalent to the Hellenic word 
Kvwr. 



x SUMMARY OF [I. 1*6—140. 

culturists) ; others are No/mSec (pastoral tribes). 
126 — 129. Kvjooc is elected general of the Uep- 
aaij in a manner truly oriental: the MtjSoi de- 
feated, and AdTvayrjQ taken prisoner. 130. The 
empire of the MijSoi, after a duration of 128 
years, transferred to the Uepaai ; the revolt of 
the Mrjdoi in the reign of Aapeioc and their 
second subjugation ( x ). 131 — 138. The re- 
ligious opinions and ceremonies of the Tlepaai 
which 'HpoSoroQ knew from personal observation ; 
they build no temples; they worship the active 
powers of nature : their social habits : the distri- 
bution of political power among the nations of 
their empire : their facility in adopting foreign 
modes and customs : polygamy sanctioned by 
usage ; the education of the children ( 2 ) : rarity 
of capital punishment : the Xcn-pri (leprosy) and 
the XevKt) ; their respect to rivers. 139. H/oo- 
Boroc remarks that all names of persons among 
the Uepaai end with that letter which the Aw- 
pieeQ call 2ay, and the Icjvec; name 'Eiy/na ( 3 ). 
140. HpooWoq maintains the accuracy of his 
statements on certain points ; some peculiarities 
about the disposal of dead bodies among the Hep- 

( 1 ) This took place in the reign of Aapeios the father 
of the younger Kvpos. See Bevocp. 'EXXtjvik. Book i. 2. ] 9. 
'Hpodoros then must have lived at least till B. C. 408. See 
also Larcher's note. 

(2) Compare with this account of the Persian educa- 
tion by 'KpoSo-os, the 9th chapter of the 1st book of the 
Ava.j3a.ais ; and the 2nd chapter of the 1 st book of the 
Kvpov UaiSeia. 

(3) See the note in Schweighsuser's edition. 



I. Hl—148.] HERODOTUS. xi 

<rai ; the caste of the Mayoi contrasted with 
the ^Egyptian sacerdotal order. 141. The Io>vec, 
except those of MiXrjToc,, after the defeat of Kpoi- 
gqc, assemble at the Tlavuoviov and send to ^iraprrf 
for assistance. 142. 143. The twelve states of 
the ltiivea ; the four varieties of their language : 
the A&rjvaioi and other Iwvec, except those of 
Aairi, dislike the distinctive name of Itovec ; the 
national temple Uaviwviov, the place of assembly 
for the federal congress. 144. The six Dorian 
states united by a religious and political associa- 
tion ; their national temple is at Tpiomov ; \AAi- 
KapvriacTOG is excluded from the confederation for 
the irregular proceedings of a citizen of that town. 
145 — 148. The reason which 'HpoSoros assigns 
for there being twelve cities or states in luyvirj ; 
the names of the twelve states or cities of the 
Ayaioi ; the different tribes that joined the Iidveq 
in their emigration from the IIeAo7row»j<roc into 
Amy ; the <J>o>/ceec airo^aa^ioi ( 1 ) ; the Icjvcq from 
the Trpvravriiov of AOrivai took Carian women for 
their wives : their original form of government : 
certain religious rites characteristic of the Ionic 
stock of AOrivai : the Ylavibyviov situated on the 
promontory Mv/caXrj ; a district is marked out 
as federal property by dedicating it to nocei- 

(1) The <ba)Kees airodafff-uot were a part of the nation, 
chosen by lot and sent from home with their swords in 
their hands, to acquire that subsistence, which could not 
be had in their own country. Compare 'HpoB. Book i. 
chap. 94 3 and Aiowaios 'AXiicapy. Roman Antiquities, 
Book i. chap. 16. The whole of which chapter deserves an 
attentive perusal. 



xii SUMMARY OF [I. 149—167. 

oeow 'EXi/cwvioc ; Uaviwvia ; the philological re- 
mark of 'H/ooSotog. 149 — 150. The twelve 
states of the AioXeec : ^fxvpvt], one of them, was 
treacherously seized by some fugitives from Ko- 
^ocpwv. 151. The iEolian towns in ISr/; those 
in Aetrj3oc and TeveSoq. 152. 153. The Aa/ce- 
^atjuoviot refuse assistance to the Iwvec and Ato- 
Xeec : KvpoQ returns to Ayfiarava, taking Kpoiaoc 
with him ; Taj3aXoc a Persian is entrusted with 
2a/>Sic. 154 — 160. HaKrvric, a Lydian to whom 
Kvpoc had confided all the gold, induces the people 
to revolt : the advice of Kjooicfoc to Kvpoc : Ma- 
taprjQ a Mede is sent into Av^ltj : HaKrvric flies 
to Kvfxr\ ; the Kv/ulcllol are required by M.a£apriG to 
surrender him : the old oracle of the Bjoay^iSai (*) 
is consulted : this temple is in the territory of 
MiXtjtoc above port Ylavopfxoc : the meanness and 
duplicity of the oracle : UaKTvriQ flies to Xioc, and 
is given up to the Uepaai by the Xiot for a bribe. 
161. 162. The death of Malapric : 'Apirayoc; suc- 
ceeds him; his mode of taking cities. 163 — 
167. The voyages of the 3>wAcaieec to the A^pitjc, 
to Tvpariviri, Iflripir}, and TaprrftKroQ : their city is 
blockaded by 'Ap-rrayoc : they leave it and sail to 
Xiog : part of them return to Qwicaia : the rest 
determine to visit AXaXirj, a settlement made by 
them twenty years before in the island of Kvpvoa ; 

(1) In chap. 158. we find tovs Bpayx^as, which re- 
sembles AeX^ovs, and has the appearance of an Ethnic 
name. In chap. 92. of this book we may also observe ev 
BpayX l fy<n ryot Mikrjouov, from which we should be in- 
clined to suppose it to be the name of a place or city. — 
Compare (chap. 92.) ev Qrffiycri rrjcn Boiwrwy. 



I, 168—176.] HERODOTUS. xiii 

the <fr(*)Kaiee<; who settle at AXaAi»? turn pirates ; 
the Tvparjvioi and Kap^rj^ovioi join their navies 
to oppose them : the 4>wfcateeq lose many of their 
ships, and with the remainder sail to 'Pijyiov ; af- 
terwards they seize a city of Oivwrpiri, which in 
the time of 'H/oooWoc was called 'YeXrj. 168. The 
Tr\toi leave their city, and build Aj3o\//>a in O/oi/i/oj. 
169. 170. The rest of the ItjveQ are subdued: 
the congress at Tlaviuviov ; the proposition of 
Biaa to sail to 2ap$o> (Sardinia) ; the previous 
plan of QaXris for forming a more complete politi- 
cal union among the Iwvec C 1 ). 171 — 173. The 
origin of the Kapec and their history : their rela- 
tionship to the Mvcfoi and AvSoi indicated by some 
common religious rites and privileges ( 2 ) : the 
Kawioi ; their language related to the Carian 
tongue: the Avkioi, their origin and history; 
their present abode in Amr) was once possessed 
by the SoXt^uoi ; the privileges of their women. 
174. The Kapec submit to 'Apirayoc: the Cni- 
dian canal or channel across the Iofytoc ; the ad- 
vice of the UvOiri to the Kw&oi, and the good 
reasoning contained in her Iambic lines. 175. 
176. The UriSaaeeG, an inland tribe, submit to 
'ApirayoQ : the desperate resistance made by Sai/- 
Ooq a city of the Avkloi ; most of the present 
'BavOioi are of a foreign stock ; the resistance of 

(1) This plan, if we may judge from the brief state- 
ment of 'Hpodoros, contained the elements of a federal 
union. See Srpci/W. Book xiv. on the Lycian confede- 
ration. 

(2) See 2rpa/3wj/. Book xiv. on MvXaaa. 



xiv SUMMARY OF [I. 177—190. 

KawoQ. 177. 178. Kvpoc attacks the Aavvp ioi : 
Baj3uXwv the residence of the Assyrian kings after 
the destruction of Nivoc ; the extent of the city. 
179 — 183. The mode in which it was built, 
and the materials employed ; the Ic a small branch 
of the Ev(j)part}Q productive in a(T(j)a\TOQ : the 
Ev<j>parr}Q flows from the country of the A/o/uevioi 
through BafivXwv and enters the Erythraean sea : 
the city then consists of two parts ; the brick 
walls on each side of the river with gates of cop- 
per, that give access from the cross streets to the 
river : the temple of Zevc BrjXoc, which 'H/ooSo- 
toq saw ; the XaXSaioi the priests of the temple : 
the ZevQ BijXoc and the Zeuo 0>?j3aioc compared : 
the golden image of Zeuc, his golden table, seat, 
and steps ; a colossal golden statue of a man, which 
H/ooSotog did not see ; the XaXSaioi furnished 
him with his information about it. 184. 185. H- 
/ooSotoc refers to his Aaavpioi \oyoi for the history 
of the Babylonian kings ; *2e/j.ipapic, a queen, 
made the embankments on the river : Nirtu^ic, 
another queen of Baj3uXwv, changed the course 
of the river at ApSepiiaca ( x ), improved the em- 
bankments, and made a large basin near the river. 
186. 1 87. "Nirwicpic also built up with bricks the 
sides of the river at the city ; and built stone piers 
to support planks and to form a passage from one 
part of the city to the other : her tomb, examined 
by AapeioQ. 188 — 190. Aaj3wrrroc, the king 

( 1 ) This chapter is not very intelligible. See the dis- 
cussion of it in Heeren's " Ideen," &c. vol. ii. and also 
Larcher's note. 



I. 191—200.] HERODOTUS. xv 

of the Aoavpioi, resided in Baj3vXwi> ; Kvpoc; 
marches against him ; the Persian king's travel- 
ling establishment : the water of the Xoa<77njq is 
carried in silver vessels : the rW$qc is made ford- 
able by digging numerous channels on each side 
of the river : the sources of the Tvvdrjc, and its 
course; Baj3vXa>v is besieged. 191. KvpoQ di- 
verts the course of the 'Ev(j)parriQ ) and his army 
enters BafivXwv. 192. The great value of the 
country of the Baj3vXwvtot ; 'HpooVroq calls it 
also rj hoavpir) \d)pv ; under the Persian govern- 
ment it was a most valuable aarpairrilr\ ; a Per- 
sian aprafiri compared with an Attic fie^i/mvoQ ; 
the Indian hunting dogs maintained for the aa- 
rpairriG. 193. The mode of irrigation adopted 
in BafivXtovni : the numerous canals ; and the 
great navigable canal from the "Ev(f)parriQ to the 
Ttypici 1 ): the amazing fertility of the country 
surprises 'H/ooSotoc ; no vine, olive, or fig-tree 
grows there ; the palm-tree, its uses ; the male 
and female tree ; the artificial means of bringing 
the date to maturity ( 2 ). 194. Description of 
the Armenian boat that navigates the TLvtyparm ; 
the commerce between Apfievit) and Ba|3uXan>. 
195 — 200. The Babylonian dress; their seal- 
rings and walking-sticks : the institutes and cere- 

(1) Compare Eevcxpuv. Am/3, i. 7. 10. and Appear . 
Ava/3. Book vii. 7. 

(2) See Plin. Hist. Nat. Book xiii. 4. and Buffon. Con- 
tinuation by Brisseau Mirbel. vol. viii. on the palm-tree. 
'HpoSoTos in the last few words alludes to caprification. 
See Plin. Hist. Nat. Book xv. c. 19. and Walpole's Tra- 
vels, vol. i. p. 241. 



xvi SUMMARY OF [I. 201—213. 

monies of marriage : the BafivXwvioi have no re- 
gular physicians ; the substitute for them : some 
customs they have in common with the Aiyu7TTioi 
and ApafieQ : MvXirra the Assyrian A(j)po^irr} ; 
the peculiar rites attached to her temple ; a simi- 
lar custom in TLvirpoc, : three Babylonian irarpiai 
(castes) eat nothing but fish, of which they make 
a kind of bread ( J ), 201. The Maaaayerai live 
north of the Apafiic. 202. 203. The Apa&c 
compared with the larpoQ ; one of its branches 
flows through a level country into the Caspian 
sea ; the }Laairir\ QaXaacra has no communication 
with any other sea : the sea called ArXavriQ and 
that called JLpvOpt) have a communication with one 
another; the length and breadth of the Ka<T7riri ( 2 ) ; 
the numerous tribes of the KavKaaoc. 204. The 
position of the Macrcrayerai with respect to the 
Caspian. 205 — 207. Kvpoc proposes to the 
widow queen of the MaaaayeTai to become one 
of his wives ; her refusal, and the reasons of it : a 
message from To/xvpic the queen to the Persian 
conqueror : the advice of Kpoiaoc. 208. Kvpoc 
crosses the Apa^rjc. 209. 210. The dream of 
KvpoQ about AapeioQ the son of ty CaraaTrt]Q, 
211 — 213. A large part of the Maaaayerai 
slaughtered and captured by an artifice : the 
queen's indignation : her son who was made pri- 

( 1 ) Compare the description of the l\Qvo(payoi of Te- 
Sptixna and their food, in the IvSikcl of Appiavos and in 
ZTpafiwv. Book xv. 

(2) Srpa/3wv. Book XI. Supposes the Kaaririri 0a\a<T(ra. 
to communicate with the Northern Ocean j this was the 
opinion of some other ancient geographers also. 



II. 1—7.] HERODOTUS. xvii 

soner by Kvpoc; kills himself. 214. A great battle 
in which KvpoQ is killed ; out of many accounts 
of the death of Kvpoc, 'H^oooWoc chooses the most 
probable. 215. 216. The habits of the Moffffo- 
yerai resemble those of the ^KvBai ; gold and 
copper plentiful among them ; silver and iron not 
found in their country : they have their women 
in common ; the aged people are killed and eaten ; 
the MacFaayerai live a Nomadic life ; the Sun 
the object of their adoration. 



BOOK II. 

The description of JEgypt; its civil and religious 
institutions, antiquities, and history. 

Compare AtolaQos. Book i. 2Tgot/3fcj/. Book xvii. The iEgyp- 
tian dynasties of Metusdau, and the extracts from Mae- 
»s$av on the history of 2e&y<r/?, &c. (Cory's edition.) 

1. KafifivariQ the son of Kvpoc succeeds his 
father ; he meditates the conquest of Aiyvirroc. 
2. The Aiyvn-rioi inferior to the O/ovyec in an- 
tiquity ; the proof of this. 3. The sources of 
the information which 'H/oooWoc acquired about 
AiyvirroG ; indications of his superstition. 4. 5. 
The 12 months of the At*yv7TTioi and their year 
of 365 days; the Hellenic year; Mrjv the first 
king of AiyvTTTOQ, in whose time the country be- 
low the lake Mot/oic did not exist : the lower part 
of the country formed by the earth brought down 
by the river. 6. 7. The dimensions of AiyvTrroa 



xviii SUMMARY OF [IT. 8—19. 

on the sea coast: the( J ) comparative length of 
the araSiov, wapaaayyric, and ayoivoc, : the di- 
stance from the coast to HXiou7roXic, compared 
with that from AOrivai to ILca. 8.9. The nature 
of the country between HXiov7roXic and 0»j/3ai ; 
the distance of the two places : the distance from 
0j?j3ai to EXe</)avTiy»?. 10 — '12. The upper 
country between the mountains of Apafiir) and 
Aij3vrj supposed by 'HpoSoroc to have been a bay 
of the sea : the NeiXoc and A^eXwoq compared in 
their effects : this supposed bay compared with 
the ApafiioQ ko\7toq : the extent of the Apafiioc, 
koXttoq ; various reasons in support of his opi- 
nions, and of the lower country being formed by 
deposits of mud ; the soil of Ai/3v?j compared with 
that of the sea coast of Apaj3irj. 13. The conti- 
nuous increase and elevation of the part called 
the AeXra ; proof derived from a comparison of 
the height to which the waters rose in the time 
of 'HjooSotoc, with their elevation in the time 
of Moipic 14. The simple mode of cultivation 
in Aiyvirroc,. 15. 16. HpoSoroQ confutes the 
common notion of the lojvec, respecting the limits 
of AiyvirroQ ; 9*7j3eu once was called Aiyvirroa : 
the Iwvcq to be consistent should make the AeXra 
a fourth division of the world. 17. 18. 'H/ooSo- 
tog explains what may be properly called Ai- 
yvirroc, ; the seven outlets of the NetXoc and their 
names ; two of them artificial : the very sensible 
decision of the oracle of Ap.fj.wv about the limits 
of Aiyvirroc 1 9 . The overflowing of the NecXoc ; 

(1) Compare Eevotywv. Avaft. Book ii. 2. 5. 



II. 20—31.] HERODOTUS. xix 

the time of the periodical rising of the waters, the 
duration of the flood ( x ). 20 — 23. Three theories 
to account for the annual rise of the river men- 
tioned by 'H/ooSoroc but not with approbation : 
his reasonings and conclusions about southern 
Aifivrj, a country and climate of which he knew 
very little : he denies the existence of the Ho- 
meric river Q/ceavoc. 24. The theory of 'H/ooSo- 
Toq on the annual inundations of the NeiXoc : 

25. a more complete developement of it ( 2 ). 

26. 27. The larpoc, according to his theory, 
would under certain circumstances have periodi- 
cal risings like the NeiXoc : why no breezes rise 
from the surface of the river. 28. The strange 
story about the sources of the NeiXoc which 
HpoSoroG heard at 2aiq from the ypajuL/uLarKTrrja 
(steward and treasurer) of the property attached 
to the temple of AOrivair}. 29. 'HpoSoroc ascended 
the NeiXoq as far as EXe^avTiv?) ; his description, 
from hearsay, of its course from TLXeipavrivr) up 
to Me/oorj, the firirpoiroXic; (the parent state) of 
the AiBioirec; the island Tayofiipw. 30. 31. Ad- 
vancing further up the stream, the traveller would 
find the ^Egyptian AvrofioXoi ; their ^Egyptian 
name is Aap.ay^ ; the interpretation of this term : 
the cause of their deserting their king ^afifjuri- 
ypc, ; the garrison towns of ^afifxiriyoc, ; a similar 
system under the Persian government in the time 
of 'H/ooSotoc ; the course of the NeiXoc ( 3 ) un- 

(1) Compare Volney. Egypte. p. 43. 

(2) See Aio&up. SikcX. i. 41. The real cause of the 
periodical rise was known to AyaOapKi^s of Kvtfos. 

(3) From the time of 'HpoSoros to that of TJroXe/jicnos, 

c 2 



xx SUMMARY OF [II. 32—37. 

known beyond the country of the Avro(xo\oi; 
from ILXetyavTivri to the Aut o/uoXoi is a journey 
of about four months (112 days), following the 
course of the river ; in the country of the Avto- 
/uoXoi it flows from the west. 32. The informa- 
tion which 'HjooSotoc derived from some Kvprj- 
vaioi who had received it from the king of the 
A/uifjKovioi ; five young Nao-a/xwveq undertake an 
exploring expedition ; they cross the great Libyan 
desert, meet with black men, traverse extensive 
marshes, and see a large river flowing from west 
to east, with crocodiles in it. 33. 34. The Na- 
aapwvec; return with these discoveries : they re- 
port all the natives to be conjurers ( l ) : 'HpoSo- 
toq conjectures this river to be the NeiXoc; the 
larpoc, and 'NeiXoc compared with respect to their 
length, their courses, and the position of their 
outlets ; the situation of the KcXtoi and the city 
Tlvprivri ; larpiri a Milesian colony at the mouth 
of the Ict/ooc. 35. The physical peculiarities of 
Ai*yi;7rTo<; cause, or are accompanied by, many 
peculiarities in customs; several examples of 
these ; the cloth of Aiyvn-roQ is woven by the 
men. 36. 37. Other peculiar customs, religious 
and social ; the 'EXXrji/ec write from left to right ; 
they reckon with counters (ipri'(f)oi) the same way ; 

the Geographer, gradual and considerable additions had 
been made to the stock of knowledge respecting the Nei- 
\ns and its remoter streams. UroXefj.. Book iv. chap. 8. 
places the source of the main stream, the A<rra7rovs or 
White river, south of the equator. 

(1) The practice of charms, incantations, and such su- 
perstitious and deceiving rites, characterizes many tribes 
of negroes. 



II. 38—44.] HERODOTUS. xxi 

the Aiyvirrioi do just the reverse; they use two 
kinds of characters ; the sacred (Ipa) ; the de- 
motic or common (&7/ioTtK:a) (*) : circumcision 
practised in AiyvirroQ; the great care paid to 
their persons by the priests; the privileges and 
emoluments enjoyed by them ; their well provided, 
free-cost, table ( 2 ). 38. The mode of examining 
a bull before it can be sacrificed. 39. The cere- 
monies accompanying the slaughter of it : the 
head is not eaten, but either thrown into the 
river, or sold to the Hellenic merchants in the 
place. 40. The way in which a bull or ox is 
dressed on very great occasions. 41. The iEgyp- 
tian laic represented like the Hellenic Ia> ; the 
Aiyvn-rioi dislike the 'EAA^veq on account of their 
opposite rites and usages ; the interment of bul- 
locks and other animals at ArapfBriyjLQ in the 
island II|Ooaw7riTic. 42. The same deities not 
worshipped by all the Aiyu7rnoi ; I<riq and Occ/oic 
who is the same as Aiovvgog, alone receive uni- 
versal adoration ; the A/Jifxwvioi a compound of 
Aiyvn-Tioi and AiQioweQ ; their language also is 
mixed. 43. 44. 'HpaicXeriG one of the twelve 
ancient ^Egyptian deities ; the eight original 

(1) The sacred characters are said to be manifestly 
abbreviated forms of hieroglyphic characters : a specimen 
of enchorial or common characters is found on the Ro- 
setta stone in the British Museum. These also are per- 
haps remotely derived from the hieroglyphic. Some spe- 
cimens of hieroglyphic and other characters may be seen 
in the article "Egypt." Supp. Encyc. Brit. 

(2) The priests had lands attached to their temples : 
compare 'llpoS. Book ii. 28. and 168. See Genesis, 
chap, xlvii. 22. 



xxii SUMMARY OF [II. 45—52. 

deities ; the name of the Hellenic 'Hyoa/cXeijg de- 
rived from Aiyu7TTOC : 'HpocWoc visits TvpoQ of 
<&oivlky} to inquire about the Tyrian Hjoa/cXerjq ; 
the <TTT}\r} of gold ( l ) and the ary)Xr) of ap.apay^oc, 
in his temple at Tujooc : in Qaaoc, also 'H/ooSotoc 
finds a temple of 'Hpa/cXejjc built by the <I>oi- 
wfcec. 45. A story of the 'EXXrjvec respecting 
'HpaicXeriQ is confuted. 46. The Mev$r?<rioi con- 
sider Uav one of the eight original deities, who 
were prior to the twelve ; they venerate the goat ; 
the ^Egyptian representation of Uav like that of 
the 'EXXr/vec ; another indication of superstition 
in 'HjooSotoc ; the goat and Uav, are named 
Mevdria in the ^Egyptian language. 47. 48. The 
Atyu7TTiot detest the hog, and have no inter- 
course with the caste of hog-feeders, who are 
however of genuine ^Egyptian stock ; the festival 
of Aiovvgog, which resembles that of the 'EXXtj- 
vec ; the (jyaXXoQ. 49. MeXa/unrova introduced 
among the 'EXX^ec the name and the rites of 
AiovvaoQ ; he probably learnt them from Kafyioc 
50. The names of the Hellenic deities principally 
derived from Aijvtttog ; some from the TleXaayoi ; 
UoaeiSewv a deity of Libyan origin. 51. 52. The 
statues of 'Ejojutjc, and their peculiarities ; the 
AOrjvaioi and UeXavyoi once jointly occupied the 
same country, Attikt] ; the IleXaa-yoi of 2a/io- 
Opriiicri, and the opyia (mysterious rites) of the 
Kafieipoi ( 2 ) ; 'HpoSoroc was initiated into these 

(1) In the fragment of Mevavcpos a gold pillar in the 
temple of Zevs at Tvpus is mentioned. 

(2) The word occurs in a fragment of ZayxwyiaBwy. 
Cory's edit. 



II. 53—66.~\ HERODOTUS. xxiii 

mysteries by the 2a^o0jOi/i/cec : 'H/ooSotoc visited 
Ao)$b)vri ; the lie A atryoi originally had no names 
for the deities ; the meaning of the word OeoQ ; 
the antiquity of the oracle of AwSwvri. 53. 'Hcto- 
§og and 'O/mrjpoc preceded 'Hpodoroc about 400 
years, and formed the Hellenic Qeoyovia ; the 
other woirjTai, who are said to have preceded 
these two, HpoSoroQ considers posterior to them. 
54 — 57. The origin of the oracle of Ajujuwv in 
Aifivri, and of Zevc at Ao>S(i>j>j? : information ob- 
tained from the priests of G»jj3eu and the irpofxav- 
rtec at AwSwvrj : similarity between the oracular 
ceremonies in 0»jj3ai of Ai-yu7TToq, and in Aco^^. 
58 — 60. Public meetings and processions in Ai- 
yvKTOQ ; these public meetings numerous ; the 
city BovaipiQ is in the middle of the AcXtci ; a 
great annual celebration at BovfiaoriQ in honour 
of AprefMC : the men and women go to Bov/3a(XTiq 
in boats ; the great quantity of wine consumed, 
which was all imported ( J ). 61. The festival 
of Ictiq at Bovct/oic ; the Kapec in Aiyvirroc,. 
62. The feast of AQrivairi at Sa'i'c, called the Au^- 
voKair). 63. The festival of 'HXtoc at 'HXioviro- 
Xiq ; of Atjtw at Boutw ; of Apr)c at Tlairpr]fxiQ. 
64. The origin of the feast of Apr\c, ; the impurity 
of other people compared with the purer habits of 
the 'EAXijyec and Aiyu7rrioi. 65. 66. The su- 
perstition of 'HpoSoroG ; beast worship in Aiyu- 
7TToc ; the punishment for killing the iprfe or the 
Ij3iq : the aieXovpoG (perhaps the cat) ; the cere- 
monies practised on the death of a cat or a dog 
(1) See Book ii. 77. and Book in. 6. 



xxiv SUMMARY OF [II. 67—83. 

in a family. 67. The places of interment for the 
respective animals ; the bear (apKroc) and the 
wolf (Xv/coc) are mentioned (*)• 68 — 70. De- 
scription of the KpoKoSeiXoc : the meaning of the 
Ionic term k/ookooViXoc (lizard), and the ^Egyptian 
word %afi\fja ; some Aiyvirnoi eat the crocodile, 
others think him sacred : the mode of catching 
the crocodile. 7 1 . The 'lTnro7roTafxoc„ or river- 
horse^). 72. Sacred fishes ; the yr\vaX(i)7n{^. 

73. The description of the bird called the <j)owi% ; 
the pictures of the <f)oivi% ; its fabulous history. 

74. 75. The sacred serpents of 9»jj3ai: the winged 
serpents of Apafiiri. 76. Description of the bird 
called the ij3ic. 77. The habits of the Aiyvirnoi 
who inhabit the grain-growing part of Aiyvn-roc ; 
their general good health ; the climate ; their diet ; 
no vines in the country ; they use liquor made of 
barley or some grain. 78. The mode of exciting 
conviviality at their entertainments. 79. Their at- 
tachment to national usages ; the ^Egyptian song 
of Mavepwc; corresponds to the Hellenic Aivoc. 
80 — 83. Respect paid by youths to their seniors ; 
the ^Egyptian dress made of linen or perhaps cot- 
ton cloth, and called Kakaaipic, ; woollen cloths 
also worn, but not on all occasions : the 0/o<£i/ca, 
and Ba/c^i/ca; every month and day sacred to some 
divinity ; the observation and registering of unusual 
occurrences : various oracular temples ; that of 

(1) The wolf (Xvkos) mentioned in &evo<j>. Avafj. ii. 
2. 9. presents some difficulty : this wolf of 'Hpodoros is 
not much larger than a fox (a\w7r??£). 

(2) See Plinius. Nat. Hist. Book viii. 25. 26. on the 
Crocodile and Hippopotamus. 



II. 84—96.] HERODOTUS. xxv 

Ai?tw at Bovtw the most celebrated. 84. The 
division of labour in the medical profession. 85 
—88. The established demonstrations of sorrow 
when a death takes place in a family : three modes 
of embalming a body ; the mode fashionable among 
the rich : the seventy days during which the body 
lies in nitre ( x ) ; a second and more ceconomical 
style of embalming : a third mode usual among the 
poor. 89. Women of rank or beauty not deliver- 
ed up to the embalmer immediately after death. 
90. The honours paid to those who are killed by 
a crocodile or drowned in the river. 9 1 . The de- 
scription of the temple of Hepaevc, in the city of 
Xe/ijutc, which is in the vo/mos 0ijj3ai/coc. 92. The 
manners of the At*yv7TTiot who inhabit the marshes ; 
their simple food ; they eat the inner part of the 
top of the AwToq ( 2 ), and also the root ; the lower 
part of the j3u|3Xoc likewise is eaten. 93. The 
shoals of small fishes in the marshes and lakes 
near the river : the theory of 'HjooSotoc on the 
mode of their production. 94. The inhabitants 
of the marsh countries make oil from the seeds of 
the cnWacvwpiov ( 3 ). 95. They protect them- 
selves against the mosquitos during their sleep by 
throwing their fishing-nets over the bed. 96. De- 
scription of the boat called fiapic that navigates 
the NeiXoc ; it is made of the aicavOa, which re- 

(1) Genesis, chap. 1. 2, 3, &c. 

(2) This Xwros, which is an aquatic plant, must not be 
confounded with the Xwros of Kvprjvr] (see Book ii. chap.96, 
and Bookiii. chap. 177), which is a fruit-bearing tree. 

(3) which is found in 'EMas, and is probably the 
Palma Christi. 



xxvi SUMMARY OF [II. 97—105. 

sembles the Xwroc of Kvpr)vr\ ; the sails are made 
of the fivfiXoci 1 ). 97. 98. The appearance of 
the cities of the AeXTa during the inundation com- 
pared with that of the islands of the iEgean sea : 
AvOvXXa during the Persian domination furnished 
the Persian king's wife with shoes ( 2 ) or shoe 
money 99. 'HpotWoc mentions the sources of 
his information ; Mrjv, the first king of Aiyu7TToc ; 
he diverts the course of the river, which once 
flowed towards Aifivn ; his great embankment 
near Me^u^nc, which the Uepaai keep in repair ; 
he builds Me/i<£ic and the temple of 'H^xho-toc at 
MejuL(f)iQ. 100. The priests read to 'H/ooSoToq from 
a papyrus manuscript the names of 330 kings after 
Mrjv ; eighteen of these kings were Aidiowet; out 
of this large number there was one queen, a native 
Egyptian, her name Nitoj/c/oic. 101. Moipic the 
last of the 330 dug a great lake, and built the 
north TTpotrvXaia of the temple of 'HcJhikttog. 
102. 103. 2e(TO)(7T/otc, the great ^Egyptian con- 
queror, sails out of the Apafiioc koXttoc, and sub- 
dues nations dwelling on the shores of the Ery- 
thraean sea ; the columns erected by him : he 
passes through Aglv into Ev/owttij, and subdues the 
6p/iKec and 2kv0cu. 104. 105. 'H/ooSotoc vi- 
sited the country of the KoXyoi ; he believes the 
KoXyoi to be descended from a remnant of the army 
of 2eo-w(TT/3tq ; proofs derived, from the similarity 

(1) Plin. Nat. Hist. Book xiii. chap. 11, 12. gives a 
long account of the (Economic uses of the pvftXos or pa- 
pyrus. 

(2) Compare SevoQwv. Avo/3. i. 4. 9. 



H. 106—115.] HERODOTUS. xxvii 

in their physical appearance, from the practice of 
circumcision being common to both : from a com- 
parison of their languages, from the similarity in 
the fabric of the cotton or linen cloths which the 
'EAA^i/ec imported from both countries ; the linen 
of the KoX^ot is called ^apSoviKov by the EAAr/vec. 
106. 'HpoSoroG saw the columns of ILeauorpiQ in 
TlaXaiffrivri Su/tni? ; he mentions two ancient sculp- 
tures existing in luyvirj, supposed by him to repre- 
sent 'Eeawarpia. 1 7 . 1 8 . A conspiracy formed 
against Seo-wcrr/oiq on his return by his brother : 
*jLe<T(i)0TpiQ employs his prisoners in conveying the 
huge stones to the temple of 'Hc^aicrToc, and in 
digging canals. 109. He causes all the country 
to be divided into squares of an equal size, for the 
purpose of more convenient taxation ; the origin 
of geometry ; its introduction among the 'EAArjyec ; 
their obligations to the BafivXwvioi (* ). 110. 2e- 
abxjTpiQ the only ^Egyptian who ever ruled over 
AiOiOTTirt ; the colossal statues of himself, his wife, 
and his four children, placed in front of the temple 
of 'H^kmcttoc. 111. <$>ep(*)G the son of Seo-wo-T/occ ; 
his blindness, and the cure of it ; the two enor- 
mous o]3eAoi, each made of a single piece of stone, 
erected by <J>ep<t>c 112. UpwrevG of Me/uK^m 
his successor; contemporary with 'EAei/rj the 
daughter of Tvv^apecjQ ; the quarter of the Phoe- 
nician merchants in Me/u(j>iQ. 113 — 115. The 

(1) From the BaJDvXwvwi the 'EM^ves received the 
7ro\os and yviofiiav* The latter word doubtless refers to 
a sun-dial ; the former word, which is of less definite 
meaning, is by some supposed to indicate the determina- 
tion of a meridian line. 



xxviii SUMMARY OF [II. 116—126. 

./Egyptian story of 'EXei/ij and AXe^avSpos being 
driven to AcyvTrroo by unfavourable winds ; 'EXewj 
and her property detained by Upwrevc,. 116. 'H- 
poSoroc thinks that 'Opripoc was acquainted with 
this story ; he quotes the IXiac, and the OSixro-eirj 
to support his opinion. 117. The Kvn-pia eirea not 
the work of '0 W oc C 1 ). 1 18— 120. The Egyp- 
tian account of the capture of IXlov : and of the 
visit of MeveXewq to Ai-y vtttoq : the reasons which 
induce H/oooWoc to believe that 'EXew? never was 
at IXioy. 121. V ap.\piv it oc, succeeds TipuyrevQ ; 
he builds the western irpoirvXaia of the temple of 
*H(j)ai(TTOQ ; the two large statues, called Summer 
and Winter, that stood before the irpoirvXaia : his 
riches ; the strong treasury built to secure them ; 
the curious story of the architect's son and the 
king's daughter. 122. VafAipiviroc, descends into 
'Ai&jc and plays a game at dice with Arj^Trjp ; 
his return, and the festival of Arj/mriT-np instituted. 

123. 'H/oooWoc simply relates what he heard, and 
leaves to others to decide on the probability of 
these stories ; the Aiyvirrioi are the first people 
who believed the soul to be immortal ; the trans- 
migration does not commence till the body begins 
to decay ; the period of the transmigration is 3000 
years ; curious remark at the end of this chapter. 

124. The tyrannical reign of Xeo^ ; the road of 
five araSioi in length built of polished and sculp- 
tured stone; the great pyramid of Xeo^. 125. 
126. The mode in which the pyramid was 

(1) The Scholiast on IlivSapos, Neyu. x. 113. quotes 
some of the Kvnpia eirea. 



II. 127—136.] HERODOTUS. xxix 

erected ; the expense marked on the pyramid in 
./Egyptian characters : the daughter of Xeo*<// builds 
a small pyramid. 127. 128. Xecpprjv, the bro- 
ther and successor of Xeoi//, builds another pyra- 
mid : the Aiyvn-Tioi detest the two brothers, and 
call their pyramids by the name of a shepherd 
4>iAiTiw»>. 129. Mvicepivoc the son of Xeo^, a 
benevolent monarch ; his daughter dies ; her body 
is deposited in a wooden gilded cow, 130. 
131. which 'HpoSoroG saw at 2atc; the colossal 
figures in wood : their mutilated condition ac- 
counted for by 'HjooSoto*;. 132. Further descrip- 
tion of the gilded cow of Mvicepivoc;. 133. The 
oracle of Boutw predicts the death of Mvicepivoc; ; 
his schemes to prove the falsehood of the prophecy. 

134. He left behind him a small pyramid ; which 
some 'EAXrjyec ignorantly attribute to the courte- 
zan 'Pw^iomQ, who was contemporary with A/macric, ; 
Pw§a>7Tio a native of Qprincri; she and Aiaioiroc; o 
XoyonoioQ were fellow-slaves to a man of ^a/noQ. 

135. *P<u^w7rtc was carried to Aiy virroc, on specula- 
tion ; she was ransomed by a brother of the poetess 
((jlovgottoiog) 2a7r<£w ; her great gains in Aiyvwroc ; 
her present to the temple of the AeXcpoi ; the cour- 
tezans at Nav/CjoaTtc( 1 ) ; Xapa^oc, the brother of 
2a7r<|)w, and the ransomer of Pw8w7ric, bitterly at- 
tacked by his sister in a satirical poem. 136. Aav- 
^iq builds the eastern Trpoirvkaia of the temple of 

(1) Which was a sea-port, and much frequented by 
foreign merchants. Compare Strabo's account of the 
female slaves at Koptvdos, who were attached to the 
temple of A^po&rjj. Book viii. Koptvdos. and Pausanias* 
remarks on the females of Uarpat. Book vii. 21. 



xxx SUMMARY OF [II. 137—143. 

'H<pai<rTOQ ; embalmed bodies given and received as 
securities in business transactions ; Acrylic builds 
a brick pyramid ; the inscription on it. 1 3 7 — 

140. Avvoic, a blind king of Aiyvrrroc, ; the coun- 
try invaded by 2a/3a/cwq ( J ) and his AiOioirec ; 2a- 
fiaicwQ is king of Aijvtttoq : the description of the 
temple of Bouj3a<XTic, whom the 'EXArjuec call Ap- 
repis : 2aj3a/cwc frightened out of Aiyvirroc by 
a dream ; the blind king is restored to his king- 
dom ; the island EX/3o> ; A/mvpraioQ mentioned ( 2 ). 

141. *2eQti)v a priest of 'H^ataroc succeeds Avv- 
<jiQ ; he insults the warrior caste, and deprives 
them of their lands ; *2avayapi(5oG king of the 
Apafiioi and Aaavpioi advances against Ai-yv7rroc ; 
the priest collects an army of retail dealers and 
artizans, relying on the support of H(j)ai(TTor, ; 
the mice in the night gnaw to pieces the bow- 
strings, the quivers, and the shield-handles of the 
Aaavpioi, who retreat with great loss ( 3 ). 142. The 
Aiyv7rrioi and the Ipeec mentioned separately ; 
between Mr?i/ and the priest 2e0wv there were 341 
generations, which, reckoning three generations 
for every hundred years, are equivalent to 11,340 
years ( 4 ) ; during this period the sun rose twice 
in the west and set twice in the east. 143. 'Efca- 
Taioc o \oyoiroioc visited Or) fiat before 'HpoSoroc ; 

(1) 2a/3aKws is probably the So of Kings, Book ii. 
chap. 17. 

(2) See the note in Schweighaeuser's edit. ; and Gov- 
kvB. i. 13 0. 

(3) But see Kings, Book ii. chap. 19. 

(4) The computation of 'Hpodoros is not correct ; but 
the numbers in the text are probably inaccurate. 



II. 144—153.] HERODOTUS. xxxt 

the priests showed "HpoSoroQ 345 (*) wooden 
statues of high priests of 0»jj3ai ; Ylipu)p.K in the 
^Egyptian language equivalent to KaXoa KayaQoq, 
1 44. Gods governed Aiyvirroc, before the long line 
of kings ; Qpoc, the son of Oaipic the last of them ; 
Qpoc; corresponds to A7roXAwi> and Ompic, to Ato- 
vvctoq. 145. 146. The respective antiquity of 
'Hjoa/cXeijc, Aiovvgoq, and Uav, according to the 
'EXXjjvec and AiyvnTioi : the opinion of 'HpoSoroc, 
on this subject. 147. The sources of the know- 
ledge of 'HjooSotoc; Aiyvirroc; is divided, after 
the priest's death, into twelve parts, and governed 
by twelve kings ; they form a kind of alliance 
among one another. 148. 149. The twelve kings 
build a XafivpivQoQ near the lake MoipiQ ; 'Hpo- 
Sotoc astonished at its enormous size and gran- 
deur: the great temple (vijoq) at Ecpeaoc, and 
at 2o/uoc : the description of the XafivpivOoq : the 
description of the lake Moipic, ; the revenue which 
the kings of the Jlepaai received in the time of 
'HpoSoroQ from the fish of this lake. 150. The 
natives tell 'Hpodoroc, that this lake discharged 
part of its waters into the ^vpnc, r} ev Aij3v$ by a 
subterraneous communication: his discussion of 
this question ; the city Ntvoq on the banks of the 
TiypiQ. 151. ^afifxiriyoQ one of the twelve is 
banished into the marshes by the eleven kings, 
because an oracle had predestined him to be king 
of all AiyvjrTOG. 152. 153. The prior adventures 
of ^afifxiriyoQ ; bad weather drives some Ionian 

(1) Compare the number of generations mentioned in 
this chapter with the number in the preceding. 



xxxii SUMMARY OF [II. 154—161. 

and Carian pirates on the coast ; the banished 
king obtains their aid and becomes the sole mon- 
arch of Aiyvn-Toc : he builds the south Trpoirv- 
\aia of the temple of 'H^accrroc at Me^u^iq ; Attic 
is the "Ewac^oQ of the *EXX?ji/ec; his avXrj (apart- 
ment) built by ^afx^iiTiyoQ is surrounded by a 
portico which is supported by KoXoaaoi (statues) 
instead of pillars. 154. ^afxfxiriyoQ gives to the 
\wveQ and Kapec lands near BovfiacrriG; the origin 
of the caste of interpreters ; from the time of 
^a^jjunyoc the 'EXXrjvec possess more correct 
knowledge of ^Egyptian affairs, on account of 
their increasing commerce with Aiyvirroc,. 155. 
156. The oracle of Arirto in the city Bovtw; the 
sanctuary (vyioq) of the goddess made of a single 
piece of stone, except the roof, which is also a 
single stone. 156. 157. The lake near Bovtw, 
and the floating island Xe/^uic ; AioyyXoQ o Ev- 
(popiwvoQ mentioned ( x ) : ^a/uifiiTiyoc; takes A£wtoc 
a city of ^Evpirj after a long siege. 158. Ne/co>c 
his son attempts to form a water communication 
between the NeiX oc and the A/oa/3ioc koXitoq, the 
northern part of the Erythraean sea ; AapeioQ the 
Persian completed the canal. 159. Ne/cwq builds 
a fleet ; he conquers the ^vpioi at Ma-ySoXoc and 
takes KaoWic( 2 ). 160. ^TaufxiQ succeeds him; 
the HXetoi send a deputation to him from OXv/m- 
irir\. 161. Airpiric, the successor of ^a/i/tuc ; his 
expedition against 2ioW ; 'HpooVroc refers to his 

(1) Compare TLavoavtas, Book viii. 37. 

(2) Compare Kings, Book ii. chap. 23 5 and Chronicles, 
Book ii. chap. 35 — 36. 



II. 162—174.] HERODOTUS. xxxiii 

AifivKoi Xoyoc( 1 ); AwpiriQ makes an unsuccessful 
attack on the Kvprjvaioi. 162. 163. The Atyvw- 
rioi rebel and choose Afxamc for their king : A-rrpii^c, 
with numerous auxiliaries, Kapea and lujvec, meets 
the Aiyvimoi and their leader Afxaaic, at the city 
Mw/uefxtyic 164. The seven castes of Aiyvirroc; ; 
the priests, the soldiers, the shepherds or nomades, 
the hog-feeders, the petty merchants, the inter- 
preters, and the boatmen ; the two classes of the 
soldier caste : Aiy virroc, divided into vop.oi. 165. 
The 'E/OjUOTvj3iot, one of the two military classes ; 
their vojuoi and numbers. 166. The KaXaaipiec, 
the other class ; the vofxoi that belong to them ; 
the number of their body. 167. 'Hpo^oroc re- 
marks that most nations consider the profession of 
a soldier more honourable than any other; this 
was the case among the EAAr/yec, and particularly 
among the AajceSaijuovtoi ; mechanics more esteem- 
ed at KopivOoa. 168. The great privileges of the 
soldier caste ; they are the only landholders except 
the priests ; the value of the ^Egyptian apovpa. 
169 — 171. AirpiriQ loses the battle and his king- 
dom : the tomb of Airpir\Q and Afiaaic, at 2ai'c : 
the scruples of 'HpoSoroq: the daughters of Aa- 
vaoc, mentioned, with allusions to other things that 
he is afraid to mention. 172- -174. Afxamc, by 
a practical lesson reproves the Aiyvirrioi for de- 
spising his mean birth : his habits of business ; 
his relaxations and amusements ; his character 
before he ascended the throne ; his mode of esti- 
mating the merits of the various deities. 175. 
(1) See Book iv. chap. 159. 
d 



xxxiv SUMMARY OF [II. 175—182, 

176. He builds magnificent irpoTruXaia for the 
temple of Adr)vair\ at 2aic ; description of them ; 
he brings large blocks of stone from Me/n(j)ici and 
JL\e(pavTivri : he erects a /coXocrcroq at NLep.(j)iG 
seventy- five 7roSeclong; 'HpoBoroc saw it lying on 
the ground. 177. The great agricultural and 
commercial prosperity of Aiyvirroc, under Afxaaic ; 
SoXwv introduced one of his laws into A0r/^ai( 1 ). 
178. 179. The great privileges Afxaaic, grants to 
the 'EWrivec, ; he allows them to build temples 
and market-houses at ISavKpanc;; Hpodoroc men- 
tions the various Hellenic states that formed mer- 
cantile establishments at NavKparic : Nau/Cjoartq 
once the only port that foreigners were allowed to 
enter. 180. The Ae\(j)oi are bound to defray a 
fourth part of the expense of rebuilding the temple 
which had been burnt: they visit different places 
to solicit subscriptions; A/nacrtQ gives them a thou- 
sand raXavra of arvirrnpir) ( 2 ) ; the Hellenic mer- 
chants in AiyviTTOQ subscribe twenty fxveai. 181. 
A/uacric, marries an Hellenic woman, a native of 
Kvp-qvri ; her fortunes; 'HpoSoroc visited Kvprjvn. 
182. AfxaaiQ presents his portrait to Kvprjvt}; his 
donations to AivSoc and 2a/uoc ; he is the first con- 
queror of KvirpoQ, which island he renders tribu- 
tary. 

(1) Compare Book i. chap. 29. 30. — ZoXwv had given 
his laws to Adrjvcu before he visited Aiyvwros, unless we 
suppose him to have made two visits to Afxaais. 

(2) a-vTTTripiri, perhaps, alum. 



III. 1—11.] HERODOTUS. xxxv 

BOOK III. 

From the invasion of Aijvtttoq by Ka/ij3ucr»jc, 
B.C. 525, to the capture of Ba/3uXw»> by Aa- 
peioc, B.C. 516. 

With the first part of this Book compare the latter part of the 

First Book of Atoha(>o$ 2^gA., and 2Tgot/3<yw. Book xvii. 
Chap. 17 — 25. On the Atfaoves of AtjZvvi. Compare with these 

chapters Atohagos. Book iii., and Srgcipcou. Book xvii. 
Chap. 98—117. On the Ii/lot, on Ag«0/w, Atdtovtm, and their 

products. Compare Krvxriots. IvhtM — Aiolagos. Book ii. 

— 1r(iu(iav. Books xv. xvi. xvii. — Agptuuog. luhiKct. ed. 

Blancard. 

1 — 3. Kaju/3uff»jc determines to invade Aijvtt- 
toq ; Itoveo and AioXeec in his army ; the cause of 
the invasion : 'KapfivariQ the son of Kvpoc and 
Ka<jaav§avri : another account of the cause of the 
invasion. 4. $>avr)c, a man of % AXucapvnvaoc;, in 
the service of Ajuatric, leaves him and escapes to 
Ka^j3uo-i?q. 5. Description of the coast from <E>oi- 
viKtj to AiyvrrroQ ; KaoWiq a city nearly as large 
as 'EapSiG. 6. 7. Wine imported into Aiyvrrroc 
from all parts of 'EXXac and from <froiviicri in 
earthen jars ; the ceconomic use of these jars in 
the Syrian desert : K.afx^var\c makes a treaty with 
the Apaflioc. 8. The Arabian mode of making a 
contract ; Aiovvvoq they call OjOOTaX, and Ovpa- 
virj they name AXiXar. 9. The mode in which 
the ApafiioQ supplied Kafifivaric; with water in his 
march through the Syrian desert. 10. 11. A/ma- 
aic, dies, and is succeeded by his son ^afi/mrjviroQ ; 
rain at Oi?j3<u in Aiyv7proq : the 'EXXijyec and 
Kapec, in the ^Egyptian service sacrifice the sons 
d 2 



xxxvi SUMMARY OF [III. 12—24. 

of Oai'ijc in front of the army ; the Tlepaai gain 
the victory. 12. 'HjooSotoc visits the field of 
battle ; his remarks on the Persian and ^Egyptian 
skulls ; allusion to the defeat of Ayaipevric, by 
Ivapu)Q o Ai(5vq( 1 ). 13 — 15. The AiyvTrrioi after 
the battle shut themselves up in Mep(j)iQ; the 
Ai(5v€Q bordering on Aiyv7rroa sent presents to 
KapflvarjQ ; presents also from the USapicaioi and 
Kvprjvaioi : the treatment of ^apprjviroc, after 
the capture of M e^ic ; Kpoiaoc in the army of 
Kapfivor\c, : the general humane treatment of con- 
quered kings by the liepaai ; the death of ^ap- 
prfuiTOQ by drinking bull's blood. 1 6. Kapfivcrrjc, 
visits 2aic, and insults the corpse of Apaaic, ; the 
Persian and ^Egyptian notions about fire. 17. 
18. KapfivariG meditates an expedition against the 
Kapyrj^ovwi, Appwvioi, and Ai0iO7rec MaKpofiioi : 
the table of the sun in ASiomri. 19. The <$oi- 
viKec; refuse to sail against the Kap^rj^ovioi their 
relations. 20. 21. KapfivcriQ sends as ambassa- 
dors and spies into AidioTW), some IyOvo<payoi of 
R\e(j)avTivri who understand the ^Ethiopian lan- 
guage : their interview with the king. 22 — 
24. The king's remarks on the presents of Kap- 
f5var\c : the longevity of the ASioirec, ; a curious 
spring of water ; gold abundant among them ; 
copper very scarce : their mode of interment ; the 
body after it is prepared is placed in a hollow co- 
lumn of ve\oc( 2 ) (crystal or some other transparent 

(1) See Sovkvoi^s. Book i. chap. 104 3 and 'UpoS. 
Book vii. chap. 7. 

(2) The word veXos is supposed by some critics to sig- 
nify glass. This of course would not prove that the Ai- 



III. 25—38.] HERODOTUS. xxxvli 

substance) which is dug out of the earth. 25 . Kaju- 
fivGtw marches southwards from G»/j3ai, and enters 
the Nubian desert; the horrible famine in the 
army ; the retreat to Qrifiai and Mefx(j)iQ ; the 
'EAAijvec are allowed to sail home. 26. A de- 
tachment of the Persian army sent from 9r?j3cu to 
plunder the temple and the commercial depot of 
the Afxfxwvioi ; the city Oacnc, occupied by some 
2cty«oi ; the Persian army overwhelmed by the 
moving sands of the desert. 27 — 29. The feast 
of A7ric ; Kafifivanc puts to death the magistrates 
of Me/bKpic, : the description of the bullock Attic; : 
KajufivariG stabs the god Attic ; his death and 
burial. 30. Ka/u(5v<nja being alarmed by a dream 
sends Uprj^ aaivnc, to 2ou<xa to put his brother ^/mep- 
£cq to death. 31 — 33. Ka/ufivariG consults the 
Persian judges on a difficult point ; their cautious 
answer ; he marries two of his sisters : the younger 
sister he puts to death in AiyviTTOQ : Ka/ufivariG 
supposed to be mad. 34. 35. UprfeaamqG being 
questioned by Ka^varjc honestly gives the king 
his opinion of his character ; the cunning remark 
of Kpoiaoc : KafifivariG displays his skill in archery 
in a savage manner. 36. Kpoiaoc presumes to 
give the king advice ; the danger of giving advice 
to Ka/xj3ua?]c. 37. The Persian king ransacks the 
tombs of Meficpic, and examines the mummies ; 
the Phoenician Haraiicoi, used to ornament the 
heads of their ships ; Ka/ij3ucrr?c burns the wooden 
statues in the temple of the Kafieipoi. 38. 'H/qo- 

Oio-nres were acquainted with the mode of manufacturing 
this substance. 



xxxviii SUMMARY OF [III. 39—53. 

cWoc is convinced that Kapfivarjc was mad ; all 
nations think their own usages the best ; TlivSapoc 
quoted. 3 9 . The Lacedaemonian expedition against 
TIoXvKpaTric, of 2a,uoc ; his navy, and his robberies ; 
the captured Aeafiioi dig the ditch around the cita- 
del in 'SapoQ. 40 — 43. The friendship of IIoAv- 
Kparr}c, and A/uaaic ; the letter of the ^Egyptian 
to the Samian king : QeoSiopoc of 'Ea/moc skilled 
in setting precious stones in gold ; the seal-ring 
of UoXvKparrtQ : the story of the king, the fish, 
and the fisherman : Atactic by letter renounces all 
acquaintance with UoXvKparrjc 44 — 47. ITo- 
\vKparr)Q sends his dissatisfied subjects to join 
the expedition of Ka/mf^varjQ against Ai-yvirroc, : 
they return and attack YloXvKparnc '- they retreat 
from ^afjLoc, ; and ask for aid from ^iraprr) ; which 
they obtain ; the Kprjrrjp, and the curious Ocopri^ 
made of linen and cotton thread ( T ). 48. The Ko- 
pivOioi join the expedition against 2a/*oc ; an old 
grudge against the Ha/mioi ; the origin of it. 
49. The KopivOioi always at enmity with their 
colony of KepKvpa ; TLepiavSpoc, contemporary with 
AXvarrriQ sends him 300 Corcyrsean boys to con- 
vert into eunuchs. 50 — 53. HepiavSpoa kills his 
wife : his son hates him : he persecutes his son ; 
and banishes him to KepKvpa, which HepiavSpoc 
then possessed : the father, when old, proposes to 
reside at KepKvpa and to give KopivOoc to his son ; 
the Kepicvpaioi kill the son, to prevent this visita- 
tion ; this was the cause of the boys being seized 

(1) Perhaps this interpretation of eipia arro %v\ov may 
not be correct; but compare Book iii, 106. 



III. 54—70.] HERODOTUS. xxxix 

for eunuchs. 54. 55. The AaK€§aip.ovioi blockade 
the town of Hja/uioc, : the valour of Ap-^irjc; and Av- 
Kio7rr}C, ; HpoSoroc acquainted with the grandson 
of ApxtrjQ. 56. The AafceSaifiovtoi return without 
taking ^Eafioc ; this was their first expedition into 
Acrir/. 57. 58. The fugitive ^a^ioi visit 'Eitpvoc; 
the gold and silver mines of *2i<pvoc, ; the large 
deposit of the 2t^)viot at the temple of the AeA<^>oi; 
their marble public buildings : the Ha/mot plunder 
the ^icftvioi. 59. Adventures of these Samian fugi- 
tives ; their buildings in KvSomrj of Kprjrt] existed 
in the time of 'HjooSotoc. 60. The great public 
works of ^afioa ; the city supplied with water from 
a spring by the skill of "EvrraXivoQ of Meyapa ; the 
improvement of the port ; the large temple begun 
by 'Potfcoc a native architect. 61. Two Mayoi 
seize on the supreme power while KajufivcrriG is in 
Aeyu7TToc; one of them, who resembles ^fxepdic, and 
happens to have the same name, is proclaimed king. 
62. 63. The message of the false It/LiepSic to Ka/u- 
j3v(tt}q : the messenger is questioned and the true 
state of the case ascertained. 64. 65. Ka/mfivcniG 
is accidentally wounded at Ay f3arava in ^Evpiri : 
his last words and death. 66. The Ylepcrai believe 
that the pretended is the real 2/iejOoV, the brother 
of Kap.(3v(rrjG. 67. The Mayoc acts in a politic 
manner ; he reduces the taxes ; the people love 
his government. 68. 69. The Mayoc takes pos- 
session of the harem of Kapfivaric,; Otclvyiq, a Per- 
sian of rank, detects him by means of his daugh- 
ter, one of the royal concubines, and his want of 
ears; KafifivaiiG had cut them off. 70. Oravrjc 
forms a conspiracy with six Persian associates. 



xl SUMMARY OF [III. 71—89. 

71 — 73. The conspirators discuss the matter; 
the opinion of Aapeioc the son of Xaraair^c, : the 
remark of Qravric : Tu)j3pvr}Q approves of the plan 
of Aapeioc, and expresses his indignation at being 
governed by a MrjSoc, who was a Mayoc, and had 
lost his ears ; the proposal of Aapeioc adopted. 
74. 75. The Mayoi wish Ilp^aawrjc to assure 
the Tlepvai that S^uepSic is the brother of Ka/ufiv- 
ar)c : he mounts a tower to make this proclamation, 
but instead of doing it he exposes the Mayoi, and 
throws himself down. 76 — 78. The conspirators 
determine to act immediately : they force their way 
into the palace : the bold resistance of the Mayoi ; 
their death. 79. A general massacre of the Ma- 
yoi ; the origin of the festival called Ma-yo<jf)ovia. 
80 — 83. The advantages of different forms of 
government discussed ; Oravrjc recommends an 
equal distribution of political power : Meyaj3v£oc 
prefers an oXiyap^irj, composed of the apiaroi : 
the arguments of Aapeioc in favour of a iiovvapyjir) : 
the jxovvapyjir) is carried by a majority. 84. Ora- 
vr)c who had declined becoming a candidate for 
the throne, has certain privileges and emoluments 
secured to his family ; the political contract among 
the six ; the mode of electing the new king. 85 — 

87. The dexterous management of Oifiaprjc, the 
groom of Aapeioc : Aapeioc acknowledged king : 
another account of the management of Oij3ap»/c. 

88. The four wives of Aapeioc; the equestrian 
statue in honour of Oij3ap>7C and the horse ( [ ) ; the 
inscription on it. 89. Aapeioc divides his empire 

(1) The words may probably rather signify a work in 
relief. 



HI. 90—105.] HERODOTUS. xli 

into twenty aarpanriiai, and establishes a regular 
taxation; the weight of a Babylonian compared 
with that of a Euboic rakavrov. 90. Four divi- 
sions, or crarpairri'tai, containing several nations of 
the Hellenic stock; their annual taxes. 91. Four 
divisions, in which Aiyvirroc is included ; and 
their annual contributions. 92. Four more aarpa- 
7rr{iai, in which Baj3uXwv is included. 93. Four 
divisions ; the fourteenth contains the avaairaoroi, 
the transplanted or transported people ( l ) . 94. Four 
divisions ; the twentieth contains the IvSoi. 95. 

96. 'HpooWoc computes the annual amount of the 
taxation : further increase of the revenue ; the 
king's mode of keeping the precious metals. 

97. Uepmc free from taxation; an enumeration 
of those who bring presents. 98. ( 2 ) The IvSoi ; 
many tribes of them ; they speak various lan- 
guages ; some IvSoi make clothing from an aquatic 
plant. 99 — 101. The IvSoi UaSaioi are vojuaSec; 
their strange usages : other IvSot who abstain from 
all animal food, and live on the spontaneous vege- 
table products ; all these IvSoi are black, and are 
compared with the Ai0io7req; they are not subject 
to Acijoeioc ; they may be called the Southern Ii/Soc. 
102 — 105. The Northern IvSoi who live near the 
city KaGTTarvpoc are the gold-finders ; the fxvp- 
fmrjKec that throw up the gold sand ; the descrip- 
tion of the KafiriXoc, (the camel) : the camel used 
by the Iv<$oi in their gold-expeditions into the sandy 

( 1 ) See 'UpoS. Book v. 15. Book iv. 204. and Book vi. 
119. Kings, Book ii. chap. 17, 18, and 24. 

(2) Compare with these chapters of 'HjootWos on the 
lv$oi, the IvdtKci of Krrjmas, edited by Lion. 



xlii SUMMARY OF [III. 106—119. 

desert( 1 ) : the dangers attending these expeditions. 
106. Remarks on climates ; the horses of MrjSc/cr/, 
called Nktcuoi; cotton used by the Ivdoi for making 
clothing. 107. The peculiar vegetable products 
of Apa^ir] ; the <Trvpa% imported into 'EXXac by 
the QoiviKec ; the winged serpents. 108. 109. 
HpoSoroQ admires the provision made by the deity 
for limiting the numbers of noxious, and increasing 
those of harmless and eatable, animals ; the hare 
and the lion are mentioned as examples : the 
Arabian account of the winged serpents. 110 — 
112. The mode of procuring the Kacnrj ; and the 
Kivva/uKo/iiov (cinnamon), a word which the 'EWrjec 
learned from the Qoiviicec, : the way in which the 
\r]$avov is procured ; its uses. 113. The large-tailed 
sheep of Apafiir). 114. Gold, ebony wood (e|3ei>oq), 
and ivory, the products of AiOiowit}. 115. The Hpi- 
$avoc> from which amber (riXeKTpov) is procured ; 
the vrjaoi Ka<j<nT€pt$ec, the country of the Kaaai- 
repoc (perhaps, tin) : 'HpoSoroc never met with 
any person who had visited these remote places. 
116. Gold abundant in the northern part of Ev- 
p(t>7rri ; the ApL/j,a<nroi( 2 ). 117. The basin of the 
Aktjq, and the five outlets of the river ; the Per- 
sian king places water-gates at these outlets, and 
makes the neighbouring people pay for the water, 
which is necessary to irrigate their grain planta- 
tions. 118. 119. The violent conduct oflvra(j>ep- 
vyig, one of the seven conspirators : Aapeioc sus- 
pecting a conspiracy determines to put to death 

(1) This is perhaps the desert of Kohi, 

(2) 'ttpoc. Book iv. chap, 27. Aitr^vk, UpofjijO. 807. 



III. 120—134.] HERODOTUS. xliii 

lvTa(j)epvYiQ, and all his male connections ; the wife 
of lvra(j)epvrjc saves her brother and her eldest son. 
120. 121. OpoiTtiQ the virapyoc, of *2apSiG ; his 
treacherous design against UoXvKparriG about the 
time of the death of KapfivoriG : AvaKpewv o Titjlog 
a friend of UoXvKparriG* 122 — 125. UoXvKpa- 
rriG the first genuine historical personage of the 
Hellenic stock, who aimed at the dominion of the 
seas ; the message of Opoirr\c, to UoXvKparriG : 
the Samian sends his treasurer to ascertain the 
truth of what OpoirriG said : his daughter attempts 
to dissuade him from visiting OpoirriG : UoXvKpa- 
rriG takes with him his physician Aityio/crjSrjc of 
Kporti)v\ OpoirriG crucifies the Samian king, whom 
'HjooSotoc extols above all the Hellenic rvpavvoi 
except those of ^vpriKovaai. 126 — 128. The 
cruelty of OpoirriG : AapeioG determines to punish 
him : Btrycuoc is chosen by lot to execute the king's 
commands ; OpoirriG is put to death. 129. 130. 
Aapeioc while hunting puts his ancle out of joint; 
the ^Egyptian doctors make it worse by their un- 
skilful treatment ; AjtyioKrjSrjc, who had been sent 
up to Sovo-a with the rest of the property of Opoi- 
rriG, is brought before the king in his chains and 
rags : he cures the king, and is liberally rewarded. 
131. 132. The adventures of Ar^uo/o^c before he 
was physician to UoXvKparriG ; his professional 
services purchased by the state of Aiywa and 
by the AOrivaioi : his prosperity at 2ov<ra ; his 
desire to return home ; he saves the lives of the 
^Egyptian doctors. 133. 134. Ajjjuo/oj^c re- 
moves a tumour from the breast of Aroaaii : 



xliv SUMMARY OF [III. 135—147. 

the curious private conversation between Aroaari 
and Aapetoc. 135. 136. Actpeioc determines to 
send At) juLOK^rjc;, and with him fifteen Tlepaai of 
rank, to examine the coast of 'EX Acre, and bring 
the doctor back : they sail from 2i$wv with three 
ships, visit 'EXXac, and make a kind of map or 
description of the coast ; they then sail to Tapac 
in IraXit), where Atjuo/ctjStjc escapes from them 
and goes to Kporwv. 137. 138. The Hepaai 
seize Arjuo/cij&fc in the ayopa of Kportjv ; the 
citizens rescue him, and take one of the three ves- 
sels : the UepcFai are wrecked on the coast of Iij- 
irvyir) and made slaves ; they are ransomed by 
TiXXoc of Tapac and carried back to Aenrj ; these 
were the first Ilepaai that ever visited 'EXXac. 
139. SuXocrwv, the brother of UoXvKparfjQ, when 
an exile meets with Aa/oeioc, then one of the re- 
tinue of KapfivariG, in the city of Meu(/)ic : the 
EXXrjvec went to Aiyv7TToc either as mercantile or 
military adventurers, or as mere travellers ; 2v- 
Xocjcov makes Actpeioc a present of a cloak. 140. 
141. When Aa/oeioc becomes king, SuXocrwv pays 
him a visit at *2ov(ja : Aapeioc gives Oravrjc in- 
structions to put SvXoawv in possession of Sa^ioc. 
1 42 — 144. Maiavfynoc the treasurer and minister 
of UoXvKparriQ governs 2auoq after his master's 
death ; he intends to resign the power : but 
changes his mind and puts his enemies in prison : 
OravriQ and the Ilejocrai land in 2a/toc with 2uXoaa>v ; 
MaiavSpioG and his party make a truce with the 
invaders, and agree to evacuate the island. 1 45 — 
147. The advice of XapiXewc the mad brother of 



III. 148—160.] HERODOTUS. xlv 

MaiavSpioc, : Xa/oiXewc attacks the Ilepvai, who 
were unprepared for such an assault, and kills 
many men of rank : Oravtic seeing this outrage, 
orders his soldiers to kill every male ; the aKpo- 
7roAtc is blockaded. 148. 149. MaiavSpioc escapes 
to 'Enaprrj ; the king KXeofievrjc recommends the 
E<popoi to send him out of the country : the Hep- 
aai destroy all the males in 2a/ioc, and give the 
island to 2vXo<rwi> ; the disease of Oravr)Q. 1 50 — 
153. The BajSvXwviot revolt; their preparations 
for sustaining a siege ; the city is besieged by the 
Tiepaai ; in the twentieth month of the siege one 
of the mules of Zo)7rvpoc produces a foal. 1 54 — 
156. Zioirvpoc mutilates his person ; the reasons 
for this, which he explains to Aapeioa : he passes 
over to the Baj3uXo)vioc, pretending to have suf- 
fered from the cruelty of Aapeioc 157. The 
BafivXwvioi choose him for their commander. 
158. Aa/oeioc, acting according to the scheme 
concerted with Zw7tvjooc, takes the city. 159. 
160. He impales 3000 of the chief citizens ; the 
Ba(5v\tJvioi had destroyed nearly all their women 
before the siege commenced, that their provisions 
might last longer ; Aapeioc furnishes them with 
50,000 women from the neighbouring nations : 
the liberality of Aapeioc to Xtoirvpoc ; this Za>7rv- 
poc, was the father of the Meya|3u£oc who fought 
against the AOrjvaioi in Ai-yv7TToc (*) ; and the 
grandfather of the Zwirvpoc who fled to AOrjvai 
from the Tlepaaii 2 ). 

(1) Oovkvc). Booki. 109. 

(2) See Krtjaias, UepatK. 43. 



xlvi SUMMARY OF [IV. 1—7. 



BOOK IV. 

On the Scythian tribes : general and special re- 
marks onGeography: on the Libyan tribes: from 
the Scythian expedition of Aapeioc, B.C. 513, 
to the transplanting of the Bap/cciioi to Ba/CT/nr/. 



With the geographical description of "Savd/vi compare 2r^«- 
fiav. Book vii. And compare Appiott/. UsgiTrhovs Ev£- 
eivov Uovtov with the notices of some positions on the 
~Ev%stuoz. 

Chap. 145—167. and 200—205. The history of the Hellenic 
colonies on the northern coast of A//3vjj; Kv^vn, B«g- 
*)7, &c. Compare Sr^a/foj/. Book xvii. near the end. 

Chap. 168 — 198. The tribes of A//3vjj. Compare Aiol^o;. 
Book iii. Ir^m. Book xvii. 



1. Aapeioc meditates an expedition against the 
2/cu0tu ; the Scythian dominion of Ao-t?7 lasted 
twenty-eight years ; their wives cohabit with the 
slaves. 2. The reason why the ^Kvdai make their 
slaves blind ; they use mare's milk. 3. 4. The 
sons of the slaves oppose the ^KvOai on their re- 
turn; they dig a deep ditch from the Tauric 
mountains to the Xipvri MaiwTtc : the sons of the 
slaves submit. 5.6. The Scythian account of 
their own origin ; the golden utensils and imple- 
ments that fell from heaven : 2/coAotoi is the ge- 
neral and the genuine name of all those tribes 
whom the EAXrjvec call 2/cv0ai. 7. From the 
time of TapyiraoG the first Scythian king, to the 
expedition of Aapeioc, was a period, according to 
the IlkvQui, of 1000 years; the kings carefully 



IV. 8—20.] HERODOTUS. xlvii 

guard the golden presents that came from heaven. 
8 — 10. The story of the Pontic 'EAArji/ec about 
the origin of the "EicvOai ; 'HpaicXeriG visits the 
country now called 'EkvOlt) : his intercourse with 
E)(iSva : his three sons, of whom the youngest, 
2kv0»jc, possesses the country. 11. Another 
account, which 'HpocVroq prefers ; the Kifx/mepioi 
the former occupiers of 2/cv0n? ; the great mound 
on the banks of the TvprjQ. 1 2. Proofs of their 
former occupation of ^kvOw from the names of 
places ; remains of walls called Ki/uL^epia ; the 
Bo(T7rojOoq called Kiju/mepios. 13 — 15. Apiare^Q 
of UpoKovvrjffOG a writer of e7rea, and a notorious 
impostor: the strange story of his dying and 
coming to life ; 'Hjooc^otoc refers to the e7rea Apt- 
fiaairea : 'HjoocWoq visited UpoKovvrjcroG, and Me- 
Tairovriov in IraXiri ; the story of the MeraTrov- 
tivoi about Apiaretic ; his statue. 1 6. The country 
beyond ^kvOiyj unknown. 17. The efxiropiov of 
the Ropv<TOeveiTai( l ) ; the KaAAi7riSat a tribe half 
Hellenic, half Scythian ; the ^KvOai aporripedy 
the agricultural Scythians, raise grain for exporta- 
tion ; these and other tribes live on the banks of 
the 'Yiravic 18. The tribes on the BopvaOevtis ; 
the 2fcu0ai -yewpyoi ; the OAj3to7roAnrai. 19. The 
tribes east of these, and east of the river Tlavri- 
Ka7rr/c, are ^KvOai No/ia$ec ; their country has no 
trees, except in a part called 'YXairi ; it extends 
to the Teppoc 20. The noblest tribe of *2kv0ch 
live east of the Feppoc ; and they extend east- 
wards as far as the great ditch, and as far as 
(1) See chap. 18. 0\/3<o7ro\irat. 



xlviii SUMMARY OF [III. 21—33. 

KpYi/nvoi, a trading port on the Mcutjtic ; the Me- 
\ayy\aivoi not a Scythian tribe. 2 1 . East of the 
Tavaic are the ^avpo/narai, not a Scythian tribe ; 
the Bov&voi live in the forests. 22. The Qvava- 
yerat and lvpicai ; their mode of life. 23. A 
mountainous and northern region inhabited by the 
Apyimraioi ; its products ; the natives' mode of 
life ( ! ). 24. Some of the Hellenic traders go as 
far as the Apynrnaioi ; the S/cuOai, who visit them, 
require seven interpreters. 25. The country north 
of the Apynriraioi entirely unknown ; the people 
said to sleep six months in the year, which 'Hpo- 
Sotog does not believe. 26. 27. The usages of 
the \aor)§ovec, : beyond the \<jor)§ovec, are the Tpvwec 
that guard the gold, and the one-eyed men called 
Kpifxaairoi ; apip,a in the Scythian language sig- 
nifies one, and gttov, an eye, 27. 28. The climate 
of these countries described ; the Bcxnropoc; Ki/n^e- 
pioc, frozen in winter ; the 2ivo\>i ; the effects of the 
cold on animals : the OoW<ra»? of'O/ntipoc quoted. 
30. The mule (rj/niovoc) cannot be generated inHAec??. 
31. 'H/oooWoc explains what the 2/eu0eu mean, 
when they say that the northern regions are filled 
with feathers. 32. The 'Yirepfiopeoi are unknown ; 
'HaiodoG mentions them ; 'HpooVroc suspects the 
Emyovoi not to be the work of 'O/xr/poc. 33. The 
route which certain sacred things took from the 
'Yirepfiopeoi to Ar/Xoc ; HpooVroc himself had 
witnessed certain rites of the Thracian and Paeo- 

(1) "Rpocoros in this chapter describes a kind of man 
who resembles the Kalmuck j the fruit which he mentions 
is the wild plum of this region. 



IV. 34—41.] HERODOTUS. xlix 

nian women similar to those introduced into ArjXoc 
34. 35. The honours paid at ArjXoc, to the two 
Hyperborean virgins 'Yirepoyri and AaoSi/oj ; H- 
poSoroc; had visited ArjXoc; : Apyrj and Qmc;, two 
other Hyperborean virgins, visit ArjXoc before the 
two first mentioned : the v^ivoi of QArju o Avkioq. 
36. The- fabulous story of Afiapic; 'HpoSoroQ 
ridicules the Ttjg irepioSoi (the maps or descrip- 
tions of the world), which were common in his 
time( 1 ). 37. The nations between the southern, 
or Erythrean sea, and the northern, or the Euxine, 
as far as the <I>a<ric. 38. The country (Asia Mi- 
nor) included between the YIovtoc,, (reckoning from 
the QaaiQ to Hiyeiov) and a line drawn from the 
Myriandric bay (adjoining <J>oivi/oj) as far as Tpi- 
omov; thirty eOvea (different nations) dwell in 
this country. 39. The countries west of YlepaiKrj 
bounded by the TLpvOpr) QaXaaaa, and the A^oa- 
)3ioc koXttog ( 2 ) ; the sea coast from <&oiviicr) to 
Aiy vrrroc. 40. Eastern Amy bounded by the 
Apa<£r}G and the Kaamri QaXavGa on the north, and 
the Erythrean sea on the south. 4 1 . The country 
called Aifivri is adjacent to Aiywirroc,, and extends 

(1) Some of these were engraved on copper. See 
'RpoS. Book v. 49 j and Heeren's remarks in his Essay 
on the " Fontes Geograph. Ptolemaei." 

(2) The Erythrean sea is often used by 'Hpodoros to 
designate the present Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and 
the Persian Gulf. In this chapter, the canal which Aa- 
peios made is said to connect the NetXos and the Apapws 
koXttos. In chap. 158. Book ii. the canal joins the NetXos 
and the Rpvdprj daXacrcra : but read the remainder of this 
chapter. 



1 SUMMARY OF [IV. 42—51. 

to the west. 42. In the direction of their length 
A<nr? and Aifivrj correspond to Evpwn"n; Aiflvri 
nearly an island ; circumnavigated by the QoivuceQ 
in the reign of Ne/cwq ; 'HpoBoToc does not believe 
that the circumnavigators saw the sun on their 
right hand. 43. The African voyage of ^araairr\G 
a Persian ; the Ka/o%i?oWoi quoted as authorities 
for it ; 'H/oooWoc declines mentioning the name 
of a Samian rogue. 44. The voyage of SfcvAaf 
o KapvavSevQ down the IvSoq, and on the Ery- 
threan sea, by the orders of AapetoQ ( 1 ). 45. The 
boundaries of Ei//o<o7nj on the north and east are 
unknown ; the difficulty of accounting for the 
world being divided into three parts, with three 
names, which are respectively Atj3u»/, Aairj, Eu- 
pwwn ; examination of the name Evpwim). 46. 
47. The barbarous character of the Pontic tribes; 
Kvayapaic, the Scythian : the eight great rivers 
that flow into the west and northern parts of the 
ITovtog Eufeivoc. 48—50. The Icr/ooc one of 
the largest known rivers ; its tributary Scythian 
branches : the tributary streams that flow from 
the Ai/jlog; the Illyrian branch of it; and other 
branches ; the larpoo takes its rise in the country 
of the KeXrai, one of the most westerly European 
nations : the larpoc always the same in summer 
and winter ; the cause of this. 51. The Tvpric 
rises in a lake, which is the boundary of 2jcu0cjcii 
and TSevpic ; a colony of EAAijvec, called Tvpirai 

(1) This 2*v\a£ is probably not the author of the ex- 
tant geographical work contained in the minor Greek 
geographers. Hudson's edition. Oxford. 



IV. 52—66.] HERODOTUS. li 

at its mouth. 52. The 'YiraviQ takes its rise in 
a northern lake ; its course ; the Tu^g and the 
'YtraviQ approach very near to one another in the 
country of the AAa£wi>eg. 53. The BopvaQevriQ 
next to the larpoc, in size ; the abundance and 
excellence of its waters ; its fish ; the rich natural 
pastures and the fertile lands on its banks; its 
source unknown ; the 'Ynavic, and the BopwOevtic 
flow into the same salt-marsh ; the promontory of 
'l7r7roXewq, and the temple of AityirjTJ^o ; the Bo- 
pvaOeveiTai on the Yiravic;. 54. The TlavTUcaTrrjQ, 
which flows into the JSopvvOevriQ. 55. The Yira- 
Kvpic; A^iXXrjioc ^po/moc;. 56. The Feppoa flows 
into the ^Yiraicvpic,. 57. The Tavaic flows into 
the Xifxvtf MaiririQ ; it separates the 2/cv0ai j3aa-i- 
Xrjioi from the ^avpo/uarai. 5 8 . These are the chief 
rivers of *2kvQikti; the bitterness of the grasses 
of ^KvOiK-n. 59. 60. The Scythian deities, and 
their appellations, that correspond to the Hellenic ; 
Zevc, is called TlairaioQ by the 2/cv0ai : the mode 
of killing an animal in sacrifice. 6 1 . Their boil- 
ing pots (Ke^rec,) are like Keafiwi Kprjrrfpec; 
bones are used as fuel ; an animal sometimes 
cooked in his own skin( 1 ). 62. 63. The temple 
of AprjQ made of faggots or logs of wood piled up ; 
their occasional sacrifices of captives : the hog is 
not used by the ILkvOcu. 64 — 66. Their usages 
in war : the Scythian mode of converting a human 
scalp into a napkin ; 'HjooSotog had seen the hu- 
man skin used as a horsecloth ; its properties : 
the skulls of their enemies are converted into 
(1) See the note in Schweighaeuser. 
e 2 



lii SUMMARY OF [IV. 67—80. 

drinking- vessels ; single combats before the king : 
the annual celebration of warlike deeds. 67 — 
69. Conjurors or diviners numerous in 2ku0ik»? : 
they are also a kind of doctors, who are consulted 
when the king is ill ; their system of deceit and 
robbery: false diviners are burnt alive. 70. The 
Scythian mode of making a treaty ; earthen vessels 
used by them. 7 1 . The tombs of their kings are 
in the territory of the Teppoi ; the funeral rites ; 
the slaughter of the king's domestics ; a great 
mound of earth is raised over the body. 72. The 
repetition of the cruel funeral rites in the following 
year. 73 — 75. Their private interments : Kavva- 
/3iq (hemp) grows spontaneously in ^kvBiktj ; the 
OprjiKeci make cloth of it, very like el/mar a \ivea 
(linen cloths) : the modes of purification after as- 
sisting at interments. 76. 77. Kvayapaic, a 
Scythian visited Kv£i/coc an Hellenic town ; he 
introduces Hellenic religious ceremonies into 
HkvOikij, and performs them in secret ; he is de- 
tected and murdered : the Peloponnesian account 
of Avayapaic 78 — 80. ^kvXtjc, the son of a 
Scythian king and an Hellenic woman of larpit}, 
prefers Hellenic to Scythian usages ; his mother 
had taught him her own language, that of 'EXXac ; 
the BopvcQeveiTai a Milesian colony ; ^icvXrjc 
marries a woman of the place, and builds a house 
there : he is initiated into the mysteries of Aiow- 
aoc, BaK^etoc; his house in the Hellenic town was 
ornamented with marble atyiyyec and ypviree, ; the 
Scythian army are informed of their king's habits 
in the city : they revolt ; ^kvXtjq is beheaded ; 



IV. 81— 89.] HERODOTUS. liii 

'HpoSoroG quotes the examples of kvayapaiq and 
2/aAnc to show the abhorrence of the ^KvSai for 
foreign customs. 81. 82. When 'HpooWoc was 
in ^kvOikv, he could not accurately ascertain the 
population ; the number may be conjectured from 
the brazen or copper vessel at E£ajU7rtuoc, which 
was made by each Scythian contributing one arrow 
head ; this vessel compared with that of Uavvavnic, 
the son of KXeopfiporoc ; the 2ku0<u show a gi- 
gantic print of a foot in the rocks on the banks of 
the Tvpric ; they call it the foot-mark of 'HjoafcAijc. 
83. 84. AprafiavoG the brother of Aapeioc at- 
tempts to dissuade him from his Scythian expe- 
dition : the cruelty of Aapeioc to Oioj3a£oc a Per- 
sian. 85. 86. Aapeioa marches from 2oucra to 
KaA^ijoW on the Thracian JSoairopoc ; he visits 
the Kvaveai werpai, and gazes on the wide Ilov- 
toc ; the dimensions of the Uovtoq, the Boairopoc, 
the TlpoTTovriG, and the EXAjjo-7tovtoc : the mode 
in which 'HpooWoc measured these various waters ; 
the Malaria flows into theHovroG. 87 — 89. Mav- 
SpoicXeriG of Sa^uoc builds the bridge of boats over 
the Boawopoc ; the two marble columns ((TrrjXai) 
of Aapeioa with inscriptions in Assyrian ( ! ) and 
Hellenic characters ; the fate of these columns : 
the present which the engineer ( 2 ) receives; the 
picture of Aapeioc and his army crossing the strait, 

(1) Which some suppose to have been the arrow- 
headed or cuneiform characters now found at Babylon, 
Persepolis, and Susa. 

(2) The phrase izaai Seta signifies ten things of all 
kinds. Compare Book ix. 81. 



liv SUMMARY OF [IV. 90—101. 

which was suspended in the Hpaiov ; the inscrip- 
tion : the Iwueo, AioXeec and EXX?]<T7roi>Tioi sail 
to the larpoc, and make a bridge over the river ; 
Aapeioc encamps at the source of the Teapoc in 
QprjiKr]. 90. 91 . The hot and cold springs of the 
Teapoc : the column and inscription of AapeioQ. 
92. 93. The river AprurKoc ; the heaps of stones 
made by the army : the Term, a Thracian tribe, 
south of the larpoc, are subdued by the TLepaai. 
94 — 96. The Terai assert themselves to be im- 
mortal ; they send a messenger to Zap.o\%ic every 
five years : the tale of the 'EXXrjvec of the 'EX- 
\riG7TovTOG and of the Tlovroc about this Za/uoX- 
%iq : the remarks of 'HjooSotoc. 97. 98. Aapeioc 
crosses the larpoc ; the advice of Kwrjc a Lesbian : 
Aapeioc, ties sixty knots on a string, and orders the 
rvpavvoi of the IwveQ to untie one of them daily ; 
they receive instructions to guard the bridge over 
the larpoc till the sixty are untied. 99 — 10 1. The 
general outline of ^kvOikti ; ^kvOiktj which is called 
apyairj, or old, commences at the larpoc ; its boun- 
daries ; the position of the country of the Tavpoi, 
with respect to IlkvOiky), illustrated by a compari- 
son between the Suniac angle and the rest of At- 
riKt} ; also by a comparison of the promontory 
south of aline joining Bpevreaiov and Tapac, with 
the rest of l-oirvyir) : the Mati/nc and the Tavaic, 
the eastern boundary of ^EkvOikt} ; the nations that 
border on ^kvOikyj in the interior, and form its 
western and northern boundaries : ^EkvOikyj then 
according to HpoSoroc is a square, each side of 
which is 4000 stadia ; he reckons a day's journey 



IV. 102—116.] HERODOTUS. 



lv 



to be 200 stadia. 102. The names of the neigh- 
bouring nations that are solicited to aid the 2fcv0cu. 
103. The barbarous manners of the Tavjooi ; I<£i- 
yeveia their deity. 104 — 107. The AyaOvpaoi 
fond of gold ornaments : the Neu/ooi once driven 
from their country by snakes ; the superstitious 
story of the 'EAA^vec who dwell in HkvOiico : the 
Av$po(j)ayoi, the men-eaters : the M.e\ayy\aiPoi, 
so called by the EAArjvec from their black cloth- 
ing ( ! ). 108. 109. The BovSivoi paint themselves 
blue and flame-colour ( 2 ) ; the town of the TeXwvoi 
and its houses of wood ; the Tekiovoi originally 
merchants from the coast and of Hellenic stock ; 
they speak a mixed language, Scythian and Hel- 
lenic : the BovSivoi speak a different language, and 
are NojuaSec ; the TeXwvoi cultivate the ground and 
have gardens : the skins and other articles fur- 
nished by the country of the Bou&woi ( 3 ). 1 1 — 
116. The origin of the ^avpofxarai ; in the Scythian 
language oiop signifies a man, and 7rara to kill ; 
the AfxaCovea who arrive in ^kvOiktj plunder the 
natives : the ^KvOai are surprised ; the scheme 
adopted when they discover the A/ma^oves to be 
women : the young 2/cv0ai visit the AfiaZoves and 



(1) Which was made of the skins of bears and other 
wild animals. 

(2) Some critics think that the words 7rvppos and y\at>- 
kos refer to the physical peculiarities of the BovSivoi, to 
their hair, eyes, &c. See Heeren, Ideen, &c. the chap- 
ter on the 2/cv0at j and Mannert. Germania. 

(3) This and the preceding chapter clearly indicate a 
fur trade carried on by the TeXojvoi with the Hellenic 
merchants of the Uovms. 



hi SUMMARY OF [TV. 117— ISO. 

cohabit with them : the Apalovcc agree to be the 
wives of these ^KvOai : but insist on leaving the 
Scythian country : they cross the Tavaic and in- 
habit the country where the present ^avpofxarai 
dwell ; the women retain the habits of their an- 
cestors. 117. The lavpofxarai speak a corrupted 
Scythian language. • 1 18. 1 19. The message of 
the ^KvOai to the neighbouring nations : the Te- 
Xwvoi, BovStvot and ^avpojuarai alone promise 
assistance. 120. 121. The Scythian mode of 
warfare ; they fill up the wells and destroy the 
grass ; they divide the country into three parts 
for defence : the waggons containing their wives 
and children, together with most of their cattle, are 
sent towards the north. 122. The llepaai pursue 
one division of the army and cross the Tavaic ; the 
TLepcrai then go to the country of the Bov$ii'ot( 1 ). 
123. 124. The Tiepaai burn the wood-built town 
in this territory; Aapeioc enters the desert of the 
Qvaaayerai, which is north of the BouSiuoi; the 
f jur rivers : Aapeioc begins to build eight forts on 
the banks of the Oapoc ; the ruins remain to the 
time of 'H/ooSotoc. 125. The Persian chace after 
the *2kv0cli; the courage of the AyaOvpcroi. 126. 
127. Aapeioc challenges the Scythian king to a 
battle : the wise answer of the Scythian. 128 — 
130. The ^KvQai annoy the Hepaai by continued 
small attacks : the Scythian horses are frightened 
by the braying of the asses and mules in the Per- 
sian army : there are no asses or mules in 2kv- 

(1) See this Persian expedition and the position of the 
Bovhvot discussed by Mannert. Gcrmania, 



IV. 131—145.] HERODOTUS. lvii 

OiKrj : the cunning of the 2/cu0at. 131. 132. The 
^.KvQai send to the Uepaai a bird, a mouse, a frog, 
and five arrows : the meaning of this present. 

133. One division of the 2ki»0cu exhort the Iw»>eq 
to leave the bridge at the end of the appointed days. 

134. The contempt of the ^KvOai for the Tlepaai 
expressed in a strange way. 135. 136. Aapeioa 
retreats in the night, leaving his sick and his asses 
behind him : the soldiers who are abandoned ask 
for mercy from the ^KvQai • the 2/cu0cu hastening 
to the Yarpoc,, arrive there before Aapeioq, and beg 
the Iwvea to destroy the bridge. 137.138. MiX- 
riadrjQ of ABrivai, the TVpavvoa of the Xe/ocroyijo-oq, 
is disposed to destroy the bridge ; 'Io-riaioc of Mi- 
\t)toq opposes this ; the reasons which he urges: 
the names of the rvpavvoi who voted for the pre- 
servation of the bridge. 139. The rvpavvoi de- 
ceive the 2/cu0cu, who return to look for the Per- 
sian army. 140. 141. The 2ku0cu do not find the 
Uepaai ; Aapeioc with great difficulty makes his 
way to the river, where he arrives in the night : the 
loud-voiced ^Egyptian j the army cross the bridge. 
142. The 2ku0cu express their contempt for the 
Iowec. 143. 144. Aapeioc marches through 
Opv'iKv, and crosses the 'EXX»j<T7ro»/Toc at 2>7<rroq; 
he leaves Meyaf3a£oc commander of the troops in 
"Evptoirri : the good saying of Meyaj3a£oc, for which 
the 'EXXijo-Troi/Tioi cherished his memory. 145. A 
great expedition against Aifivt) about the time of 
the Scythian expedition ; the introduction to this 
little history ; the Mivvai being driven from Arjfivoc, 
by the rieXacryoc, fly to Tri'vyeroa of AaKeSaiuwv, 



Iviii SUMMARY OF [IV. 146—158. 

146. Their kind reception, and their treachery ; 
the AaKeSaipovioi execute criminals in the night ; 
the Mivvai are thrown into prison; they escape by 
changing clothes with their Lacedaemonian wives. 

147. 148. OripaQ a Lacedaemonian takes a colony 
to Qypy ; Kafyioc had left a colony of Qoivikcq 
there : some of the Miwai join the colony ; others 
build towns in the country of the Kau/cwveq and 
Uaptopearai ; the island Or\pr\ derives its name 
from GripaQ. 149. The origin of the AiyeiSai, one 
of the great (j)v\ai in ^iraprt). 150—153. The 
Uvditj commands the Oripaioi to settle a colony in 
Atj3vr/ : the great drought in Oypri owing to their 
neglect of the oracle ; Ko/ow/3toc conducts the 
Ortpaioi to HXarea an island on the Libyan coast : 
Ko/>wj3toc, who was left there, has his deficient 
stock of provisions recruited by some 2a/utoi ; the 
profitable voyage of the Samian captain to Tap- 
rrjacTOG ; description of the great copper Kpyrrip 
in the *H/>aiov at 2a^uoc : a colony with Barrett; 
at their head settle at IlXarea. 154. 155. The 
story of the Kvprjvaioi about BarroQ ; F.reap^oc 
of Kprirri and his daughter <&povifir\ : Barroc, the 
son of QpovifxT) and a man of Gripri ; BarroQ means 
king in the Libyan tongue ; the UvOir) orders Bar- 
toq to take a colony to Aij3vrj. 156. 157. BaT- 
roa is sent to Aifivri ; he settles in the island 
TlXarea, opposite the coast of Aifivt) ; the IlvBirj 
who is consulted by the complaining colonists 
orders them, in two Hexameter verses, to settle in 
Aifivri ; the situation of Alipic,. 158. The Aifivec, 
persuade the colonists to remove to a place named 



IV. 159—170.] HERODOTUS. lix 

Ipaaa. 159. The Kvprivaioi; many 'EXXt/vco, 
being invited by the Kvprivaioi, sail to Ai(3v»?, and 
deprive the Aifivec, of their lands ; in the reign 
of BaTTOc, the third king, the Kvprivaioi defeat 
the invading army of the ^Egyptian Airpiric,. 
160. 161. ApKcaiXeojc succeeds Bcm-toc; some 
Cyrenean rebels build BapKrj ; ApKemXewQ defeat- 
ed by the Ai/3uec : BaTToqkingof Kvprivti; Ai^mu- 
va% of Mavnverj is sent by the UvOiri to reform the 
polity of Kvprivrt; his regulations. 162. 163. A/o- 
KeciXewQ the son of Barroc is dissatisfied with 
the restrictions of the royal power introduced by 
Ar?jt«ova£ ; he is obliged to fly to ^afioQ : he in- 
vites the HLap.ioi to restore him to Kvprjvri, and 
promises them the lands ; the answer of the 
Tivdiri to the inquiries of ApKeaiXetoQ. 164. Ap- 
KeaiXewQ is restored; his cruelty; his supersti- 
tion; and his assassination in Ba/ofa/. 165 — 
167. ^eperifxri the mother of ApKeaiXetoQ flies to 
Aiyvrrroc after her son's death : ApvavSria ap- 
pointed governor of Aiyvrrroc by Ka/i|3v<rr/q; the 
gold coinage of Aapeioa ; ApvavSriQ is put to death 
for coining silver in Aiy vtttoc, ; the silver of A/ov- 
av^ric, the purest in circulation: ApvavdrjQ gives 
aid to Qeperifiri ; 'HpodoroQ thinks that the real 
object of the expedition was the conquest of the 
Aifivec. 168. The Aij3uec; the description of 
them, beginning with those nearest to Aiyvirroc, ; 
the A$vpfiayjL$ai extend as far as port HXvvoc; ; 
the king's claims on marriageable virgins. 1 69. The 
position of the Ti\iyaiui(jiai ; the limits of the coun- 
try which produces the <n\(j)iov. 170. The Act- 



lx SUMMARY OF [IV. 171—180. 

fivarai live in the interior, above the Kvprivaioi ; 
they drive chariots with four horses ; their adop- 
tion of Hellenic usages. 171. The Avayjiaai live 
above BapKrj ; the Kaj3aXec, a small tribe, dwell 
in their country. 172. The Nava/uuoves ; they 
leave their cattle on the coast during summer, and 
go to AvyiXa in the interior to gather dates ; the 
uses of the aTTeXe/3oc (*) ; the matrimonial and 
other usages of this tribe. 173. The ^PuXXoi 
perish in the desert ; the Nacra/iawec occupy their 
country. 174. The Yapafiavrec ( 2 ) a wild, un- 
civilized tribe. 175. The Ma/cai shave all their 
heads except a tuft on the crown ; their defensive 
armour; the river Kivvip. 176. The FivSaveQ; the 
indications of a woman of rank. 177. The Aw- 
ro(j)ayoi ; the fruit of the Xcjtoq ( Rhamnus Lo- 
tus, Linn.) in taste resembles a date( 3 ). 178. The 
Ma^Xvec ; the great river Tpirtov, one of their 
boundaries, flows into the lake Tpirwvic. 1 7 9 . The 
story of Irjaijjv, and his visit to Aifivrj and the lake 
Tpirwvic. 180. The Avaeic live on the western 
bank of the Tpirtwic ; their annual festival of 
AOrjvaiv ; on this occasion they ornament the 
noblest virgin with a Corinthian helmet and an 
Hellenic iravoirXiv (suit of armour) ; the Hellenic 

(1) The ar-eXefjos is a kind of insect. See Plin. xxix. 
4. 29 : " locustarum minimae sine pennis, quos attelebos 
vocant." 

(2) There is some error in this word Tapafiavres. Com- 
pare chap. 183. 

(3) And its size he compares with that of the berry of 
the axivos, Pistachio, Lentiscus. See Sibthorpe's papers 
in Walpole's Collection, p. 237. 



IV. 181—187.] HERODOTUS. Ixi 

shield and helmet introduced into 'EXXac from 
Aiyvirroc,. 181. The tribes described dwell along 
the coast of Aifivri ; the country above the coast 
he names OripiwSriG (abounding in wild animals) ; 
the third division, the sandy region, lies next above 
this, and extends from 6rjj3ai Aiyvwriai to the 
'H/oafcXijuu (7Ti?Xai ; the natural salt of the desert; 
the Afifiwvioi distant from OrjjScu ten days' jour- 
ney ; the fountain of the Sun. 182. AvyiXa ten 
days' journey from the A/iyuwvioi; its springs and 
palm-trees. 183. Another fountain ten days di- 
stant from AvyiXa ; salt and palm-trees there ; 
the Tapajiavrec ; the large-horned cattle (oi oiria- 
Oovojtioi j3oec)( 1 ) ; the Fapa/JLavrec hunt the T^ow- 
yXoSvrai Aidioirec, whose food is snakes, lizards, 
and such reptiles. 184. The Arapavrec, ten 
days from the Tapajiavrec, ; the excessive heat of 
the sun; the large mountain ArXac ten days 
distant from the Arapavrec 185. 'HpoSoroo 
does not know the names of the tribes beyond 
ArXac ; houses made of rock-salt, both white and 
red ; the central parts of Aifivri. 1 86. The tribes 
between Aiyvirroc, and the lake Tpircovic are No- 
juaSec ; their usages resemble those of AiyvirroG ; 
the women of Kvprjvr} and Bap/o?. 187. Many of 
the NojuaoVr, of Aifivr) burn with a little uncleaned 
wool the veins on the head and temples of their 
children ; the reason of this cautery ( 2 ) ; these 

( 1 ) These animals feed as they walk backwards, the 
size of their horns rendering it inconvenient for them to 
graze like ordinary cows. 

(2) Compare the uses of the Japanese Moxa. 



lxii SUMMARY OF [IV. 188—199. 

NopaSes more free from disease than other nations. 
188 — 190. Their religious observances: the 'EX- 
Xijvec; derived from the dress of the Libyan women 
their mode of decorating the statues of AQr)vair\ : 
their mode of interment ; their moveable huts made 
of the avOepi%. 191. The agricultural AifiveQ west 
of the lake Tpiriovis ; they are called Maf vec, and 
dwell in houses ; the animals of western Ai|3utj. 

192. The animals of Nomadic Aij5vrj, the country 
east of the lake Tpirwvic ; the deer and the wild 
boar not found in eastern Aij3vrj ; the horns of the 
opvs( l ) are used for making the musical instru- 
ment called the <poivi% ; the -yaXrj that lives amidst 
the cri\(j)iov resembles the yaXrj of TapTrjaaoG. 

193. The ZavriKea adjacent to the Mafvec. 

194. The rvtavrec paint themselves red, and eat 
monkeys. 195. The Kap-^^ovioi quoted as au- 
thority for the golden sands in the island Kvpav- 
vic ; the natural pitch in the ponds of Zcucwdoc 
which 'H/oooWoq saw( 2 ). 196. The KapyriSovioi 
describe their mode of procuring gold from the na- 
tives, at a place beyond the pillars of 'Hpa/cX?jc( 3 ). 
197. The four races of men that inhabit the Libyan 
continent; the Atj3uec in the north and the AiOi- 
oireQ in the south are avroyOovec (indigenous) ; the 
<Pomice(; and 'EXXijyec are ezri^XuSec (strangers and 
invaders). 198.199. Aifivrj inferior in general fer- 

(1) See Schweighseuser's note. 

(2) See the account of the tar springs of Zante, by 
Hawkins, in Walpole's Travels in the East, &c. vol. ii. 

(3) See Heeren, Ideen, &c. chapter on the commerce 
of the Kap\rjBovtoi. 



V. 1—10.] HERODOTUS. lxiii 

tility to Evp(t)7rr) and Amy ; the small region of the 
Kiwxf/ an exception to the physical character of 
other parts of Aij3vr; : Kvprjvairi has three regions 
of different elevations, and consequently three dif- 
ferent seasons for collecting the products of the 
earth. 200. 201. The ^Egyptian army under 
Apauic, besieges Bapicri ; the ingenuity of the 
coppersmith : BapKtj taken by Persian fraud. 
202. 203. The cruelty of the woman ^eperifirj 
to her enemies ; many of the Bapicaiai become 
Persian slaves : the Uepaai form a design against 
Kvpt)vri, which is not executed ; the Atj3vec plun- 
der and kill the stragglers in the Persian army. 
204. 205. The Persian army advanced in this 
expedition as far as the EvecnrepiBai ; Aapeioc, 
gives to the enslaved Bapicaioi a village or district 
in Ba/CTjOirj ; the 'EXXiji/ec call their new residence 
Bapicti -, it existed in the time of 'HpoSoroa : the 
miserable death of QeperifJiri. 



BOOK V. 

From the conquest of OpriiKt} by Meyaj3a£o<; to the 
death of Apicrrayoprtc, of MiAj/toc. 

1.2. Meyaj3a£oq conquers the HepivOioi; the 
Ilaiovec from the ^Tpvpuv had before this time 
weakened their power : the Persian general marches 
through OpwKri. 3 — 10. The BpwKtQ a very nu- 



lxiv SUMMARY OF [V. 1 1—20 

merous nation : the Terai ( l ) ; the peculiar custom 
of the Tpavaoi : the contest among the wives when 
a man ru>v Karvirepde Kptivriovauov dies : some 
of the Qpriifcec sell their children for slaves ; they 
puncture their faces ; agriculture discreditable : 
their gods : their funeral rites and the mounds of 
earth raised over the body : the Thracian regions 
north of the larpoc ; the ^lyvvvai extend as far 
as the Eve-rot of the ASpivc ; they call themselves 
descendants of the MjjSoi ; the wise remark of 
'HpoSoroQ ; the meaning of 'Ziyvvvai in the lan- 
guage of the Ai-yvec above MaaaaXit), and in that 
of KvTrpoQ : the sea coast of /ot/ikij subjected by 
the Tlepaai. 1 1 . AapeioQ at *2ap$ic ; he gives to 
'Lrnaioc a grant of land on the ^rpvfxhiv, called 
MvpKivoa HSeuvtc ; Kwrjq is made rvpavvoc of Mi- 
TvXrjvrj. 1 2 — 1 5. The two brothers and the Paeo- 
nian woman : Aapeioc is struck with the beauty of 
the Pseonian woman and her industry ; the Tlai- 
ovec, descendants of the Tevicpoi from Tpoia : Aa- 
peioc sends orders to Me-y«j3a£oc to bring to him 
to 2ap&c all the Xiaiovec, : some tribes of the ITai- 
ovec are carried into Aair\. 16. The names of those 
Tlatovec, who were not taken by Meyaj3a£oc ; their 
usages. 17. Meyaj3a£oc sends to Afxvvrr^Q king 
of Ma/ceSoMir/ to demand earth and water; the 
mine near the lake Ylpaaiac ; the revenue from it 
to A\e%av$poc. 18 — 20. Apwrm entertains the 
liepaai ; the strangers require the females of his 
family to be present at the banquet ; the licentious 
behaviour of the Persian envoys : A\eZav$poQ the 
(1) See Book iv. chap. 94, &c. 



V. gl—34.] HERODOTUS. lxv 

son of Afivvrrja recommends his father to retire : 
he introduces men in women's apparel and mas- 
sacres the TLepaai. 21. 22. A\e%av$poc, stops all 
inquiry into the matter by bribes, and by giving 
his sister to Bovfiapric the Persian general sent to 
investigate the affair: HpoSoroc, ( l ) promises to 
prove in another place that the descendants of 
Hep^iKKYfc are EAA)?i>ec ; AAef avSpoc allowed to 
be of Hellenic stock by the arbiters of the games 
at OXvfnrir}. 23. 'lariaioc begins to build on the 
banks of the *2rpvp.ii)v ; the advice of MeyajSa^or, 
to Aa/oeioc 24. 25. Aapeioc decoys Igticuog to 
^ap^iQ ; and takes him to ^2ov<ra : Apra(pepvY\c t 
the governor of 2apSic; the story of ^Kra/nvriG. 
26.27. OravriQ the successor of Meyaj3a£oc, com- 
mander in chief on the sea coast ; he takes Bu- 
Zavrtov, Ka\yri$(jt)v, and other towns ; Ar\fxvoQ and 
IpfipoQ inhabited by YleXaayoi as late as the time 
ofAa/oeioc: both of these islands subdued. 28. 
29. Nafoc at this time the most flourishing of all 
the islands ; MiA>?toc the most prosperous town 
of \h)vir\ : MiXrjroc indebted to the Uapioi for re- 
storing tranquillity, two generations before the 
age of AapeioQ. 30. 31. Fugitives from Na£oc 
apply to ApiffrayopriG, the deputy governor of 
Mi\r)TOG, in the place of 'Ioticiiog ; his motives 
for listening to their prayer : he persuades Apra- 
(j>epvriG to aid in restoring these Na^toi to their 
country and their property. 32 — 34. Aapeioc is 
informed of the proposal ; he is pleased with it, 
expecting to possess the islands; two hundred 
(1) See Book viii, chap. 137, &c. 
f 



lxvi SUMMARY OF [V. 35—42. 

TpiypeeQ prepared ; Meyafiarric the Persian com- 
mander : ApKTrayoprjQ and MeyafiarriQ quarrel ; 
the Persian informs the Na£ioi of the design of 
the expedition : the Uepoai spend four months in 
a fruitless blockade of Na£oc, and then retire. 
35. ApiarayopriQ after this failure is in great dif- 
ficulties, and unable to pay the expenses of the 
expedition ; he meditates an insurrection against 
the Tiepaai ; he is encouraged by a message from 
'Io-Tiatoc conveyed by punctures on the head of 
a slave. 36. Apiarayopr\c deliberates with his 
friends ; EfcaTcuoc o XoyowoioQ argues against an 
insurrection ; this having no effect, he recommends 
them, if they determine on war, to seize the trea- 
sures which Kpoi(TOQ had deposited in the temple 
of the B/oay^t&u : this good advice was rejected. 
37. 38. The rvpawoi of Iwvirj are seized in the 
encampment at Mvovc, and given up by Apiara- 
yopriQ to their respective cities ; iaovop.ii\ (political 
equality) is proclaimed at MiXtitoq : Kwryc of Mi- 
TvXrivri is put to death by his subjects ; Apicrra- 
yopris goes to ^iraprr] to ask for assistance. 39. 
40. KXeojuevrjq king of ^iraprr) ; the order given 
by the e(j)opoi to his father Ava^avSpiSric to take 
a new wife : the second proposal of the e(j>opoi 
and yepovres ; Aya%av$pi$ric takes another wife, 
and keeps the first wife also : KXeojuei/rjq the son 
of this second wife ; the e(f)opoi attend at the de- 
livery of the first-married wife, suspecting some 
fraud; she has several sons. 42. KXeojuevr/c is a 
madman; Awptevc the eldest son of the first- 
married wife leaves ^iraprri in disgust ; he takes a 



V. 43—52.] HERODOTUS. lxvii 

colony to Kivvxp in Ai(3vi/, from which he is driven 
by the Ma/ceec, Atj3uec, and Kap^ijoWiot. 43. Aw- 
pievQ returns home, and by the advice of the HvQiri 
sails for 2i/ceA«? ; the prophecies of Aoio^C 1 ). 
44 — 46. The 2vj3a/otToi say that Atopieva aided 
the Kporu)vir}rai in taking 2vj3apiq ; the different 
story of the Kpor(ovirirai : the proofs which each 
party give of their respective accounts ; the tomb 
of Atopievc on the banks of the dry KpaariQ : the 
surviving friends of AwpievQ fall in battle against 
the Qoivucec, and E*ye<rraioi of 2eKeAi?j ; ILvpvXewv 
seizes Mivwri. 47. 48. $>i\nriroG of Kporwv an 
exile from Kporwv ; he goes to Kvprjvri ; after- 
wards he joins the expedition of Awpievc in a 
galley of his own, manned at his own expense ; 
his victories at OXvfxiriri ; the Eyea-rcuoi honour 
him with a tomb after he had fallen in the battle 
against them : KXeopevric; dies early, leaving a 
daughter Topyto. 49. ApiarayopriQ visits this 
KAeojuei^jq, taking with him a map of the world 
on a plate of copper ; his speech to KXeofievrjQ. 
50. 51. The questions of KXeo/jtevrjQ to Apiara-* 
yopris ; he orders Kpiorayopnc, to leave ILtraprr) ; 
the Ionian endeavours to bribe the king : he is 
compelled to withdraw from ^iraprr). 52. 'H/oo- 
Sotoc describes the great road of the king from 
2a/oStq to 2ov<ra; the number of ara9p,oi is 1 1 1 ( 2 ), 

(1) These words ek twv Adlov xprjfffiwv do not signify 
that there was a Actios, who was one of the numerous 
prophets of 'EKXas : they may signify, as they probably 
do, prophecies preserved by Actios, and transmitted by 
oral tradition or by writing. Compare Book v. 90. 

(2) Srofy/o* re iravrayj) ettrt fiatnXrjiot, kcii KareiXv- 

f 2 



lxviii SUMMARY OF [V. 53—63. 

and the number of houses (khans) for resting at is 
the same. 53. 54. The TrapaaayyrjQ is equivalent 
to 30 stadia ; at the rate of 150 stadia each day 
the journey from *£ap<$iG to 2ov(ra takes ninety 
days: 2ou<ra is called Me^uvovioy aarv. 55. 
56. ApiarayopriQ visits AOrjvai ; 'linrapyoQ the 
son of UiGHJTpaTOQ (*) : the vision of 'Iirirapyoc,, 
and the two aenigmatical Hexameter lines ; the 
oveipoiroXoi (dream interpreters). 57 — 61. The 
Phoenician origin of the Tecpvpaioi, to which family 
belong Api<rroyeira)v and 'A/o/uo&oc, the murderers 
of 'lirirapyoc, : KaS/xoc and his followers intro- 
duced ypafifxara (alphabetic characters) into EA- 
Aa<;; the ltovec, change in some degree the form 
(pvOfjioi;) of these characters ; skins of goats and 
sheep used as materials for writing on ; why the 
Iwyec call /3uj3Aoi by the name $t(j)Qepai : 'H/ooSo- 
toc saw Ka$jui)ia ypafa^ara in the temple of AttoA- 
\u)v I<Tp.T]vioG at Qrifiai of the Boio>toi ; the in- 
scription and its supposed age : another inscrip - 
tion, supposed to be of the age of OiSlttovq o Aaiov : 
a third inscription ; its age ; the fate of the KaS- 
^teioi ; the peculiar rites and temples of the Te(j)v- 
paioi at AQrivai. 62. 63. After the death of 'Shr- 
Trapyoc, his brother 'l7T7rir?c becomes more cruel 
and oppressive ; the exiled A\K/,iatwvi^ai contract 
with the AfjicpiKTvovec to rebuild the temple of the 
Ae\(j)oi : their satisfactory performance of the con- 
tries KaWuTTai. Corap. Book viii. 98. and Marco Polo's 
account of Kublai-khan's posting establishment. Kerr's 
Voyages and Travels, vol. i. 
(1) Compare QovkvS. i. 20. 



V. 64—73.] HERODOTUS. lxix 

tract gives them influence ; they induce the UvOiri 
to urge the AaKeSaifiovioi to liberate AQrivai ; the 
unsuccessful attempt of A y^ijj.oXioc against Ady vai. 

64. KAeojicevijq in a second expedition routs the 
Thessalian cavalry, the allies of 'Ittttitiq, and be- 
sieges the rvpavvoi in the reiyoc, HeXaayucov. 

65. The HeiffKTT pari^ai capitulate and retire to 
2iyeiov, after their power had lasted thirty-six 
years ; the genealogy of the Tlei<n<TTpaTi$ai. 

66. Increasing power of ABr\vai ; the rivalry of 
KXeiaOevriG and \aayopr\c, ; the genealogy of Lra- 
yoprja unknown, but the family sacrifice to Zevc 
KapioQ i K\ei<r9evriG increases the number of<j)v\ai 
from four to ten. 67. 68. In this he imitates his 
mother's father, KXeKrOevrja of *2ikvo)v; the history 
of this KXeiaOevriG; he forbids the Homeric paxpw- 
$oi from exercising their vocation in *2ikvu)v ; the 
rpayiKoi \opoi at ILikvwv in honour of ASpriaroQ : 
KXetaOevrici changes the names of the Sicyonian 
(j)v\ai. 69. The reason why the Athenian KXei- 
adevriG changed the <f)v\ai from four to ten ; the 
ten (jyvXap^oi. 70 — 72. laayoprjc sends to KXe- 
ojuievrjci for assistance against KXeioQevriG : the story 
of KvXwv and the evayeec ; the irpvravic; twv Nav- 
Kpapu)v( l ) : KXeojuewjc and Yaayopr)c, expel 700 
families {eiriaria) from AOrivai ; the resistance of 
the j3ovXi? ; the Aojpieec and the A^aiot not the 
same people; T^ur?<ri0eoq the Delphian. 73. KXec- 
aOevriG and the exiles restored ; the Ad-qvaioi, fear- 
ing KAecyievrjq, ask assistance from Apra<frepvr)Q 
the governor of *2ap$ic, ; the mission to the Per- 

(1) See the note in Schweighaeuser's edition. 



Ixx SUMMARY OF [V. 74—87. 

sian. 74 — 77. The combination of the IleXo- 
ttovvtichoi, the Boto>Toi and the XaXfccSeec against 
AOrjvai : the Peloponnesian army dispersed by the 
disunion of the two Spartan kings ; the law of 
^waprrj in consequence of this : the four expe- 
ditions of the Aw/oieec into Attiktj : the Adyvaioi 
defeat the Boiwtoi and XaXiciBeeQ ; the AQr\vaioi 
leave 4000 icXripovyoi (settlers) in the region of 
Evj3oi?? that belonged to the iTnro^orai (the horse- 
raisers (*) or breeders) ; 'HjooSotoc saw at AOrivat 
the chains of the captives suspended on the walls 
burnt by the MijSoi ; the four horses of copper 
and the chariot ( 2 ) in the A/cjoo7toXcc ; the inscrip- 
tion. 78 'HjooSotoc shows the advantages which 
result to a community from the equal distribution 
of political power among the free citizens (ior\yo- 
piri). 79 — 81. The 9rjj3aiot obtain assistance 
from the Aiyivt}rai against AQ^vai ; the Aia/ctSai : 
the Aiyivr\rat plunder <£>aXr//)oc, and the TrapaXirj 
(the sea-coast) of Attiact? ; 7ro\e/j.oQ aKrjpvKroa. 
82 — 85. The cause of the enmity between the 
Aiywr}rai and ABrjvaioi ; the olive-tree of Attikyj ; 
the EmSavpioi obtain permission to make two 
statues of olive-tree wood : the Aiyivrirai steal 
them from JLmSavpoi; : the ABtfvaioi demand them 
back from Aiyivr? ; the Athenian mission to Ai- 
yivr) and their account of the matter. 86.87. The 

( 1 ) The word, as to its import in a political sense, 
means the land-holders (yeiofjiopoi) , the rich, the ruling 
party. 

(2) Havoavias (Book i. chap. 28) calls this work of art 
Simply apjja. 



V. 88—95.] HERODOTUS. Ixxi 

account of the same transaction by the Aiyivvirai 
and A/o-yeioi : the Athenian women kill with the 
Trepovai( l ) of their dresses the single Athenian 
who returned alive from the expedition against 
Aiyivt] ; the Athenian women, on account of this, 
are compelled to adopt the Ionic dress, which re- 
quires no wepovai ; remarks on the lac, Kaeipa, 
and AwpiKri eodw yvvaiKuv. 88. The large 7re- 
povai which the women of Apyoc; and Atyiv>y wore 
in the time of 'H/oooVroc ; the origin of the fashion. 
89. 90. The Aiy ivr\rai, on account of the old 
quarrel, gladly join the Bocwtoi ; the Aa/ceSaijuo- 
vioi discover the collusion of the AXk/jlclkoviScii and 
the TLvQir) ; the xprjfffxoi (prophecies) which KAe- 
ofievrjc carried off from the Athenian AKpowoXta. 
91. 92. 'iTrmriQ is invited from Siyetov by the 
AaK€$aip.ovioi to attend a congress of the IleXo- 
wovvt)<noi at 27ra/0Ti? ; the ^iraprinrai propose to 
restore 'l7T7ri??q to ABrtvai : the long speech of S&xn- 
KXeijc of KopivOoc against the measure ; this speech 
contains the history of KvipeXoc the rvpavvoc ( 2 ) of 
KopivOoc, and of his son TlepiavSpor,. 93. 'lirmw 
returns to Si-yetov, having quoted and urged in vain 
his interpretation of the prophecies which KAeo- 
pevriQ had taken from the AKpowoXiQ. 94. 95. The 
offers made to lirirnnQ by A/mwrrjc, and by the 
QeaaaXoi ; Si-yeiov had been taken by YleiaiaTpa- 

(1) The wepovri is the pointed metal, or the tongue of 
a buckle or clasp. 

(2) Uavaavias (Book v. chap. 17, &c.) gives a minute 
description of a curious specimen of ancient art, which he 
calls the XapvaZ, of Kv\pe\os. 



lxxii SUMMARY OF [V. 96—108. 

tog from the M.irv\r}vatoi ; his illegitimate son 
HyrimorpaTOC : AXkcuog the poet of MituA?ji>»?. 
96. 'iTnnrjG applies to Apracpepvrjc, which was the 
cause of an embassy to the Persian from AOrivai. 
97.98. At this crisis Apiarayopr]G arrives at ABrj- 
vai ; the AOnvaioi vote twenty ships for the aid of 
the Itovec : Apiarayoprja returns to MlXt/jtog ; he 
persuades the transplanted Uaiovec, whom AapeioG 
had placed in <t>pvyiri, to run away ; they escape to 
HaioviT). 99. 100. Five rpwpeeG from TLperpirj 
join the Athenian ships and sail to MiAtjtog : the 
Iwi^eq join the squadron ; they sail to Ec^eo-oq and 
take Zapdtc 101. 102. Most of the houses of 
^ZapSiG made of reeds or straw; some built of 
bricks, with straw or thatched roofs ; the town is 
burnt ; the river Ucikt(i)\og a branch of the 'Ejo- 
IxoG : the temple of Kvj3»?/3»j 7 a national goddess of 
the Avdoi, is burnt ; the battle at E<£e<roq between 
the Tlepaai and the Iwvec ; the defeat of the latter ; 
Si/iomSrjc 6 KyioG mentioned. 103. The AQr\vaioi 
refuse to give further aid ; the IwveG prosecute the 
war, and take BvZavnov. 104. 105. The Kvirpioi, 
except the ApaQovaioi, join the Ionian cause, and 
revolt from the M»?Soi on the advice of Ovri<n\oG : 
the indignation of AapeioG when he hears of the 
destruction of 2ap&<;. 106. 107. The interview 
between 'Ioticiiog the Ionian and the Persian king; 
'lanaioG deceives the king ; the island ^LapScj : 
'Io-Ticuoc is allowed to go to Iwviri. 108. The 
affairs of KvjrpoG during this period ; OvtjgiXog 
besieges ApaOovG ; the Uepaai land an army near 
2aXajutr f in Kv7TjOoq, and the <t>oivuceG, who com- 



V. 109—121.] HERODOTUS. Ixxiii 

posed their navy, cruize about the Keys (KAqcoec, 
a point of land) of Kvirpot ; an Ionian fleet comes 
to aid OvrjffiXoG. 109 — 1 13. The speech of the 
rvpavvoi of KvirpOG to the Iowec; to koivov ru>v 
Ia>»>a>»>, the general or federal government of Iwviri : 
the Persian and Cyprian forces in the plain of 
^iaXajULiQi a Kap the viraaTnarr)Q (shield-bearer) 
of Ovt/tTiAoc ; the Carian's stratagem : the Iwvec 
defeat the 3>oii>t/cec in a naval battle ; the Uepaai 
gain the battle on land ; the horse of Aprvfiioc, : 
the Kovpieea a colony from ApyoQ ; Ovr^aiXoc falls 
in the battle ; <&i\oicv7rpoG commended in the e7rea 
(verses) of 2oXa»>, who once visited KvrrpoG. 
114. The ignominious treatment of the body of 
Ov?/ffiXoc by the A/maQovaioi ; the subsequent 
honours paid to him ; 'HpooWoq visited Ap.a- 
Qovq(}). 115. The I(jjvec sail back to Iomrj, and 
KvnpoQ again becomes a Persian province. 116. 
117. The Persian generals divide their forces, and 
attack the various Hellenic towns of Acrwj : Aav- 
piariQ takes AapSavos, YlepKurr), and other places ; 
he advances against Kapiri, hearing of the union 
of the I<x)V€Q and Kapea, 1 1 8 — 120. The debates 
of the \h)vec, and Ka/oeq at the white pillars (Xev/cai 
ffrijXai) on the banks of the Mapavaa ; the con- 
federates are defeated by the TLepaai after a bloody 
battle ; the Zevc ^rparioc of the Kapec, : another 
defeat of the confederates at Aa(3pav$a in Kapit) ; 
the losses of the MiAqoioc. 121. Aavpiaria loses 

( 1 ) The concluding words of the chapter seem to sig- 
nify that 'HpoSoros speaks from his own personal know- 
ledge. 



Ixxiv SUMMARY OF [VI. 1—6. 

his life by an ambuscade of the Kapec 122. The 
successes of 'Y^uerjq, another Persian, against the 
AioXeec of IXiac,, and other EXXr/veq ; the Tepyi- 
Bai descendants of the apyaioi Tevicpoi. 123. The 
success of Apratyepvr\c and Oravrjc 124 — 
126. Apiarayopr\c being alarmed, proposes to fly- 
to 2ct/o$a>, or to WlvpKivoc, : E/caraioc o \oyoiroioc 
recommends the fortification of Aepoc, a small 
island near MiXijroq : Apiarayoprjc, occupies Mvp- 
kivoq with some troops ; he and his soldiers are 
destroyed by some QpriiKec whom they were 
blockading in their town. 



BOOK VI. 

From the return of lariaioc to SapSic, to the death 
qfMiXna^rjQ. 

1.2. \ariaioc, at ^EapSic; Apra(j)epvriQ makes 
known to him his suspicions of his treachery : 
'lonaioc, escapes to the island Xioq. 3. 4. The 
Iwveq exasperated at lanaioc,; he pacifies them 
by a lie : the traitorous correspondence of some 
Tiepaai in 'EapSic with lariaioc, ; Apra(j>epvriQ 
detects it and puts many liepaai to death. 5. The 
MiXriaioi will not receive 'lariaioc into the city ; 
he obtains some ships from the Ae<rj3ioi, and with 
them takes his station at BvZavnov ; he robs the 
vessels as they sail from the Hovroc,. 6. The Hep- 



VI. 7—19.] HERODOTUS. lxxv 

<rat blockade MiAijroq by land ; a navy composed 
of Phoenician, Cyprian, ^Egyptian and Cilician 
ships occupies the sea. 7- — 10. The congress 
at Uavitoviov ; their determination ; Aa^rj a small 
island near MiXnroc : the confederate Hellenic 
fleet before MiXrjToc consists of 353 ships : the 
combined fleet of Aapeios consists of 600 ships : 
the proposals made by the Tlepaai to the Iwvec 
through the exiled and deposed rvpawoi ; the 
proposals rejected. 11. 12. The prudent advice 
of AiovvmoQ the commander of the <J>a>/cae€C : the 
daily nautical exercises of the Greek fleet; the 
sailors grow tired of this strict discipline. 13. The 
2ojiuoe observing this, turn traitors, and make a 
secret agreement with the Uep<rai through AiaKijc 
their former rvpavvoa. 14 — 16. The great sea- 
fight of MiAt/toc ; the Samian ships, with the ex- 
ception of eleven, sail off during the action ac- 
cording to the concerted scheme : the Xioi with 
their hundred ships fight desperately, and at last 
retreat after great loss : the hard fate of the Xioi 
who drive their ships ashore at MvkoXyi, and march 
towards E^)e<yoq. 17. Atovvaioc sails off to 2uce- 
Aitj, which he makes his head-quarters ; he robs 
the ships of the KapyriSovioi and Tvptrrjvec, 18. 
1 9 . The Tlepaai take MiXrjroc after a difficult 
siege in the sixth year, reckoning from the insur- 
rection of Apiarayopric : the prediction of the 
UvBiri relating to Apyoc, and MiAijtoc, in Hexa- 
meter verses ; 'H/ooSotoc promises to explain in 
another place the part relating to Apyoai 1 ). 
(1) See Book vi. 77. 



Ixxvi SUMMARY OF [VI. 20—32. 

20. The MiX?j<Tioi who survive are sent to IZovaa, 
and placed by Aapeioc; at Ap.in\, which is on 
the EpvOpa OaXaaoa near the mouth of the Ti- 
yp-qc, ; the liepaai occupy the city and the plain 
of Mi\t)tog; the Kapec; UySaaeeG are allowed to 
hold the upper country. 21. The Spapa of <&pv- 
viyoq, entitled MiXrjrov aXwtnc, (the conquest of 
MiXtjtoc,) acted at AQrivai ; its success ; the re- 
ward of Qpvviyoc,. 22 — 24. Many of the 2a/uioi 
and some of the surviving MiXrjmoi sail to "SiKeXiri 
on the invitation of the Zay/cXaioi : they find the 
Zay/cXatoi occupied in besieging a town of the 
native 2i/ceXoi, and they treacherously seize Zay- 
kXtj ; the villainy of 'IinroKpaTriG of TeXrj : 2/cu- 
OrjQ the fiovvapyoQ of the Za-yfcXcuoi escapes into 
Aairi to Aapeioc, who esteems him much. 25 — 
28. Thus the ^a/Moi, when they had left their home 
in Atrer/, gain possession of a noble city in 2i/ceXi»/ ; 
the <&oivik€G restore Aia/crjc to ^a/jLOQ : 'IcTiatoq 
hearing of the fall of M(Xt/toc entrusts his piratical 
business at BvZavriov to a man of Aj3v&oc ; he 
attacks and defeats the miserable Xtoe : the belief 
of 'H^ooSoroc in signs and prognostics : 'Icrriatoc 
with some Itjvec and AioXeec attacks Qaaoc ; he 
sails to Aecj3oc, and lands near Arapvevc to get 
provisions ; 'Apirayoz a Persian takes 'lariaioc 
prisoner. 29. 30. 'Ioticuog being taken prisoner 
by a Persian asks for mercy in the Persian lan- 
guage, and tells his name : ApracfyepvriQ puts 
'Igtuuog to death ; the sorrow of Aapeios. 3 1 . 
32. The Tlepoai take Xiog, Ac(t/3oc, and TeveSoc; 
their mode of catching all the inhabitants of an 



VI. 88—40.] HERODOTUS. ixxvii 

island : the handsomest youths in the captured 
states are made eunuchs ; the girls are sent up to 
king Aapeioc;; this was the third subjugation of 
IomTj. 33. The Uepaai enter the EX XriairovroQ ; 
the Hellenic towns on the European side ; the 
BvZavrioi and XaX/crjcWoi fly from the Phoenician 
navy, and build ^Aeoajifipiri in the Eu£eivoc ; KapSirt 
the only city of the "KepaovriaoQ that is not sub- 
dued by the Qoivucec,. 34. MtXi-taSqc o Kcjuwvoq 
tov ^rrjcrayopew at this time rvpavvoa of the Xe/o- 
aovr)GQQ; the AoXoyfcot OpriuceQ and their former 
visit to the Uvdiri. 35.36. MiXnaoNjc o Kvifie\ov x 
who belonged to a family that could afford to 
maintain four horses and a chariot, invites the Ao- 
XoyKott to his house in Adrtvai : he goes to the 
Xepcroyrjcroc with the AoXoy/coi and some AOrivaioi ; 
he builds a wall from KapSiri to UaKrvri^ 1 ). 37. 
38. MiXriacNic taken prisoner by the Aap.ipaKr\- 
i>oi ; the threat of K/ooicroc to the Aap.\paKt}voi : 
MiXriaSrjG receives after his death the honours 
usually paid to an ouciarriG, leader or founder of a 
colony ; his nephew ( 2 ) ^rricfayoprjG succeeds him ; 
the assassination of ^rrtaayoprjc* 39. 40. 2tij- 
aayopr\Q succeeded by his brother MtXrto^a ; 
'HjooSotoc promises to mention in another place 
the circumstances of the death of Ki/utov the father 
of MiXticio\jc ( 3 ) ; MiXtioSijc marries a Thracian 

(1) See Eevo((>(i)v. 'EWrjviKa. Book iii. 2. 10. on the 
wall of AepKvWidas. 

(2) Tr)i> apyrjv re Kai ra ^prjfiara 7rapa$ovs Sr^«ra- 
yopr) r$> Kijjlwvos a$e\<peov Tcaidi 6 ^.OfJirjrpiov. 

(3) See Book vi. 103. 



lxxviii SUMMARY OF [VI. 41—53. 

woman : MtXrtaS?/c obliged to fly from the 2*v0ai 
who were irritated by the invasion of Aapetoq; the 
AoXoy/eoi restore him. 41. MiXriadvQ hearing 
that the <&oivuceG are in Tevedoa sails to AOrivai ; 
his son MyrioyoG is taken and sent to Aapeioq, 
who gives him a house, property, and a Persian 
wife. 42. The prudent regulations of Apratyepvr\G 
in \<s)vn) ; his survey, and taxation. 43. 44. Map- 
Sovioq o Twfipveu) commander in chief, establishes 
democracies (Sri/uLOKpariai) in the Ionian cities; 
he crosses the c EXX»j<r7re»>Toc with a great force 
intended to act against ILperpir} and AQr\vai : he 
takes Ochtoc and subdues the M a/ceSoveq ; his fleet 
wrecked about Adas. 45. The Bpvyoi GpijiKec 
attack MapSovios in MaiceBoviri ; the Persianiarmy 
returns to A<jir\. 46. 47. The mines of Gcuroq ; 
their gold mines at ^Kcnrrr) ' Y\r) on the main land : 
'HpoSoroQ had visited the mines of Gacroc ; the 
<&oivucec the first who worked them ; the Qaaiot 
compelled by AapeioG to destroy their fortifications 
and to surrender their ships. 48 — 51. Aapeiot 
asks for earth and water, the symbols of complete 
submission, from 'EXXac : many of the -nireipwrai 
and all the vtiauorcu give earth and water ; the 
Aiyivrjrai make this surrender ; the AOrivaioi go 
to Hjraprri to complain of it : KXeo^ievrjc one of 
the Spartan kings goes to Aiyivrj to seize the ad- 
visers of this measure ; his reception there : Ar/- 
fiaprjroc the other king of ^Traprr\. 52. 53. Di- 
gression on the Spartan history and polity ; Apt- 
GToSrifjLoc;, and his two sons HLvpvaOevriG and TJpo- 
kXtjg ; the Lacedaemonian account of them : the 






VI. 54—67.] HERODOTUS. lxxix 

different story of the other 'EXXtjyeq ; the leaders 
of the AwpieeG, reckoning upwards from &avar\, 
the daughter of Akjohtioc, were genuine Aiyvirrioi. 
54-— 55. TlepaevQ, according to the Uepaai, an 
AcrcrvpioQ, who became a *EXX»?v ; the ancestors of 
AKpiGioc, were Aiyi/7rrioi : 'H/oooWoq refers to other 
writers for the history of these AcyvTrriot. 56 — 
60. (*) The privileges of the two Spartan kings; 
the sole power of making war( 2 ) vested in them : 
their privileges in time of peace, at feasts, at public 
amusements ; the YlvOioi, their duties ; the respect 
paid to the kings at private entertainments ; the 
judicial powers of the kings : the ceremonies usual 
at the death of a king ; these usages compared 
with those of the fiapfiapoi of Amy ; the 27rajt>- 
rirjrai distinguished from the other inhabitants of 
the country AaKeSaipuyv : other usages, on the 
death of a king, resembling those of the Hepaai : 
'Hpo&OTOc compares three castes of the Aa/ce&u- 
fiovioi with those of Aiyvn-roQ. 61. 62. Apiaruyv 
the father of king ArjjLiaprjToc ; his two barren 
wives; he falls in love with another man's wife : 
the way in which he obtains possession of her. 
63. 64. Ai/jua/oijToc the son of the third wife, but 
perhaps not the son of Apiarwv : Aityiapr/Toc suc- 
ceeds Apiarwv ; the enmity of KXeojuevijq and A?j- 
fiapr\roQ. 65—67. KXeojxevriQ and AevrvyjiSriQ 

(1) Compare with chap. 55—60. #evo0wv on the La- 
cedaemonian polity, and those parts of the IloXtrtJca of 
ApiffToreXris in which he treats of the same subject. 

(2) Compare Qovicvdicris. Book i. chap. 87. 88. The 
EfCfcX^o-m on that occasion decides the question of war. 



lxxx SUMMARY OF [VI. 67—83. 

form a combination and declare that Ar}fiapr}roc 
has no right to be a king of ^iraprri : the ^wap- 
Tirirai consult the UvOiri ; she is bribed by KAe- 
opevriG and declares Ari/mapriroQ not to be the son 
of Apiary. 67 — 69. Ar\fxap7]Toc, deposed ; Aeu- 
TvyjL&r}c, takes his place ; he insults Art/LLaprjToc; : 
the deposed king entreats his mother to tell him 
who is his father : her answer, and her remarks 
on the period of gestation. 70. Ar^a/or/Toq flies 
to ZcikvvOoq; he visits AapeioQ, who gives him 
land and cities (*) ; the character of ArifxaprfroQ. 
71. 72. The children of AevrvyjL§riG : the Lace- 
daemonian expedition to QeaaaXit), the corruption 
of AevTV*fci$r)G; his flight from 'Eiraprrj, and his 
exile at Te-ye^, belong to a later period. 73 — 
75. KXeo/nevrjQ and Aevrv-^i^rjc demand of the 
AiyiyrjTcu ten of their principal citizens, whom 
they deliver up to the AOrivaioi : KXeojuevijc, his 
villainy becoming notorious, goes to BetreraXci? ; 
he returns to ApicaSir), and collects a body of Ap~ 
KaSec, for an attack on ^irapTti ; the fountain of 
2tu£ at Nwvaicpic, a city near Oeveoc : KAeojuerr/c 
restored to ^Zwaprv on the old terms ; he goes 
mad, and is put in the stocks ; he kills himself in 
a very original way. 76 — 83. Some account of 
the excesses of KXeojuevrjG and his violation of 
things sacred; the At/mj 2tv/*<£»?Ai»; and the river 
E/oatrivoc ; K\eop.evr)C, transports his troops from 
Qvper} to Nav7rAirj : the oracle given to the Apyeioi 

(1) And a wife also, we may presume, for the Persian 
king's bounty was generally complete. See Eevotywv. 
Avafl. Book ii. I. 3. and 'EWyjviKa. Book. iii. 1. 6. 



VI. 84—93.] HERODOTUS. lxxxi 

and MiAtjotoi ; the expedition of KXeo/uevrjc into the 
country of the Apyeioi : the Apyeioi defeated : the 
fugitives burnt alive in the grove of the hero Apyoc, : 
KXeo/mevtic orders the EiXwreq to whip the priest 
of 'Hpa : the E(f)opoi accuse him of bribery on his 
return ; his defence : ApyoQ being deprived of her 
citizens, the slaves become the masters ; the con- 
test between the slaves and the sons of those who 
had perished in the late war. 84. The embassy 
of the 2/cu0ai to ^iraprr) ; the object of it ; the 
2/aj0cu teach KXeo/ueurjc to drink hard ; the opinion 
of 'HpoSoroq about the tragical death of KXeo- 
p.evrjQ. 85. 86. The Aiyivqrai claim their ten 
citizens from the ^LirapTir)Tai : Aevrvy&r)Q goes 
to AOrjvai and asks for them ; the story of rXau- 
koc ; the AOrjvaioi keep the ten men of Aiyivri. 
87. The Aiy ivr\Tai seize ofTSowiov the vavc, Qetopic 
(the sacred ship)( 1 ), containing the first citizens 
of Adnvai. 88 — 90. ~NiKo$po(iOG, a man of Aiyivtf, 
agrees with the AOrjvaioi to surrender Aryivr/ to 
them : the AOrivaioi not a match at sea for the 
Aiyivnrai ; they procure ships from KopivOoo ; the 
law of KopivOoQ does not allow grants or donations 
of public property ; the mode in which the law 
was evaded on this occasion ; the AOrjvaioi come 
too late ; Nt/cofyxyioc and some discontented Aiyi- 
vr\rai are allowed to settle at 2oimov; they plun- 
der the Aiyivnrai ; these transactions belong to a 
later period. 91 — 93. The massacre in Aryivr/: 
the reason why the Apyeioi send no public relief 
to the Aiyivrirai during an invasion by the AQri- 
(1) See the beginning of the $aidtov of UXaruv. 



Ixxxii SUMMARY OF [VI. 94—107. 

vaioi ; ILvpvfiaTyc, an Apyeioc, had killed three men 
in single combat ; EvjOuj3aTTjc, loses his life in Aiyivri 
in a single combat with Sox^emjq o AeKe\evc;( l ) : 
the Aiyivrirai obtain a naval victory over the AOrj- 
vaioi. 94 — 96. AapeioQ appoints Acme, a MijSoc 
to -yeuoc, and his nephew Apra(j)epvr)Q, com- 
manders of the new armament against JLperpia 
and AQrivai : they sail from 2a/xoo ; and take 
Nafoq ; the temples and the city are burnt. 97. 
98. Acme, does not allow his army to land at 
AtjXog ; Aaric, puts 300 raXavra of XifiavdJroc 
on the altar : \wvec, and AioXeec, in the army|of 
Aaric, ; the earthquake at ArjXoc ; HoocWoc; in- 
terprets the three Persian words Aapeioc,, He/of yc, 
Apra^ep^riQ. 99 — 101. The Kapvorioi of Ev- 
fioiri surrender : the siege of ILperpia ; treachery 
in the city : the battles under the walls ; the city 
taken ; the temples burnt ; the citizens enslaved. 
102. *l7nriric conducts Auric, and his army to the 
plain of MapaQwv, the nearest point in Attiki) 
to TLperpiy. 103. Ten commanders in the Athe- 
nian army at Mapadwv ; MiXi-iac^c one of them ; 
the history of his father Kifid)v ; the burial place 
of KijucDV and his victorious mares : MiXria^q ; 
his double escape ; he is chosen a arparr\yoc, 
by the Sr^uoc. 105. 106. <&ei§nnn§r)c, a pro- 
fessional runner is sent from A0t)vai to ^.waprrj ; 
his interview with Uav : he arrives in ^iraprri on 
the second day ; he asks for aid from ^iraprri ; 
their custom, as they say, prevents them from 
marching immediately. 107. The vision of 'Itt- 
(1) See Book ix. 75. 



VI. 108—120.] HERODOTUS. lxxxiii 

trine ; his prognostics on the field of MapaOwv. 
108. The TLXaraieec join the AOrivaioi with all 
their forces ; the origin of the friendship of the 
AOrjvaioi and YlXaraieec;. 109.110. The ten arpa- 
rriyoi are divided in opinion ; the iroXeiaap'^oc, at 
this period had an equal vote with each of the ten 
generals : KaXXc/xa^oc being convinced by the 
arguments of MiXriaSr/c gives the casting vote 
for an immediate engagement. Ill — 113. The 
TroXejuLapxoQ according to usage commands the 
right wing ; the order of the battle : the AOrivaioi 
were the first 'EXXrjyec who successfully resisted 
men clad in the Medic dress : the Tlepaai and 
the 2a/ccw victorious in the centre ; the wings of 
the Asiatic army defeated ; a complete rout en- 
sues. 114. The death of KaXXi/mayot ; the 
desperate fighting of Kvvaiyeipoc; 6 TLv(j)opi<0voG. 
115. 116. The fiapfiapoi lose seven ships ; with 
the rest they sail round 2ovi/iov, intending to sur- 
prise AOrivai ; they fail in this attempt and return 
to Acrirj, 117. The loss on both sides ; the story 
which EiriZriXoc told 'HpoSoroc about losing his 
eye-sight in the battle. 118. The vision of Aa- 
tiq ; his superstition ; the gilded statue of AttoX- 
X<*>v, which the $>omk€g had carried off from 
AijXtoi/ to QrifiaHov. 119. 120. AapeioQ places 
the captives from ILperpia at ApSepuaca in Ktc- 
criri, near the spring that produces asphaltus, 
salt and oil; the EperpieeQ retain their habita- 
tion and their language in the time of 'H/oo- 
Sotoq : the AaKe$aip.ovioi 9 after the full moon, 
march at a great rate to AOrivai ; they pay a visit 
g2 



lxxxiv SUMMARY OF [VI. 121—131. 

to the field of battle. 121 — 124. 'Epodoroc re- 
fers to the report (see chap. 1 15.) of the AX/c^uai- 
amSai acting in concert with the Tlepaai ; KaX- 
XiriQ bought the property of the exiled HeKJiarpa- 
roc, at public auction : the exploits of KaXXiijc ; 
his wise behaviour about the marriage of his 
three daughters : 'HjooSotoc refutes the calumnious 
charge of treachery made against the AX/cjuaiwi>i- 
§ai. 125. The history of the family of the AXk- 
fiaiwviSai ; the presents of K^ooktoc to AXk/ulcihov; 
the curious way in which the Athenian loaded 
himself with gold. 126. 127. Ayapiar-q the 
daughter of KXeiaOevrjG rvpavvoc, of IZikvwv ; her 
father being at OXvjunrir) invites to ^ikvwv all the 
'EXX^ec who wish to contend for the honour of 
his daughter's hand : the suitors from ItciXitj, the 
Iovioq koXttoqO, AiTwXia, theIIeXo7rowJ7(7oc, AOrj- 
vai, EjoeT/ou?, OevGaXiri, and the MoXoaaoi. 128. 
The suitors spend a year at ^lkvwv ; 'IinroKXeiSric, 
of AOrivai the favourite with KXeurfleyrjc 129. A 
great feast at the end of the year ; 'l7nroK\ei$ric, 
gets drunk, and dances himself out of favour with 
the rvpavvoc ; his Athenian and Laconian steps ; 
he stands on his head and capers with his feet in 
the air. 130. 131. KXeiaOevriG gives his daughter 
to Meya/cXerjq the son of A\Kjuaiwv : KXeiaOevrjc, 
who increased the number of Athenian <j)v\ai, 
springs from the union of Ay apiary and Meya- 
K:\eric, ; TIepiKXric, the son of EavOnnroQ on the 
mother's side, descended from this KXeiaOevrjc 

( 1 ) ETriSa/jLvos, according to the Geography of 'Hpo- 
Zotos is in the lovios ko\7tos. 



VI. 132—140.] HERODOTUS. lxxxv 

132. 133. MiXTiaS»?c after the victory obtains 
seventy ships from the Aflrjvcuot, promising to 
enrich them : he sails to TlapoQ, and asks for a 
hundred raXavra ; it is refused, and the city is 
blockaded. 134 — 136. The Parian account of 
the siege ; the advice to MiXriaSrjc of a female 
Parian captive, employed in one of the temples of 
UapoQ ; Mi\ria$r)G injures his leg : MiX-ria&jc 
after a fruitless siege returns home ; the Hapioi 
consult the TLvOir) about the punishment of the 
Parian woman : McXna^c is tried for his failure ; 
Hav0i7T7roc his great enemy ; McXrcaSqc is fined 
fifty raXavra ; he dies, and his son Kijulcov pays the 
fine. 137 — 140. A short account of the capture 
of Ari/uvoQ by MiXriaSrjc is subjoined to this book ; 
the TleXaayoi built the wall round the AicpoTroXiGj 
and received as their reward the lands at the foot 
of 'Y/iTjo-o-oq ; they are banished from Atti 07 ; the 
two different accounts of this transaction ; 'E/ca- 
raioc; quoted : the AOrjvaioi and the other 'EXXrjvec, 
had not yet acquired any slaves : the UeXaayoi 
settle in ArifivoQ ; they steal Athenian women ; 
the massacre of these women and the children 
which the TLeXaayoi had by them ; origin of the 
expression, Ar\fivia epya : the lands and animals 
of ArjjuvoQ struck with sterility ; the YlvOirj con- 
sulted; the DeXacryot visit AQrivai; are unwilling 
to resign Ar\jAvoc„ except on terms which seem 
to amount to an impossibility : MiXnaSr/c per- 
forms the apparently impossible conditions ; the 
island becomes Athenian property. 



lxxxvi SUMMARY OF [VII. 1—11. 

BOOK VII. 

From the death of MtXria&jc to the battle at Oep- 
poirvXai. B.C. 480. 

Compare Aiolagos 2/ksTi. Book xi. 

1 . AapeioQ hears of the battle of MapaOiov ; 
great preparations during three years for another 
invasion; Aiyvirroc revolts. 2. 3. The eldest son 
of Aa/oetoc, who was born before Aapeioc was king, 
disputes the succession with Hep^c, who was born 
of another woman after his father became king : 
the advice of Ar]fxapr}roc, the Spartan to He/of tjq ; 
he is acknowledged by Aapeioc as his successor ; 
Aroaaa, the mother of Hepf»?q, governs Aapeioc,. 

4. Aapeioc; dies after a reign of thirty-six years. 

5. 6. MapSovioc advises Ee/ofr/c to prosecute the 
war against AQ-qvai : advice of the AXevaSai and 
Uei(Ti(TTpaTi§ai to 'Bep^rjQ ; the AXevaSai are kings 
of QeaaaXiri; QvofiaKpnoc, an Athenian and an 
interpreter of the prophecies of Movcraios (which 
he had on one occasion interpolated), assists the 
TLeKTiarpariEai in deceiving Ee/o£r?c 7. Kiyvtrroc, 
subdued ; Ayaip.evr)c, a son of AapeioQ the new 
governor ; A^aifxevrja some time after is slain by 
Ivapwa the Libyan (*). 8 — 11. Se/ofrjc calls an 
assembly of the Persian nobles ; his long speech 
on the invasion of EXXac : MapSovioc approves of 
the intentions of aep^rjc : the long speech of Ap- 

(1) Bookiii. 12. Compare OovkvZ. i. 109. 110. and 
AioSwpos SifceX. Book xi. The events to which 'Upocoros 
here alludes took place in the reign of Ap-afrplrjs I. 



VII. 12—24.] HERODOTUS. lxxxvii 

raflavoQ, the uncle of aep^ric, in which he en- 
deavours to dissuade the king from his European 
expedition : Se/o^r, expresses his indignation at 
Aprafiavoc, and declares his resolution to punish 
the Adrivaioi. 12. 13. Hep^c goes to bed and 
begins to approve of the advice of Aprafiavoc, ; a 
vision threatens him unless he prosecutes the ex- 
pedition : he neglects the warning of the vision, 
and on the following day announces the change 
in his opinion. 14 — 16. The vision appears again 
to aep% r}c,y and threatens him; the king is alarmed 
and sends for Aprafiavoc; ; his proposal to his 
uncle : his uncle's speech in reply. 17. 18. Ap- 
raflavoc puts on the royal robes, and sits on the 
king's throne ; he sleeps in the king's bed, and is 
terrified by the same vision : Aprafiavoc, tells his 
dream ; he no longer opposes the European ex- 
pedition, but earnestly recommends it. 19. An- 
other dream of Hepf r\c, ; the favourable interpre- 
tation of the May oi. 20. 21. After the second 
conquest of AiyvirroQ four years are employed in 
making preparations for the expedition against 
AOrjvai ; the armament far exceeds all others on 
record ; the expedition of the Mvaoi and Tevtcpoi 
before the Troic war into Eu|oa>7r»7, and as far as 
the lovioc iTQVToc, and the river Iir\veioc,. 22 — 
24. The canal dug across the laOjuoc of A0a>c, 
which is in breadth twelve stadia ; the nature of 
the ground ( l ); the towns of A0ojq( 2 ) ; 2av*j an 

(1) Compare QovkvI. Book iv. chap. 109. Cramer's 
Greece, vol. i. page 258, &c. 

(2) Sctvij on the laO/ios : Aioy, OXo^u^os, AkpoOwov, 
Quaeros, KKeiovat in the Peninsula. 



lxxxviii SUMMARY OF [VII. 25—39 . 

Hellenic town on the IctOjuoc : the mode of digging 
the canal ; the superior ingenuity of the <$>oivucec : 
the motives which 'HjooSotoc supposes to have 
induced Hepf 17c to dig this canal ; the bridge over 
the ^rpv^asjv. 25. The Qoivucec, and Aiyu7TTiot 
are ordered to furnish ropes of the fivfiXoc and of 
XevKoXivov (*) for making the bridges ; the places 
used as depots of provisions. 26 — 29. The army- 
assembles at KpiraWa in KcnnraSoKiri ; crosses the 
' AXvq and marches to KeXaivai : JJvOloq a rich Ly- 
dian merchant entertains aep^rjc and his army : the 
Lydian gives the king an account of his money in 
gold and silver coin, and makes him an offer of it : 
He/o£ijc instead of taking it gives him more. 30. 
3 1 . The salt lake of Qpvyiri ; the river Avkoq near 
KoXoaaai flows under the ground for five stadia ; 
KvSpapa the boundary of Qpvyiri and AvSiri ; the 
column of Kjoottroq, and the inscription : the prepara- 
tion from the fmvpiKrj (a shrub) and flour, resembling 
honey, which is made at KaWarrj^oc ; the great 
plane tree (irXaraviaroc). 32. Aep^rjQ at Sap&c. 
33 — 35. The coast of Stjo-toc on the 'EXXijctttw- 
toc : the two bridges from AfivSoQ to 2t?(xtog, seven 
stadia long ; a storm breaks them down : the foolish 
behaviour of Eepf tig ; the superintendents of the 
works are beheaded. 36. Description of the mode 
of constructing the bridge of boats over the 'EX- 
\r\airovroQ. 37. The canal of A0a>c completed ; 
the mounds at each extremity of it ; a great eclipse 
of the sun. 38. 39. UvOioq the Lydian requests 
aep&iG to allow one of his five sons to stay at 

(1) Literally "white flaxj" it might be some flax of 
a superior quality adapted for making strong cords. 



VII. 40—60.] HERODOTUS. lxxxix 

home : the cruel behaviour of the king. 40. The 
order of the march ; the sacred horses from Nto-a 
in MrjSia; the sacred chariot of Zevc drawn by 
eight white horses. 41. The guard of aep^tic ; 
the 10,000 foot soldiers; and horsemen. 42. 
43. They march to the river Kaiicoc ; through 
Arapvevc,, Kapivrj, the plain of 0??j3»7, to the IXiac 
yrj ; the lightning on mount IS17 : the ^Kafxav^poc; 
the Ylepyafxov of Hpia/uLOQ ; a thousand cows sacri- 
ficed to ASrivair} v IXiac. 44. 45. HepfrK sur- 
veys his army from a seat of white marble which 
the AfivSriv 01 had erected ; the sham sea-fight on 
the 'EXX»j(T7roi/Toc ; the <&oivik€q of 2iSwv victo- 
rious; the monarch weeps. 46 — 52. The reason 
why &€p%r}Q weeps : the long conversation between 
the king and his uncle AprafiavoQ, on the prospects 
of the king and the possibility of failure. 53. Ap- 
Tafiavoc, returns to 2oi/<ra to be the viceroy in the 
king's absence. 54. 55. The ceremonies before 
crossing the bridges ; the prayer of 'Bep^Q to the 
sun ; his offerings to the 'EXXnffTrovroc * the order 
of crossing the bridges. 56. The main body of 
the army cross over with the lash threatening them ; 
seven days and nights spent in the passage of the 
army over the bridges. 57. 58. The superstition 
of 'HpoBoroQ; two omens mentioned, unfavourable 
to the king : the fleet moves out of the 'EXXr;o-7roi/- 
toc, ; the army marches through Ayoprj, past Aivoc 
an iEolian city, and the lake ^revropia, to Ao- 
piGKOQ. 59.60. The plain of AopiaKoc through 
which the 'Ej3jooc flows ; the fort of Ao/oiotcoc was 
built by AapeioQj and manned by a Persian gar- 



xc SUMMARY OF [VII. 61—69. 

rison ever since the Scythian expedition : the 
amount of the forces of the respective nations is 
unknown ; the sum total of the foot soldiers is 
1,700,000; the mode in which the troops are 
measured by ten thousands. 61. The names of 
the different nations and the description of their 
armour ; the Uepcrat ; their armour. 62. The 
Mr^Soi wear the same armour as the TLepaai, who 
in fact had adopted the Medic fashion ; the MrjSoi 
once called Apioi ; the Kio~<rioi ; the YpKavioi. 
63. The A<T(jvpioi armed with clubs ; the 'EWrivec 
call them Svpioi, but the fiapfiapoi denominate 
them Aaavpioi ; the XaAScuoi are ranked with 
them. 64. The helmets of the BaKTpioi very 
nearly resemble those of the 2a/cat ; the Tlepcrai 
call all the 'ZkvQcu, 2a/cai. 65. The IvSoi are 
clothed in cotton ( J ), and armed with a bow and 
arrow. 66. The Apioi with Medic bows ; in other 
respects like the Bcikt/oioi ; the UapOoi, Xopacr- 
/luoi, HoySoi, TavSapioi, Aac\/cai, armed like the 
Baicrpioi. 67. The Kclgttioi clad in great cloaks 
(perhaps skins); the 2a/oayyeu in dyed garments; 
their large ire&tXa ; the TlaKTvec, like the Kaamoi, 
clad in aiavpvai, and armed with a bow and ar- 
row. 68. The Ovrioi, Mvkoi, and UapiKavioi y 
armed like the TlaKTvec,. 69. The Apafiioi armed 
with bows ; the AiOco-irec clad in skins of the lion, 
and the irapSaXtc; (perhaps the panther) ; their 
arrows pointed with a sharp stone : these were 

(1) el/jLara euro lv\ov perhaps may be better explained 
to signify cloth made of the inner rind of trees, or from 
reeds or other aquatic plants. Compare 'llpoc. Book iii. 98. 



VII. 70—82.] HERODOTUS. xci 

AiOioirea from the country south of AiyvirroQ, 
70. The AiOiowec of Amy classed with the IvSoi; 
the Ai0io7rec of Aairj have long straight hair ; the 
Ai6i07T€Q of Aifivri, very curly hair ; the strange 
armour of the Asiatic ASiottcq. 7 1 . The Aifivea 
clad in skins or tanned hides. 72. The Ilac^Aa- 
yoveG ; their helmets made of interwoven vegetable 
matter ; the Aiyvec, Manr/voi, MapiavSvvoi, and 
^vpoi, armed like the Yla(j)\ayov€Q ; these Supot 
called KcnnraSoicai by the Uepaai. 73. The <frpvyeQ 
armed nearly like the Ha<f>\ayovec ; the <&pvyec, 
originally a tribe from the neighbourhood of Ma- 
kcSoviy) ; their old name was Bpiyet ; the Apfie- 
vioi are a colony of Qpvyec 74. The AvSoi armed 
nearly in the Hellenic style ; their original name 
Mri'iovec ; the Mvaoi descended from the Avdoi ; 
called OvXvpmrivoi, from the mountains of Ov- 
XvfjLTTOQ. 75. The Opj/i/cec of Acmj, with fox-skins 
on their heads, and boots of deer-skin ( x ) ; these 
OprjiKea were called ^rpvpovioi while they occu- 
pied the banks of the ^Tpvjuiwv; when they passed 
into Aair) they were called BiOvvoi. 76. The name 
of a nation omitted in the text ; their armour. 
77. Kafir)\e€G oi Mqiopec armed like the KiAi/cec; 
the MiXvai. 78. The Moayoi', the Tifiaprivoi, 
Mcucpiovec, MoGvvoiicoi, armed like the Moayoi. 
79. The Mapec; the KoXyoi; the AXapo&oi and 
the ILaaireipec armed like the KoA^ot. 80 — 
82. The islanders of the Erythrean sea; the 
ava<T7ra(TToi (transported people) are placed in 
some of these islands : the subordinate officers of 
(1) Like the mocassins of the North American Indian. 



xcii SUMMARY OF [VII. 83—91. 

the army: the chief commanders. 83. 'YSapvric 
commander of the band of 10,000, called the 
AOavaroi ; their privileges ; their concubines at- 
tend them ; their separate provision stock carried 
on camels and other animals. 84 — 87. The na- 
tions that furnished cavalry ; the Tlepaai : the 
2a-yctjOTioi, in language a Persian tribe ; as to 
their armour, a compound of the Yiepaai and the 
UaKTveQ; they use only a leather rope with a 
noose at the end, and a dagger in battle ( l ) : the 
Mt7§oi and the Kitroioi ; the IvSoi, some in cha- 
riots, some on single horses ; horses and wild 
asses yoked to their chariots ; the Bct/cr/noi and 
Kacnrioi ; the Aifivec, ; the Kaaireipoi and the 
UapiKavioi ; the Apafiioi mounted on camels : the 
cavalry amounted to 80,000 ; besides camels and 
chariots. 88. The ^linrapyoi ; the accident that 
happened to <&apvovyr\c 89 . The Tpir\peic, amount 
to 1207 ; the $>oivi/cec and the Svpoi of TLaXaia- 
Tivrj ; the limits of UaXaiGTivri ; 300 ships fur- 
nished by these people ; the Aiyvirr ioi supply 200. 
90. The KviTpioi furnish 150; the different na- 
tions or tribes in Kvtt^oc are five; those from AOrj- 
vai and 2aXa/utc ; those from ApKadirj ; those from 
the island KvOvoq; those from <&oivaai ; and those 
from AiOioiriri, as the Kv-rrpioi say. 91. The Ki- 
XiKec furnish 100 ships; the YlajuKfrvXoi 30; the 
TiajUL(j)v\oi use Hellenic armour; they are de- 
scendants of some of those who left Tpoir) with 
KaX^ac and A/lk^iXo^oc after the capture of IXiov. 

(1) Compare this with the South American lasso. 
Hall's South America. 



VII. 92—100.] HERODOTUS. xciii 

92. The Avkloi supply 50 ships ; they were called 
Tep/iuXai in Kpr^rr} ; the origin of the national 
appellation of Avkioi( 1 ). 93. The AwjOieec of 
AtriTj, 30 ships ; UeXo7rovvt](TOQ their parent coun- 
try ; the Kapec, 70 ships : for an account of the 
KapeQ, 'H/ooSotoc refers to his first book( 2 ). 
94. The Iwvec, 100 ships ; this nation while they 
occupied the country now called Ayaiir\ were 
named TLeXaayoi AiyiaXeec ; the origin of the 
term Iwveq. 9 5 . The vrjaiu)rai (the small islanders) 
supply 1 7 ships ; these people of Pelasgic stock ; 
their name changed to Ionic; the AioXeec, 60 
ships ; the AioAeeq once called ITeXao-yot, as the 
'EAArjvec say ; the 'EAArjoTrovrioi (the AfivSrivot 
excepted), together with some 'EAXr/yec from the 
Uovtog, furnish 100 ships ; the AfivSrivoi ap- 
pointed the conservators of the bridges. 96. In 
every ship there were some Uepaai, MtjSoi, and 
Sa/cat ; the best sailing ships were those of 2io\uv ; 
every tribe and city had its national commanders 
or leaders, whose names 'HpooWoc considers it 
unnecessary to mention ; but these commanders 
had no power. 97. 98. The commanders of the 
navy; 3000 other vessels besides the 1207 rpi- 
rjpeiQ : other illustrious men not commanders. 

99, Aprcfiicnr], a woman, joins the armament with 
five ships ; on her father's side, of Halicarnassian ; 
on her mother's, of Cretan descent; her dominion. 

100. Ee/o£»/c reviews the troops; the ypajuLfxa- 
TiffTai (secretaries) register the answers to his in- 
quiries ; he examines the navy, the same way ; the 

(1) See Srpa/W. Book xiv. on the Avkwi. 

(2) See Book i. chap. 171. 



xciv SUMMARY OF [VII. 101—111. 

sources of the knowledge of 'HjoooWoc may from 
this be partly conjectured. 101. ^fxap^roc,, the 
son of ApKTTwv, the exiled Spartan king, is in the 
army ; aep% y\c asks his opinion on the probability 
of success. 102 — 104. The conversation of the 
two kings; the remarks of Ar/jiea/oijToq on the 
Spartan character. 105. 106. MaaKapriG is ap- 
pointed governor of Ao/oiotcoc : this garrison never 
surrenders to the 'EXX^veq during the time of 
'HpoSoroQ ; the presents sent by Apra^ep^vQ the 
son of He/o£»jc to the descendants of this Macnca- 
fmr}G. 107. The story of Boyrjc the Persian go- 
vernor of Hioiv, who was besieged by Kifiojv o 
MiXnaSeu) after the retreat of Se/o^c( 1 ). 108. 
109. All the nations that 'Bep&Q meets with are 
compelled to join the army; the country as far 
as QeaaaXiv was already under the power of the 
Tiepaai ; Eep^riQ marches from Aopio-/co<; to Me- 
aa/jifipiri ( 2 ) ; the Aiggoc flows between Mecrafj.- 
(3pirt and ^rpvjLirj a Thasian city ; TaWaucrj the 
old name of this district; TSpiavriKt], the present; 
this country properly belongs to the Kucovec: 
he marches past Mapwveia, AiKaia, and AfiSripa, 
Hellenic cities; the two lakes; AfiSnpa on the 
river Neo-roc ; a salt lake near Hiarvpoc,. 110. 
111. The names of the Thracian tribes, through 
whose lands the army passes ( 3 ) : the IZarpai 
never conquered; they live amidst lofty moun- 

(1) Compare QovkvS. Book i. chap. 98. and IIXov- 
-apxos. life of Ki/aiov. 

(2) which is one of the ItajioSprjiKta rei^ca of this 
district. 

(3) TlaiTot, KtKOves, Btoroves, 2a7rcuot, &ep<raioi, 
H.d(t)voi, Sarpai. 



VII. 112— 123.] HERODOTUS. xcv 

tains ; the oracle of Aiowaoc which they pos- 
sess ; the Brjaaoi the sacred caste among the 
^arpai. 112. The reiyea Uiepwv, which are 
Qaypric, and UepyapoG ; the army leaves the 
mountain range of Hayyaioc on the right; its 
gold and silver mines. 113. The army arrives at 
HiW on the ^rpvp.wv ; the Mcryoi sacrifice white 
horses to the river. 114. The army at evvea oBoi; 
nine Edonian boys and girls buried alive ; the 
story of AprjffrpiQ the mother of 'Bep^riQ. 115. 
116. The army passes ApyiXoG and UrayeipoG, 
Hellenic cities ; and arrives at AkcivOog ; the re- 
ligious respect paid by the OprjiKec, even in the 
time of 'HpoSoroG, to the road made by Bep^w : 
the king's kindness to the AkclvOioi. 117. The 
death of AprayaunG, z. Persian of rank, at A/cav- 
Oog ; his funeral ; the mound raised by the army. 
1 18 — 120. Many 'EAA?ji/e<; are compelled to spend 
all their property in providing for the army : the 
preparations at each place for the king's house- 
hold, and the rest of the army : the saying of Me- 
yaicpewv of A^pa. 121 — 123. The fleet or- 
dered to sail from Afcav0oq to Beppri ; the order 
of the march from Ao/noTcoq as far as AkcivOog : 
the fleet sails through the canal of A0wq ; doubles 
AjuweXoG the point of Topwvri ; the Hellenic cities of 
*2i6(t)viri (*) : the fleet sails across the gulf to Ka- 
vaarpov a promontory of Iia\\r\vr) ; the cities of 
naAArjyr; ( 2 ), which one was called $\eypr) ; the 

!1 ) Topiovr), Ta\r)\pos, 2epfiv\ri, Mtjicvfiepva, OXvvdos. 
2) YloTidair], A<j>vtis, Nerj IloXts, Aiyrj, Qepafiflios, 
2iKib)vr), Mevdr), Sa^. 



xcvi SUMMARY OF [VIT. 124—130. 

fleet arrives at Oc/ojutj ( l ) ; the A£ioc the boundary of 
Mu-ySovir? andBoTTiauc; the sea-coast of Botticuic 
possessed by the towns of l\vai and ITeXXa.- 124 
— 126. Aep^rjc marches across the country from 
AkclvOoq through YlaioviKr} and KprtarioviKt} to the 
E^eiSwpoc : the camels attacked by lions (Xeovreo) 
in the night : this region contains lions, and wild ani- 
mals of the cow kind (|3oec aypioi), with very large 
horns ; the horns imported among the EXXrjyec; 
the country between the Netrroc and the A^eXwoc 
is the lion country ( 2 ). 127.128. Hepf rjc at Qepfjir} ; 
the space occupied by his army ; the united streams 
of the AvSiriG and the'AXia/c^uo)v( 3 ) are the boundary 
of BoTTiauq and MaKeSowq : aep%t)G in a Sidonian 
ship visits the outlet of the riverllrjyetoc in GeaaaXiri. 
129. 130. Bea-caXirj according to tradition once 
a lake ; description of the basin of OecraaXirj ( 4 ) ; 
'HpooWoc supposes the passage of the Tl-qveioc, 

( 1 ) The cities of the Thermaic gulf adjoining llaM^ 
are, Anra^os, Kioftfipeia, Aioxu, Tiyiovos, Kctjuv//a, S/xiXa, 
Aiveia, which are included in the Kpoaaai-q x^PV- 

(2) Compare Plinius. Book viii. chap. 16. who refers 
to Apioro-eXrjs : see Apiar. Hist. Anim. Book viii. 

(3) See Cramer's Greece, vol. i. p. 220, &c. where this 
passage is misinterpreted. Compare Cramer's map of 
Greece with his 1st volume, p. 221. See 2rpa/3wr. 
Book vii. Epitome near the beginning, where the 'AXt- 
atcfiiov has a different position assigned to it. 

(4) The mountains of UrjXiov and CWa are on the 
eastern side of the basin, OvXvfnros on the north, Iiiv?os 
on the west, OBpvs on the south. The five great drains 
of this basin are, the Hrjveios, A7ri£avos, Ovoytovos, Evt- 
7r€vs, and the UafiKros j these with their united waters 
form the Hqveios, the single channel by which they com- 
municate with the sea. 



VII. 131—139.] HERODOTUS. xcvii 

through the mountains to have been effected by 
an earthquake : the king's plan for flooding the 
country again, if the OeoaaXoi had not submitted. 
131. 132. A third part of the army employed in 
clearing a road into Oeo-traXi?? over the Macedo- 
nian mountains : the Hellenic tribes that give 
earth and water to the king( 1 ) ; the solemn oath of 
the 'EAAr/yeq who resist the king. 133. No Kt?- 
pvKec; sent to ask earth and water from A6r)vai or 
^,7raprtj; the reason of this. 134 — 136. TaX- 
BvfiioQ the Kt]pv^ of Ayajne^ivdjv ; his descendants 
in ^-rraprri enjoy all the honours of the Ktjpvicriiai; 
Ta\0v(3ioQ angry with the AcuceSaifiovioi for mur- 
dering the KripviceG of AapeiOQ ; two ^,7raprirjrai 
offer to go to Bep^riQ, and to die as an atonement 
for their countrymen : their interview with *Y$ap- 
vr\c on their journey to *2ovaa : 'Bep&c pardons 
them. 137. The revival of the anger of TaX0u- 
]3ioq during the war of the rieXo7rovi/T?(xiot and 
AOrivaioi ; the sons of the two devoted men, being 
sent on a mission to A<rn?, are betrayed by 2iTaX/c»jc 
o Tripeo) and Nvp.<po$(t)poG of Af3$ripa, and taken 
to AOqvai, where they are put to death ; these 
events belong to a period much later than the 
time of Sep^cC 2 ). 138. 139. The divided con- 
dition of the 'EXX^vec at the time of the threatened 

(1) The Ge<rcra\ot, AoXoires, Evt^ves, Tleppaifioi, Ao- 
Kpoi, Mayvrjres, M^X/ees, A^atoi ol QQiiotcli, Qrjfiaioi, and 
the rest of the Botwroi except the Qeaniees, and the IlXa- 
rcuees. 

(2) Compare QovKvh. Book ii. 67. 'Hpoforos refers 
to an event which took place in the second year of the 
Peloponnesian war. 

h 



xcviii SUMMARY OF [VII. 140—152. 

invasion : the ABrfvaioi the saviours of EXXac. 
140 — 142. The answer of the HvQiri to the Athe- 
nian Qeoirpoiroi (oracle-consulters) : another long 
prophecy in hexameters : the AOrivaioi divided 
about the interpretation of the predictions. 143. 
QefxiGTOicXeriG explains the "wooden walls" to be 
a fleet; his interpretation is adopted. 144. 
145. GejuicTTOKkerjQ on a former occasion had re- 
commended the building of a fleet with the profits 
of the silver mines ( x ) of Aavpeiov, instead of a 
distribution of them among the citizens ; other 
ships are ordered when the intended invasion is 
known : the confederate 'EXX^veq send spies to 
2d|oSic, and messengers to Kprjrr}, 2iKeXi?j, and 
other places. 146. 147. The spies detected, but 
sent back safe by Be/of r\Q : Aep^rjc when he was 
at Aj3v$oc allowed the grain ( 2 ) ships from the 
TJovroc; to go to Aiyiva and the Tie\oTrovvr]aoQ ; 
the reasons for this apparent moderation. 148 — 
150. The confederate 'EXX^yec send to Apyoc to 
ask them to join the allies against aepfyic; the 
advice of the TJvOirj to the Apyeioi : the conference 
between the Apyeioi and the envoys ; the Apyeioi, 
offended by the insolence of the Spartan envoys, 
order them to leave the city ; this is the story of 
the Apyeioi : the message of AepZvc to Apyoq 
before the invasion. 151. 152. KaXXojc, the son 
of 'Ittttovikoc, who visited 2ouffct some time after, 
in the time of Apra%ep%riG, confirms the story of 

(1) See £i!evo<pu)v. JJopoi. chap. 4. 

(2) Compare 'HpoS. Book iv. chap. 1 7. on the exporta- 
tion of grain from Sicvdir), and Arjfjioffdeyrjs npos AetrTivrfv. 



VII. 153—162.] HERODOTUS. xcix 

an Argeian contract with HepfjjcC 1 ) : the singular 
comment of HjoooWoc ; his opinion of his duty 
as an historian. 153. Envoys sent to TeXwv ; 
the remote ancestor of this TeXwi/ came from IV 
Xoc a small island near Tpiomov ; the mode in 
which his descendants became hereditary lpo(j)av- 
rai (ministers) of the ydovioi Oeoi. 154. 155. 'Izr- 
noKparrjQ rvpavvoQ of TeXrt ; TeXwv one of his 
8opv(j)opoi, and afterwards commander of the ca- 
valry ; the Sicilian towns subdued by 'linroKpaTriQ ; 
Kafiapiva taken from ^vpijKovaai : 'l7nroKparriQ 
falls in battle against the 2eKeAoi at the city 
'Yj3X»? ; FeXuv by artifice and force obtains the 
supreme power ; he restores to ^vpr\Kovaai the 
exiled nobles and landholders (ya/mopoi) ( 2 ) ; the 
Syijuiog of SujOj/fcouo-at surrender the city to TeXwi/. 
156. 'Iejowv is made governor of TeXjj by his bro- 
ther TeXtov; the mode by which TeXwv increases 
the number of rich citizens in ^vpr\Kovaai ; he 
sells for slaves, to be transported out of the island, 
the §r)fioQ of the Sicilian Meyapa, and the Euj3oeec 
of SifceXtrj. 157—162. The address of the Hel- 
lenic deputies to TeXw^: his reply, and his com- 
plaints against the people of 'EXXaq; he offers 
assistance on condition of being commander-in- 
chief of all the forces : Hvaypoc a Lacedaemonian 
indignantly rejects these terms : TeXwv then sti- 

(1) Compare AioSwjo. 2iice\. Book xiv. 

(2) They were banished by the Srjfjios, and by their own 
slaves named KvWvpwi ; the meaning is, that the rich 
landed proprietors sought safety in flight from an insur- 
rection of their predial slaves, supported by the people of 
the city. 

h 2 



c SUMMARY OF [VII. 163—171. 

pulates only for the sole command either of the 
land forces, or the navy : the reply of the Athenian 
envoy to this ; the Athenian claims the dominion 
of the sea : the envoys are dismissed by TeXo)!/. 
163. 164. reXow sends Kafyioc of Kwc to the 
Ae\<poi with great treasures, which, if the king 
was victorious, he was instructed to offer to him : 
the history of this Kafyioc. whose father left him 
the rvpavviQ of Kwc ; after the defeat of Aep^rjc, 
KaS/uoG went back to 2i/ceXir/ with the money 
according to the instructions of TeXwv. 165 — 
167. Another account of this affair ; an invasion 
of the KapyriSovioi prevents TeXwv from aiding 
the 'EXX^i>ec ; 2i/ceXirj invaded by an army of 
300,000 men, consisting of 3>oivi/cec, Atj3uec, 
Ifirjpec, Aiyvec, EXktu/coi, ^apSovioi, K.vpvioi : 
some say that A/uiX>cac, the Carthaginian com- 
mander, was defeated by TeXwv, and Qripuv the 
fiovvapyoc, of AicpayaG, on the same day that 
the battle of SaXa/uic was fought: the account 
of the KapyjiSovioi ( J ). 168. The envoys call at 
KepKvpa ; the pusillanimous and disgraceful con- 
duct of the KepKvpaioi. 169 — 171. The appli 
cation to the Kprjrec ; the advice or suggestions 
of the HvOiri to the Kprjrec : the voyage of Mivwc, 
and his death at Kap.LKOG in ^iKavirj, now ^uceXirj ; 
Ypitj in I?/7rvyiTj built by the Kpqrec after the 
expedition to 2t/ceXi?j to avenge his death ; the 
great battle between their colonies and the Tapav- 
tivoi and Pnyivoi : KpriTTj being depopulated re- 

(1) Compare Aio^wpos. Bookxi. with this fragment of 
Sicilian Historv. 



VII. 172—182.] HERODOTUS. ci 

ceives a new race, principally 'EXXrjvec; the expe- 
dition to IXiov in the third generation after Mivwc, 
and its fatal consequences ; the KprjreG being re- 
minded of these calamities stay at home. 172 — 

174. The OeorcaXot send to the Hellenic congress 
at the laOfjioc of KopivOoQ, requesting them to 
dispatch a force to guard the pass of OXvfnroc ; 
Hepf rjc at this time in Aj3v£oc : a force is sent as 
far as AXoc of Ayaiiri by sea, and then marched 
to Te/unrea ; these 'EWrjvec, retreat, hearing of the 
enormous force of l Bep^ric( l ) : the GetnraXoi being 
deserted join the great king without hesitation. 

175. 176. The congress determine to defend the 
pass of Qepp,07rvAai, and to station their navy at 
Aprefiimov : description of these two places ; the 
ancient wall built at the pass ( 2 ) by the <E>wKeeq, to 
protect themselves against the OecrcxaXoi, who 
came from the Oe<r7r/owToi to seize the yrj AioXic, 
their present abode. 177. These two posts are 
occupied as soon as it is known that the king is in 
Uiepiri. 178. The HvOirj encourages the 'EXXr^ec. 
179 — 182. Ten ships of the Persian fleet sail from 
Qep/mri towards the island ^Kiadoc, ; the three guard- 
ships of the 'EXX^vec are pursued : two of them 
are taken : the men of the third, an Athenian ship, 

(1) But it is the opinion of 'HpoSoros that they were 
alarmed at hearing there was another pass into QeaaaXtri, 
that from Upper Matcedovir) through the Ueppai(3ot and by 
the city Yovvos j which route Hep'tys really took. 

(2) In this pass are the warm springs, which the country 
people in the time of 'Hpodoros called Xvrpoi, or the Kettles. 
The two narrowest parts of the pass are at AvQrjKri, and 
A\irr)voi, between which two positions Qepnoirvkai lie, 



cii SUMMARY OF [VII. 183— 191. 

escape ; the fleet at Apre/juaiov learn what has 
taken place by the beacon fires in 2/c«x0oq ; the 
fleet retreats to XaX/cic. 183. The fleet of aep&G 
takes its station at Si^iac in Mayvrjairi. 184 — 
187. The whole number of men in the rpirfpeiG 
amounts to 277,610, reckoning 230 men in each 
Tpir)pr\Q ; the number in the 7revrr)Kovrepoi amounts 
to 240,000 ; the whole amount of Asiatic and 
African land-forces is 1,800,000 ; this does not 
include the Qepairriir) (slaves, &c): the additional 
land and sea forces collected in JLvpityirn make the 
sum total of fighting men amount to 2,641,610 : 
the Qepairr\ir) and other people of all kinds H/oo- 
Sotog considers to be at least equal to this num- 
ber ; the sum total then that Hep^c led as far as 
2??7riaq and Qepp.07rv\ai is 5,283,220 : the num- 
ber of women to make bread, women for pleasure, 
eunuchs, beasts of burden H/ooSotoc does not 
venture to mention ; nor the number of Indian 
dogs( 1 ); he computes the daily consumption of 
grain in the army ; of all this multitude the monarch 
is the tallest and handsomest man. 188 — 191. A 
great storm at 2r/7riac damages the fleet of Aepfyc : 
the story of Bojorjq( 2 ) and QpeiOvir) ; the temple of 
BopriG on the IXiggog : not fewer than 400 ships 
lost in this storm; the good fortune of AfxeivoicXeriG, 
whose estates lay near to Hr\TnaG : the great loss 
in provision ships ; the storm lasts three days ; 
the religious rites of the Mayoi to calm the wind . 

(1) See Book i. 192. and Kr^ias. IkImco. chap. 5. ed. 
Lion. 

(2) Ilavffav. Book i. chap. 19. 



VII. 192—203.] HERODOTUS. ciii 

192. The 'EXXr/yec return to their station at Apre- 
fii<7iov. 193 — 195. The fleet of 'Bep^a moves to 
Atperai in the bay of the Uayacreec : fifteen of the 
king's ships mistake the Hellenic fleet for their 
own, and are taken : the former adventures of 2av- 
8(t)icriG one of the fifteen captains : the 'EXXrjvec 
send their prisoners in chains to the I<r(fyioc. 196. 
197. He/of rjq marches through 6e<7<xaXir? and 
Ayaiiri : he arrives at AXoc ; the story which the 
guides tell Hepf »jq about the sacred place of Aa- 
cfrvarioQ ZevQ; OjOt^oc and Adafxac,. 198. The 
tides in the bay of Mr?Xic ; description of the 
country round the bay ; AvriKvprj on the 'E-n-ep- 
Xn'ioc; the Avpac;, and the MeXac 199. 200. The 
city Tpr\yjLQ five stadia from the MeXac; the 
gap in the mountain through which the Ao-w- 
ttoq flows : the <l>oivi£, a branch of the Ao-w^oc, 
is fifteen stadia from Qep/xoirvXai ; at AvOrjXri^) 
is the temple of Arjfxrtrrjp A(ji(J)iktvovic,, and the 
seats of the A/mcfriKTvovec, and the temple of 
AfjL<piKTVd)v. 201. The king encamps in the 
district of Tp^ic ; the 'EXXijyec at the ITvXac. 
202. 203. The 'EXXrjvec who go to the IlvXae ; 
300 27rapTiT?Tai ; the names of the other 'EXX?/- 
vec( 2 ) : the Ao/epoi of Oirovc, and some ^wkccc join 

(1) AvdrjXrj is situated in the space between Qepfio7rv- 
\cu and the junction of the ftoiviH, with the Aauiros ; it is 
not possible to make the description of 'Hpo^oros, though 
so minute and apparently so exact, agree with the best 
modern map. 

(2) Teyerjrcu and Mamies, 500 of each ; from Op- 
Xo^ievos of ApKaSirj, 120 j and from the rest of ApKaZirj, 
1000 j from Koptvdos, 400 j from $\tovs, 200 ; and from 



civ SUMMARY OF [VII. 204—214. 

them. 204. 205. AeomSrjc a AaKeSai/uLovioG com- 
mander of these forces ; his pedigree from Hjoa- 
kXyig (*) : the death of his two brothers KXeojuevnc 
and Awpteuq elevates him to the throne ; he had 
married the daughter of his half-brother KXeo/nevriQ ; 
why he invites the 9rjj3atot to join the army at the 
TluXai. 206 — 20 8. The festival (icapveia) prevents 
the ^wapririrai from sending a larger force ; the 
Olympic games, that are now celebrating, prevent 
other 'EXXrjvec from joining the army of Aewvi- 
Sjjc : the 'EAXrjvec, except AeomSrjc and the Ao- 
Kpoi and <I>cuKeec, advise a retreat from the TlvXai 
to the laOfxoc of KopivQoc : a spy sent by Hepf 17c 
reports the appearance of the Hellenic army. 
209. The conversation of Hepfrjc and ArjfiapriToc 
about the ^jraprivrai. 210 — 212. The battle 
commences ; the losses of the MySoi and Kiamoi : 
the unavailing attack of 'Y^apvrja and the aOavaroi : 
another attack ; t le QwKeec had been sent to the 
mountain to gua d the pass. 213. ETriaXrriQ (avtjp 
MrjXievc) tells Scpf rjQ of the path over the moun- 
tains ; the future fortune of the traitor ; other cir- 
cumstances about him which 'HpoSoroq promises to 
mention afterwards ( 2 ). 214. Another story about 

the ancient decayed city of Mvn/vcu, only 80. From 6e<r- 
Treta, 700 j and from 9?//3ai, 400. 

(1) This pedigree contains nineteen names between 
Aewvt^s and 'HjocikAtjs : if we assign any probable chro- 
nological value to these nineteen generations, we shall 
not be able to place the 'RpaKXrjs, who is the progenitor 
of AeioviSrjSj as far back as the Trojan sera of Eparoadevrjs. 
B.C. 11 S3. 

(2) But these are not found in the books of 'HpoZoros. 



VII. 215— 233.] HERODOTUS. cv 

the mountain pass. 2 1 5 — 2 17. 'YSapvrjc and the 
immortal are sent over the mountains withE7ria\T»jc : 
description of the track : the Tlepeai arrive at the 
top of the mountain. 218. The <& w/ceeq, who guard 
the path, discover the approach of the Uepoai by 
the noise of the fallen leaves under their feet; the 
<P<i)Keec fly to the highest point of the mountain. 
219 — 222. Many of the 'EAXrjvec leave UvXai, 
when they hear of the mountains being passed : 
'HpoSoroQ thinks that the Spartan king dismissed 
the allies, finding that they were not zealous in the 
cause; he determines to remain in consequence of 
some verses of the UvOirj : Mcyitrrirjc 6 AicapvYiv, 
a prophet, stays to meet his death : the Qeameec, 
and Qrjflaioi alone remain with the ^7rapTivrai. 
223 — 225. The last desperate struggle at the 
IluXai : the death of Aeam&jc ; 'HpoSoroc knew 
the names of all the 300 : two brothers of He^fiyc 
fall ; the 'EAXijvec find that 'XSapvriQ is on their 
rear; they retreat, except the 9jj]3atot, to the little 
hill, on which the stone lion erected to Ae&m&jc 
now stands ; there they die fighting to the last. 

226. The good saying of Airji/eKjjq a Spartan. 

227. The names of other 'EAXr^ec distinguished 
in this battle. 228. The two arriXai with in- 
scriptions which the AptyiKTvoveq erect ; the (rrrjXrj 
of Me7t<TTn?c erected by a friend. 229 — 232. The 
story of EvjOutog and ApiaTodrj/uLoc ; Api<JTO$r}ju.oc 
regains his character in the battle at HXaraiai : an- 
other surviving Spartan is said to have hanged him- 
self. 233. The 9r/j3aioi surrender; those who are 
spared are marked with the king's stamp, to show 



cvi SUMMARY OF [VIII. 1. 2. 

that they are now part of his cattle ; their general 
AeovTia&jchas the honour of being branded first; his 
son Ev/ovjua^oc, some time after, loses his life in the 
expedition against UXaraiai^). 234 — 237. An- 
other conversation between 'Bep^rjc and Arj/ia/oq- 
roc, ; the account which Atjjuci/oijtoc gives of HirapTri 
and its citizens, 8000 in number; the Aa/ceSaijuo- 
vioi inferior to the 27ra/0TtrjTai in courage : he ad- 
vises the king to occupy the island Kvdripa ; the 
saying of XiAwv about KvOripa : the contrary ad- 
vice of Ayai/mevriG : which prevails. 238. Eep&c 
mutilates the body of Aewvic^c. 239. The Aa- 
KeSai/uLovioi knew of the intended invasion before 
the other 'EAArjvec ; ^fxapr\roQ who was in ^ovaa 
sent them intelligence of it on a wooden tablet ; 
the $e\nov SnrTvyov, the waxen tablets ; the 
odo(j)v\aK€c; (road-watchers or inspectors) ( 2 ). 



BOOK VIII. 

From the death of AeomSrjc to the proposals made 
to the AQrivaioi by MctjOcWcoc. 

1.2. The 'EXArji/ec who contribute to the for- 
mation of a national fleet: the number of their 
ships is 27 1 , besides 7revrr\Kovrepoi ; Evpv(5iadrjc t 

( 1 ) Compare QovkvL Book ii. chap. 2—5. 

(2) Compare 'Hpo^. Book i. 100, and also 123. are 
riov 6<W <\>v\aaaofievu)v. This practice of guarding the 
roads and passes is generally characteristic of despotic 
governments ; it is adopted also in Asia, as for example 
in the valley of Cashmere. 



VIII. S — 17.] HERODOTUS. cvii 

a Spartan, commander of the fleet. 3. The A0rj- 
vaioi resign their claims to the command of the 
fleet ; allusion to later events and to the conduct 
of Havaavirjci 1 ). 4. 5. The allies wish to leave 
AprefiicFiov after the arrival of the Persian fleet at 
A<j>erai; the Ev]3oeec bribe Ge/xicrro/cXe^c with 
thirty raXavra : he gives Evj0i>j3iaSi»?q and ASei- 
fxavroc, the Corinthian admiral a small part of this 
sum to induce them to stay at Apre^iiaiov. 6. 
7. The Hepaai intend to attack the Hellenic fleet; 
the irvp(f)opoG( 2 ) (fire-carrier) : 200 of the king's 
ships sent round the southern point of HLvfioiri to 
prevent the 'EXX??vec from escaping. 8. 2kuX- 
Xirjc? a skilful diver, comes from Atyerai to Apre- 
jxiaiov in a boat, and brings the news with him. 
9 — 1 1 . The design of the 'EXX^vec : the barbaric 
fleet advances from A(j)erai : an engagement which 
is stopped by the approach of night. 12. 13. It 
is now about midsummer; a dreadful thunder 
storm follows the sea fight and alarms the Asiatics : 
the 200 ships are wrecked on the rocks (ra KoiXa) 
of Evfioiri ; the remark of 'HpoSoroq on the inten- 
tions of the deity. 14. The 'EXXi^ec attack the 
/3ojo)3ajOoi at Acfrerai and destroy the Cilician ships. 
15.16. Another engagement ; these sea-fights take 
place on the same days with the battle at Qepino7rv- 
Xai : great loss on both sides. 1 7 . The Aiyvirnoi 

( 1 ) See QovkvS. Book i. chap. 95. 

(2) pride irvpfyopov -Trepiyeveardai is a mode of expres- 
sion equivalent to " a total destruction of an army, when 
not even the ' fire-cavrier ' escapes." See Eepocftov. Aa- 
KedaifjL. Xlo\tr. chap. xiii. 2. 3. and Sturz Lexicon Xeno- 
phonteum. article ( irvptyopos.' 



cviii SUMMARY OF [VIII. 18—33. 

behave best of the king's sailors on this occasion ; 
they take five Hellenic ships with all the men : 
the AOrivaioi distinguished ; KXeivirjc o AXicifiia- 
Sew an Athenian commands a ship of his own, 
manned by 200 men, all at his own expense. 
1 8 — 21 . A retreat to the southern parts of 'EXXac 
meditated by the Hellenic fleet : they kill all the 
cattle of Evfioiri to prevent the enemy from taking 
them : the oracular predictions of Baiac : intelli- 
gence arrives at the fleet of the affair at Oepp.o7rv- 
Acti ; the 'EXXijvec retreat. 22. The exhortation 
to the Iowec which QepiaroicXeric, cuts on the rocks 
about the fresh springs of Aprep.iaiov. 23 — 
25. 'ItTTieurj occupied by the Tlepaai : the foolish 
contrivance of Hepf »/c to deceive the fleet respect- 
ing the number that fell at the rivXeu. 26. Some 
half- starved ApKaSec visit Aep^rjQ, and ask for 
employment ; the information obtained from them. 
27. 28. The GecnxaXoi hate the 3>w/ceec ; the un- 
successful invasion of tfrioKic by the QeaaaXoi a 
few years before the battle at the UvXai : the ruin 
of the Thessalian cavalry on the same occasion. 
29. 30. The QeaaaXoi, after the battle at the 
IluXai, offer to avert the anger of the Tlepaai from 
the country of the <J>w/ceec, on condition of re- 
ceiving fifty raXavra of silver : the QwKeec reject 
the offer; the remark of 'HpoSoroc 31. A nar- 
row slip of Atopic about thirty stadia wide lies 
between MrjXic an d Qwkic ; Atopic, once called 
Apvowic ; Atopic; the ^rjTpoiroXic of the Pelopon- 
nesian Dorians; Atopic, is spared. 32. 33. The 
ravages of the Asiatic army in Qwkiq ; some <I>w- 



VIII. 34—42.] HERODOTUS. cix 

Keec retreat to Tidopea^) the summit of HapvYiaaoa; 
others to Ajmcjyiaaa, a city of the AoKpoi 0£oXat : the 
king marches along the banks of the Kt)(j)i<y<TOG ; the 
names of the cities destroyed; the temple of A7roX- 
Xwv at Aj3ai ( 2 ) ; the violent death of some women. 
34. The army divided into two parts ; the larger 
division with Hejofijc enters Boiwrca. 35—39. 
The smaller marches against the temple of the 
AeX<|)oi: the Ae\(j)oi consult the god ; they send 
their wives and children over the gulf into A^aiii? ; 
they occupy the summits of Yiapvr^aaoQ and the 
Corycian cave ; all the Ae\(j>oi leave the city ex- 
cept sixty men and the II/)o^Tr/q( 3 ) : the sacred 
armour is carried out of the temple by some in- 
visible power ; when the fiapfiapoi arrive at tjie 
temple of Upovr)iri Afir\vai7}, the lightning strikes 
them, and two huge fragments roll from the top 
of Wapvriaaoc, : the Democrat fly and are pursued 
towards Boiwtici ; other prodigies : the two rfpweQ 
who aid the AeX<^)oi ; 'H/ooSotoc saw the two large 
rocks that fell from Hapvr)a<joc,(^). 40. The Hel- 
lenic fleet at SaXajUtc. 41. A proclamation at 
AOrivai to leave the city ; the AQrivaioi retreat to 
Tpoi&v, Aiyiva, and ^aXa/niQ ; the great snake in 
the AicpoTroXic. 42. The increased number of the 
ships ; Ev/ouj3taSrjq still the commander ; the AOrj- 

(1) Compare Uavaavias. Book x. chap. 32 -, and see 
the description of the Corycian cave in the same chapter. 

(2) Compare Uavaavias. Book x. chap. 35. 

(3) The interpreter of the yjpriajxoi. See Book vii. 
chap. 111. 

(4) See Uavaavias. Book x. 7 : and compare the attack 
of Bpevvos, Uavaav. Book x. 23. 



ex SUMMARY OF [VIII. 43—53. 

vaioi contribute the best ships and the greatest 
number. 43. The states of the neXo7rowT7<roc 
that send ships (*); the number that each state 
sends ; all these states, except the E^juioveec, are a 
Aw/oikov and Ma/ceoVoi> eQvoQ ; the E/Ojuioveec are 
ApvoTreQ. 44. The ships of the AQr\vaioi ; why 
the UXaraieeG were not in the battle of 2ctXa/uic ; 
during the Pelasgic occupation of the country 
now named 'EXXac, the AQr\vaioi were IleXao-yoi, 
with the characteristic appellation of Kpavaoi; 
the origin of the names KeKpomSai, Adt}vaioi } 
lojvec 45. The Meycijoeeq, A/jLTrpaKiojrai, and 
AevicaSioi send ships; these three people are 
Aw^ec from KopivQoc 46. The ships of the 
islanders; 'H/oooWoc mentions the national stock 
of these islanders ( 2 ) ; the *2rvpeeQ and Kvflvioi 
are Apvoirea. 47. The Qeawp toroi form the 
northern boundary of the A/^npaKiwrai and Aev- 
KaSioi ; the Kporuvitirai, who are of Achaean 
stock, send one ship. 48. The Mr?Xioi( 3 ), 2i<j)vioi, 
and ^Eepicfrioi, are the only states of this Hellenic 
confederacy that send only 7revrr)Kovrepoi ; the 
number of ships, besides TrevrrjKovrepoi, is 378. 
49. The deliberation of the commanders at 2aXa- 
/iic 50 — 53. They hear of the arrival of aep^rjc 
in Attikv, and of the destruction of 9e<T7rem and 

(1) The Acucedainovtoi, Kopivdioi, Sikviovioi, E7rt£au- 
pioi, Tpoifavtoi, 'Eppiovees. 

( 2 ) The Aiyt vtyrai are Aiopes from JL7n$avpos ; the XaX- 
Kidees and Eperpiees are Iwves j the Ketot and Nafroi are 
lwves from Adrjvai. 

(3) The MrjXioi are of Lacedaemonian origin j the 
Hityvtoi and ^epupiot are Iwves from AO^vai. 



VIII. 54—65.] HERODOTUS. cxi 

TLXaraia : three months are occupied by the army 
of Sep^rjQ in marching from the 'EXXij^ttovtoc into 
Attikij ; the fiapfiapoi find AOwvai deserted, ex- 
cept by a few poor people, and the keepers of the 
sacred place : the siege of the aKponoXiQ ; the 
situation of the Apriioc, ira-yoc, ; the Tieiaidrpari^ai 
present at the siege : some of the fiapfiapoi scale 
the cucpoiroXiG near the temple of AyXavpoa ; the 
defenders are massacred ; the sacred place robbed 
and the whole building set on fire. 54. 55. Hepf 17c 
sends a messenger with the news to Aprafiavoc 
at 2ou(ra ; he desires the Athenian exiles in his 
army to sacrifice in the aKpoiroXiQ : the vt\oq (sa- 
cred building) of Epe^OevQ with the olive-tree and 
the OaXaaaa (a salt-wellX 1 ); the miracle of the 
olive stock. 56. The 'EXXjji/cc meditate a retreat 
from *2a\afxiG to the Iafyioq. 57.58. The opinion 
of MvYiai(f)i\oG, an Athenian, on this measure ; his 
conversation with QefiiaroKXeriG : GejUHXTOfcXeijc 
persuades TLvpvfiiaSrjQ to summon a meeting of the 
commanders. 59 — 63. The meeting of the com- 
manders ; the insolence of A^eifiavroa, the Co- 
rinthian commander, to 9e/ui(XTo/cXe»?G : the mode- 
ration and good sense of the Athenian ; his address 
to Euj0vj3iac\q : another gross attack by ASeifxav- 
toc, and the reply of GejuiffTo/cXerjc : the Athenian 
declares that his citizens will take their families 
and slaves, and settle at 2ij0iq in IraXit}, if *2aXa- 
[xiq is abandoned by the confederate fleet : Evpv- 
/3iaS»jq is convinced by this threat more than by 
the arguments of QefxiaroicXeriG. 64. 65. The 
(1) Compare Tlavaavias. Book i. chap. 26. 



cxii SUMMARY OF [VIII. 66— 73. 

confederate fleet prepare for battle; an earth- 
quake ; Atar, and TeXa^uwv, from 2aXa/uc, are 
called to aid the 'EXXjjvec; and the AiaiaBai from 
AiyivaC)'' Aij/ia/oijToq the Spartan and Aikciioq 
an Athenian in the Thriasian plain ; the cloud of 
dust from EXeu<ric, and the voice ; the interpreta- 
tion of this omen. 66. The fleet of aep^rjc sails 
from YaTiait) through the JLvpiiroc, to <&a\ripoG in 
Atti/oj ; the accessions to the army and the fleet, 
since the sea-fights and the various losses, make 
them quite as large as they were at 2rj7riac and 
OepfxoTTvXai. 67 — 69. The Persian monarch calls 
a council of war; the king of 2i<W and the king 
of TvpoQ are in the council : the general voice is 
for an engagement ; Aprefxiair) makes a speech 
against an immediate battle : He/of rjc is pleased 
with her advice, but does not choose to follow it. 
70 — 72. The barbarian fleet moves towards 2a- 
Xajuiic ; night comes on : their army moves towards 
the laOfioQ ; K\eo/j.f3poTOQ the brother of Aeom&jc 
commands the troops there ; the allies block up 
the oSoc ^Kipwvia ( 2 ) (the pass of 2/apwv), and 
build a wall across the \aQf.ioc, : the names ( 3 ) of the 
Peloponnesian 'EXXrjvec who go to the laOp-oc with 
all their forces ; the 0\vfi7ria and Kapveia (festi- 
vals) were past. 73. The seven nations of the 
Yle\oirovvr\Goc, ; the Ap/caSea and Kvvovpioi are av- 

( 1 ) See 'HpoZ. v. 80. ILavcrav. ii. 29. 

(2) See Uavaav. i. 44. Siapwvr) : and Zrpafiwv. Book ix. 
ArriKrjj S/ceipwvt^es Trerpai. 

(3) The AaKedaifxovioi, all the Apicades, the HXeiot, 
KopLvOwi, Sucvwvtoi, E7r1da.vp1.01, &\ia<rioi, Tpoifyvioi, 
'Epfiiovees. 



VIII. 74—86.] HERODOTUS. cxiii 

ro^Oovec (indigenous) ; the A^aioi merely changed 
one part of the Peninsula for another; the Awpieec,, 
AiTwXoc, Apvonec, and A»j/uviot, are of foreign stock ; 
the Kvvovpioi the only Ionic stock of the IleXo- 
Trovv^oc, ; they become half Doric. 74 — 76. 
The He\oirovvr)(jioi are alarmed, and again speak 
of leaving ^akafAic, : Oe/xi(7TO/cXei?c sends his 
trusty slave Sckivvoc to tell the flapfiapoi of the 
intention of the 'EAA^vec ; this slave is after- 
wards liberated by his master and made a citizen 
of Oearreia : the artifice succeeds ; the Tlepaai 
land a force on ^rvrraXeia a little island be- 
tween 2aXa/xtc and the main land ; their fleet 
cuts off all retreat from the 'EXX^vec. 77. The 
prophecy of Ba/ac, the truth of which 'HpoSoroq 
cannot dispute — nor will he permit any other per- 
son to do so. 78 — 82. Much disputing among 
the Hellenic commanders at 2aXa/xtc during the 
night : ApiareidriG, then an exile, passes from Ai- 
yiva to ^LaXa/mic and informs Ge/iio-To/cXe^c of the 
position of the barbarian fleet : Ge/uKrro/cXerjc is 
pleased with the news, and discloses his artifice to 
ApioreiSric; : the Hellenic captains doubt the truth 
of the intelligence : which is confirmed by a Te- 
nian ship that deserts from aep^rjQ. 83. The 
exhortation of Qe/jnaroicXeriG to the eirifiarai (the 
fighters on board the ships). 84 — 86. Two ac- 
counts of the beginning of the battle : the order 
of the battle ; the Persian word opoaayyric is equi- 
valent to the Hellenic word evepyerric : the j3a/o- 
jSapoi are defeated, though they fight better than 
usual, and with more courage than they showed on 



cxiv SUMMARY OF [VIII. 87—99. 

the coast of Euj3ot?j. 87.88. HjoooVtoc professes 
his ignorance of the particular events of the battle ; 
the courage and cunning of Aprefxiaii] : the appro- 
bation of Hepf ijc, who believed that she had sunk 
one of the enemy's ships. 89.90. Many Tlepaai 
and MtjSoi lose their lives through not being able 
to swim : some QoiviKec during the action go to 
Sep^rjQ and accuse the Iwvec of treachery; the 
gallant conduct of a Samothracian ship ; the 4>oi- 
vikcq lose their heads ; aep&c is stationed under 
mount At-yaXewc, opposite to SaXajiuq ; the ypafj.- 
fxari<JTai sit by his side. 91. 92. The fiapfiapoi 
retreat to <!>a\r)poc; : the Aiyivrirai by their bravery 
free themselves from the imputation of Mtj^kt/lioq. 
93. The Atyivrjrai distinguish themselves most in 
this battle ; the AOrjvaioi are next to them ; a re- 
ward of 10,000 ^pa^jnai had been proclaimed 
before the engagement, if any one should take Ap- 
refiKTiri alive; the queen escaped. 94. The story 
which the ABrjvaioi tell of the disgraceful conduct 
of ASeipavroG and the KopivOioi ; the opposite and 
contradictory account of the KopivOioi, who are 
supported in their story by the rest of 'EXXac. 

95. ApiareiSric, lands on ^vrraXeia with some 
Athenian 07tXitcu, and kills all the Uepaai in it. 

96. The wrecks of the ships carried by the wind 
to the shore of Arrucri called KioXiac ; the fulfil- 
ment of a prophecy of Ba/ac and MovcraioQ, and 
more particularly of one by AvcnarparoQi 1 ). 97 — 
99. He/ofjjc begins to construct a mole from the 

(1) Compare with this passage ^Tpafiiov. Book ix. Ar- 
7-107. on the temple of KwXias A^po^irtj. 



VIII. 100—106.] HERODOTUS. cxv 

main land to SaAajuis ; this is done to deceive his 
army ; in the mean time he makes preparations 
for his own flight, and sends a messenger to Eouo-a : 
description of the mode by which the Persian kings 
send messages from one part of the empire to an- 
other; HpoSoTOQ compares the transmission of 
the message from one post to another, with the 
Hellenic festival \ajULTraSri(j)opir) ; this royal post 
is called in Persian ayyaprjiov : the contrary effects 
produced at 2ovcra by the two messages. 100 — 
102. The advice of MapSovios to 'Bep^rjQ after the 
defeat ; among other things, he proposes that the 
king should return, and leave him in EAXac with 
300,000 men: Bep^w has a private interview with 
AprefiKTirt whose advice he asks : she recommends 
him to return, and to leave MapSovioc,, if he was 
willing to stay. 103. 104. Hepfrjc follows her 
advice, because it was the very thing he intended 
to do ; AprejULKTiri sails to E<^)e<7oc, taking with her 
the illegitimate sons of Hepfr/q who had accom- 
panied him : ^pp.orijxoc,, a Yl^aaevc, and a eunuch, 
is the guardian of these children ; the story of the 
priestess of AOrivairi and her great beard ( 1 ), repeat- 
ed. 105. 106. *Ep/iOTi/iO(j was in his youth taken 
prisoner and sold to Uaviuvioc;, a man of Xioc, who 
converted him into a eunuch ; this Tlaviwvioc, got 
his living by making eunuchs, whom he sold at a 
high price to the fiapfiapoi in *2ap$i(; and Ecfreaoc ; 
*EjOjuoTtjuoq becomes the property of He/of r)Q : 'EjO- 
fxoTipoc, goes with the great army to Hap§ic, ; he 
finds Tlavuovioti in Arapvevc, and takes the oppor- 
(1) See Book i. chap. 175. 
i2 



cxvi SUMMARY OF [VIII. 107—116. 

tunity of converting him and his four sons into 
eunuchs. 107. Sep^rjc sends the ships to guard 
the bridges of the 'EXXtjcttto^toc ; they mistake 
the pointed rocks of ZtvcrrvpC) f° r enemies' ships. 
108. 109. The Hellenic fleet sails as far as Av- 
fy>oc ; the deliberations there ; Ge/uKXTo/cXerjc re- 
commends an expedition to the 'EWtiairovTOG and 
the destruction of the bridges ; the opposite opinion 
of Ev/ou|3iac\?q, which is adopted : the speech of 
Qe/jLiGToicXeriG when he finds he cannot carry his 
point; he dissuades the AQrjvaioi from going alone 
to the 'EXX^(T7rovToc ; his suspected motives. 
110. ^Eikivvog, the slave of Ge/«<7To/cXeijc, carries 
a message to Eep^rjG from his master. 111. Av- 
SpoQ is blockaded by the confederate fleet ; the 
reasons for this measure : Gejuicrro/cXerjc extorts 
money from the Kapvarioi and Tiapioi ; he pro- 
bably gets money secretly from others also. 
113. The retreat of the king's army into Oeaaa- 
Xiri ; MapSovioQ selects from the army 300,000 
of the bravest soldiers. 114. The message of the 
*2iirapTir)Tai to He/of tjg in GeaaaXir) ; the monarch's 
reply. 115. 116. The retreat of He/of r/c from 
Geco-aXer/ ; famine and disease thin the numbers 
of the army ( 2 ) ; the chariot of Zevc, which He/)f tjg 
had left in MaiceSoviri on his advancing march, is 
not recovered : the story of the savage Thracian, 
the king of the BivaXrai and of KpriarwviKrj, 

( 1 ) Zioffrrjp is a promontory of Arnq in the ^jios of 
the Atfaveis. See Srpa/3wy. Book ix. Attikti. 

(2) Compare A«rxv\os, Repeat. 474—504. ed. Wel- 
lauer. 



VIII. 117— 127.] HERODOTUS. cxvii 

117. They find the bridges over the EWtiowov- 
roc, destroyed by the bad weather ; numbers here 
die of repletion ; the remnant arrives at 2a/oo\c 

118. 119. An improbable story of Se/o^c sailing 
from Hiw»> on the ^rpvfxtov : HpoSoroc does not 
believe it. 120. A proof that Hep^s passed 
through Affiripa, which is east of HiW. 121. 
122. The 'EAAr/i/ec leave AvSpoc without taking 
it; the aicpoOivia (the spoils dedicated to the gods) ; 
'HpoSoroQ saw the Phoenician ship at thelaO p,oc,(}) ; 
the colossal statue at UvQw, which was made from 
the offering to the temple ; it stands near the golden 
statue of o MafceSwi/ A\e%av$poc : the three golden 
stars, on a copper mast, the offering of the Atyi- 
vrjrai ; they are in the corner, very near the Kpr\rr\p 
ofKpoi<TOQ. 123. 124. The second prize of courage 
or excellence (apiarriia) given to Oe/xto-To/cXer/c : 
public opinion assigns him the first prize ; the 
extraordinary honours paid to him on his visit to 
Aaice$ai(ji(*)v. 125. The remarks of Ttjuo&tyioq of 
A(j)i$vai to Qe/jLiaroicXeYiG ; the reply of Qefiiaro- 
icXem. 126. 127. Aprafialoc, with 60,000 men 
conducts the king as far as the 'EWtiairovroG; he 
besieges Uoridairi which had revolted since the 
battle of ^aXa/mic : he takes OXvvOoq, which the 
BoTTiaioi( 2 ) possess, and gives the town to theXaX- 
KiSeea ; the Borriaioi are massacred near the lake. 

(1) They selected three Phoenician ships as offerings, 
or naval trophies j one was placed at the Icrdfios, another 
at Sowiov, and the third dedicated to Aias at SaXa/uts. 

(2) They had been removed from BoTTiaiis on the Ther- 
maic gulf. Compare QovkvS. ii. 99. 



cxviii SUMMARY OF [VIII. 128—136. 

128. 129. The blockade of UortBatt} ; the trea- 
chery of Ti/mo^eivoQ of ^Kiwvr), which is discovered : 
a great receding of the sea ; the Uepacu march 
over the sands towards ILiXXtjvij ; the waters re- 
turn and drown many of the fiapfiapoi ; the su- 
perstition of 'HpocWoc. 130. 131. The Persian 
fleet winters at Kv/jiti ; and in the spring moves to 
Sctjuoc, to prevent the revolt of Iwvirj : the confede- 
rate Hellenic fleet at Aiyiva ; Aevrvyj-driQ the com- 
mander; his pedigree ( ! ) from' HpcucXeriG; EavOnr- 
noQ the commander of the Adrivaioi. 132. The con- 
federate fleet is invited to liberate Iowitj ; it moves 
as far as A»?Aoq; 'HpooVroc remarks that they 
thought ^ajjLoc, as remote as the pillars of 'H/oa- 
icXeriG ( 2 ) ; the Hepaai stay at Sauoc. 1 3 3 — 136. 
MapSovioG during the winter sends Mvc, avrip Ev- 
pojTTevc yevoc, to consult the oracles : Mvq visits 
Aej3ctSeia and descends to TpocjxovioQ ; he visits 
Aj3ai in $>wKiG ; and Ismenian AttoXXwv and A^i- 
(f)iapeu)c; in 0??j3ai : he visits AwoWojv Utwoq, 
whose temple is north of the lake Kto)7raic„ near the 

(1) This pedigree also (see Book vii. chap. 204.) con- 
tains nineteen names between Aevrvx^vs and 'HpaKXerjs. 
The pedigree of Aevrvx^vs is traced to UpoKXys, and that 
of Aewvtdrjs to Evpvadevrjs, by two distinct lines, which 
unite in ApMr-odr)[ios the father of IIpo/cX^s and Evpvadevrjs. 

(2) This passage cannot be alleged as a proof of the 
universal ignorance of the 'EXXrjves about the distance 
from 'EXXas or ArjXos to the island of Va/ios, for it would 
be contradictoiy to numerous parts of 'llpocoros. To the 
sailors or soldiers from Kporuv, AevKaha, and Aprpa/aa, 
a voyage to Sa/zos would appear to carry them a long way 
from home, and would have as few charms as an expe- 
dition to the pillars of 'HpcuXe/js. 



VIII. 137—144.] HERODOTUS. cxix 

city Aicpai(j)iri • this oracle speaks in the Carian 
language : MapSovios after hearing the oracle sends 
A\e%av$poG toAOvjvai \ Apwrrjc the son of the sister 
of AXef avSpoc; and Bovfiaprici 1 ) a Persian receives 
from the great king as a present A\a(3av$a in 
fypvyirj. 137. YlepSiKKtjQ who acquired the so- 
vereignty of the Ma/ceSovec was the seventh proge- 
nitor of this A\e%avSpoG ; three brothers (of whom 
this UepSiKKtiQ is one), descendants of Tr^uei/oc, fly 
from ApyoQ to the IWvpioi, and from thence go to 
MaiceSovir) ; picture of the domestic comforts of a 
Macedonian king of that day. 138. The three 
brothers being driven from Ma/ceSowi?, live near 
the gardens of Mt&jq the son of TopSnw, and the 
native beds of roses ; they subdue Ma/eeSoyi*?. 

139. The pedigree of AXe^avSpoc from Uep^iKKrjQ. 

140. The address of AXe^avSpoc to the people of 
AOrjvaL ; in which he recommends them to make 
peace with MapSovioQ. 141 — 144. The ^Lirap- 
Tirjrai fearing the consequences of a union of the 
fiapflapoi and AOnvaioi send deputies to ^7raprrj : 
their address to the AOrjvaioi after that of AXef av- 
dpoQ : the Athenian reply to the proposals which 
A\e%av§poc brought from Mapdoviot : and to the 
*2irapTiriTai who had suspected their attachment 
to the Hellenic cause. 

(1) See Book v. chap. 21. 



SUMMARY OF [IX. 1— 10. 



BOOK IX, 



From the rejection of the proposals ofMapSovioQ by 
the AOrivaioi to the capture of ^rjaroQ. B.C. 47 8. 

1 . MapSovioz being informed by AXef av$po<; of 
the rejection of his proposals, advances from 0e<r- 
aa\iT). 2 — 4. The advice of the O^atoi to Map- 
Sovlog in BoiwTia : he rejects it and marches into 
Attikti -, he occupies AOtfvai, which he finds de- 
serted, ten months after the capture of the town 
by Hejofrjq; the irvpaoi (beacon lights): from 
AOrivai he sends Moi/jou^i&jc with proposals to the 
Adrivaioi in 2aXa/uc. 5. AvkiSwq, one of the j3ou- 
Xevrai, is in favour of referring the proposals to the 
$rjp.0G ; he with his wife and children is stoned to 
death. 6. The AOrivaioi had passed over from 
their city to ^aXa/miG because the Yie\oirovvr\aioi 
had not sent an army to assist them. 7 — 10. The 
'YaKivQia, a festival at AaKeSai/uiLJv ; the wall of 
the IgO^oq ; the address of the Athenian envoys 
to the lL(j)opoi at AaKeSaifxwv ; the Thriasian plain 
the best place in Attiktj for a battle with the 
Ylepaai : the E^ojooi defer from day to day giving 
an answer to the Athenian envoys ; 'H^oSotoc 
expresses his opinion of their reasons for this mean 
conduct : XiAeoc of Teyerj advises the lL(j)opoi not 
to displease the AOrivaioi, and induce them to join 
MapSovioc : the conduct of the Ecpopoi ; 5000 
^irapririTai, each attended by seven elXtorec, leave 
the city in the night, commanded by YlavaavirjG ; 
KXeo/iifipoToc, the father of TIavoavtriG had led back 



IX. 11—27.] HERODOTUS. cxxi 

the army from the lad/uioc, being alarmed by an 
eclipse of the sun ; and shortly after had died. 
1 1 . The envoys next day learn with surprise 
what has taken place ; they follow the army ac- 
companied by 5000 select men of the fle/otoiKoi 
AaKe§aiimovioi. 12. 13. The Apyeioi send a 
quick runner (i?/ie/)ofy)Ojuoc) to inform MapSovioc; 
of the Spartan movement : Mapdovios destroys 
every remnant of house, wall and temple in A0rj- 
vai; his reasons for retreating towards Brjf5ai. 
1 4. He enters MeyapiQ ; the most remote westerly 
country to which the Persian army advanced. 1 5 . 
MapSovioo in Botwrta ; the fortification which he 
builds ; the space occupied by his army ; Map- 
Soviog and fifty Tlepaai of rank invited to an en- 
tertainment in Qrifiai by ArrayivoQ. 16. The 
account of this entertainment which 'HpodoroQ 
heard from QepcravSpoc of Op-^ofievoQ who was 
one of the guests. 17. 18. A thousand O&zceec, 
horsemen, join MapSovioc; at 0)?j3cu ; he intends 
to punish them for not joining him sooner : they 
save themselves by their coolness and resolution. 
19. The rieAo7royv»7(Tioi at the Itrfyuoq; the AOri- 
vaioi join them at EXevcrtG ; the combined army of 
'EXAijveq arrives at ILpvOpai of Boiwrnj, and en- 
camps at the foot of Kidaipwv. 20 — 24. The attack 
of MamcrrioQ and the Persian cavalry : the resist- 
ance of the Meyapees ; they are supported by the 
AOrivaioi : the death of Maaiarioa ; description of 
his defensive armour : the contest for his body : the 
grief of the fiapfiapoi for his death. 25 — 27. The 
EAA^ec encouraged by this success move past 
Yrrcai into the TWarauc, yfj y and encamp near the 



cxxii SUMMARY OF [IX. 28—32. 

spring Fapya(j)ir} ; the dispute between the A0>j- 
vaioi and Teyeyrai for the left wing ; the arguments 
of the Tey erirai : the reply of the AOrjvaioi ; their 
references to mythic and to real history. 28. The 
AaKeSaifjiovioi to whom the dispute is referred de- 
cide in favour of the AOrjvaioi ; the names of the 
nations in the confederate army (* ) ; the ^TrapTi^rai 
distinct from and superior to the AaKedaifiovioi ; 
the numbers of the troops ; Apiarei^c, commander 
of the Athenian troops. 29. 30. The whole num- 
ber of o7rXiTatin the Hellenic army is 38,700 ; the 
whole number of \pi\oi, 69,500 ; there are seven 
ipiXoi (men without expensive defensive armour) 
attached to each ^Traprir)Tr\c,, and only one to the 
rest of the Aa/ceSaijiiovioi and 'EXXijveo : the sum 
total of the confederate troops on the banks of the 
Awttoq is 108,200. 3 1.3 2. The order of the battle 
of Mapdovioc ; the nations of Amy and TLvpwirri 
on the Persian side that are opposed respectively 
to the nations on the Hellenic side : the 'E/)juotv- 
j3iec and KaXaaipieQ ( 2 ) the two military castes of 
Aiyv-rrroc, armed with knives ; they are converted 
from sailors into soldiers ; the fiapfiapoi amount 
to 300,000 ; the 'EAArjvec in the barbaric army 

( 1 ) 1 0,000 AatceSaiiJLoviot form the right wing j of this 
body 5000 are 27raj0n?/rai, and each avrjp 2t7rapTiTjTr}s 
has seven elXwres ; the Teyerjrat, Koptvdioi, the ITort- 
$air)Tcu from Ha\\r}vr}, Apicaces Opxofievwi, ^iKviavioi, 
'EmEavpiot, Tpot^rfvioi, AenperiTai, MvKrjvaioi and Tipvv- 
dioi, $>\iacrioi } 'Ep/xtovees, TLperpiees and Sri/pees, XctA/u- 
cees, AfnrpaktriTai, AevKahoi and AvaKTopioi, IlaXees ol 
etc K€<pa\\r)vir)s, AiyivtjTut, Meyapees, IIAttraiees, and 
then the AOqj mot, forming the left wing. 

(2) See Bookii. 164. 



IX. 33—42.] HERODOTUS. cxxiii 

conjectured to be about 50,000. 33 — 35. Titra- 
juevoq the high priest and prophet in the Hellenic 
army ; by birth an HXetoc, he becomes through 
an answer of the TlvOiri a citizen of ^irapTr) : the 
story of MeXa/unrovQ, and how he and his brother 
became citizens and kings of Apyoo : TioafievoG 
and his brother the only men who were ever made 
citizens of ^iraprr\ ; the five battles which the 
^iraprairai gained through this TiaapevoG ; the 
last was the victory obtained over the AOrjvaioi 
and Ajoyeioi in Tavaypr)( l ). 36. 37. The sacred 
rites are not favourable for the EXXrjvec to make 
an attack ; they only promise success if they act 
on the defensive : the same is the case with the 
sacred rites in the army of MapSovioG ; 'H-ytjtri- 
arparoc,, an avrjp HXeeoq, the prophet in the bar- 
barian army; his romantic adventures, and his 
wooden foot ; his death in ZukwOog by the Act/ce- 
$ai/jiovioi, some time after the battle at HXaraiai. 
38 — 40. Tt[iriyevi$YiG an avr\p OrjfiaiOG advises 
MapdovioQ to occupy the passes of KiOaipwv : 
called Tpeic Ke(j)a\ai by the Boiwroe, and Apvoc; 
Ke(j>a\ai by the AOqvaioi ; the supplies of the 
'EXXrjveq intercepted : the (Bapfiapoi advance as 
far as the Agcjttog ; the cavalry provoke the 'EX- 
\rjveG. 41. 42. The confederate Hellenic army 
increases; AprafiaZoG advises Mapdovioc to re- 
treat to Qrifiai and to weaken the 'EXXijvec by 
bribes ; MapSovioc rejects this advice : and de- 

( 1 ) See the note on the words wpos I<r0fia> in Schweig- 
haeuser's edition 5 and OovkvS. i. 107, 108.' on the battle 
of Tavayprj. 



cxxiv SUMMARY OF [IX. 43—57. 

termines to fight. 43. The prophecy which Map- 
Sovioq quoted, 'H/ooSotoc says, was intended for 
the IAXvjOtoi and the E-y^eXeec; he quotes the 
prophecy of Bcwac, which referred to the battle of 
UXaraiai ; other prophecies by Movaaioc; refer to 
this event ; the QeppwSwv flows between Tavayptj 
and TXiaaa. 44 — 46. A\e%av$poQ o Maicehwu 
comes from the barbarian army in the night : and 
informs the 'EXXrji/eq of the intended attack : the 
AOrivaioi and ^7raprir\rai agree to change places 
in the order of the battle ; the reasons of this ex- 
change. 47. 48. The Bokotoi perceive this ma- 
noeuvre ; MapSovioa in consequence changes the 
position of the Tiepaai ; Tlavcravirtc with his ^irap- 
Tir\rai again occupies the right wing : the insult- 
ing message of MapSovioc to the ^-rrapri^rai. 
49. 50. The barbarian cavalry annoys the EX- 
Xrives; the fiapfiapoi are i7T7TOTo£oTai (mounted 
bowmen) ; the EXXr/vec are prevented from pro- 
curing water from the Agojttoc, ; the spring Tay- 
ya(piri is filled up and rendered turbid : the diffi- 
culties of the Hellenic army. 5 1 . They deter- 
mine to retreat to the island formed by the arms 
of the Qeporj, a branch of the Kaioiroc 52. A 
detachment of the army, that is sent to KiOaipwv 
to bring the slaves and provision collectors, flies 
to the 'Hpaiov in front of the city of UXaraiat. 
53 — 57. Uavaavwic seeing this motion, orders 
the Aa/ce$ai/ioi/ioi to follow ; Ajio^aperoQ the 
Xoyriyoc of the JJiTavr^rvG \oyoG( l ), refuses to fly 
before the enemy, for thus he terms this retreat : 
(1) See OovkvS. i. 20. 



IX. 58—67.] HERODOTUS. cxxv 

his obstinacy ; the AOtivaioi send to IIav<Tai>i?j<; to 
inquire what they shall do : the messenger finds 
ApojuKpaperoc quarrelling with TLavaaviric the com- 
mander-in-chief ; Tlavaavir\c, at last orders the 
army to move ; the AaKe^aijuovioi and Teyerjrai 
march along the higher grounds ; the ABrivaioi 
through the plain : Afiojucpaperoc is at last com- 
pelled to follow the rest, to escape from the /3apj3a- 
poi ; the river MoXoetc, and the ipov of ^r)fir\ri)p 
TLXevaiviri. 58. The speech of MapSovioc to the 
A\eva§ai. 59. 60. The fiapftapoi cross the river 
Agiottog and pursue the AaKeSaipovioi and Teyerj- 
rai : UavaaviriG sends to the Adrjvaioi to ask their 
aid. 61 — 63. The AOrjvaioi attacked by the 
'EXX??vec of the barbarian army, as they are 
moving to aid Uavaaviric ; the victims unpro- 
pitious to UavaavirtG ; he suffers some loss : the 
victims are propitious and he gains some advan- 
tage : the death of MapSovioG and the flight of 
his army. 64. 65. The victory of Yiavaavir\G ; 
his pedigree must be looked for in that of Aetovi- 
$r}G( l ); AeijLivrjffTOG kills MapSovioc ; this Aetjuvij- 
<ttoc (after the Persian wars) together with 300 
men loses his life at ^revvicXripoG ( 2 ), fighting 
against all the Meo-o^vioi : the liepaai fly in dis- 
order to their encampment and to their wooden 
fortification ; the superstitious remark of 'HjooSo- 
toc. 66. 67. AprafiaioG with 40,000 men flies 

(1) Uavffavirjs was the son of KXeofifiporos and the 
nephew of Aeiovitiqs. See the pedigree of AewviSrjs, 
vii. 204. 

(2) See Uavffav. iv. 33. 



cxxvi SUMMARY OF [IX. 68—75. 

into <f>(DKtG: the Boiwtoi in the barbaric army, 
and particularly the Qrifiaioi, fight bravely ; their 
losses. 68. 'H/ooSotoc argues that every thing in 
the barbaric army depended on the Tlepaai. 69. 
70. The runaways at the 'Hpaiov hearing of the 
victory of Tlavcravirjc come to join in the pursuit; 
the Theban horsemen meet with the Meyapeec 
and 4>Aia(rioi, and kill 600 of them, who thus die 
an ignoble death : the assault of the wooden for- 
tifications of the Hepoai ; the Teyet^rai plunder 
the tent of NLapSovioc ; the copper (jxirvr) (horse- 
manger or trough); of 300,000 men, all are de- 
stroyed except the 40,000 before mentioned, and 
3000 ; the small loss of the AaK€$atp.ovioi, Teyerj- 
rai and A0r}vaioi. 7 1 . The bravest on the barbarian, 
and on the Hellenic side ; Apio-Too\/uoc the sole sur- 
vivor of the affair at Gej0^07ruXeu fell in this battle. 
72. The death of KaWiKparvc, the most comely 
man of all the EXXrji/eq. 73 — 75. ^ujcpavrjc of the 
©\tyioc Ae/ceXen ; the story of 'EXeyrj being carried 
into ArriKt} by O^treuc ; the origin of the privi- 
leges granted to the Ae/ceXeec by the ^irapTnirai ; 
these privileges subsisted in the time of 'HoooV 
toq; reference to the Peloponnesian war; the 
lands of AeiceXerj spared in this war(*) : the story 
of the iron anchor or hook of Sw^xm/q ; another 
account of his revolving shield with the device 
of an anchor on it : the single combat of 2a>- 
(jyavrjQ and Eu/ovj3aT7?q( 2 ) ; he loses his life, some 

( 1 ) Some would refer these words of 'Upohros to Qov- 
KvfoSris, vii. 19. 

(2) See Book vi. 92. 



IX. 76—84.] HERODOTUS. cxxvii 

time after the battle of TWaraiai, at AaToq, 
fighting with the HSawoi about the gold-mines. 
76. An Hellenic woman of K<oq, who was the 
concubine of QapavSarqc, asks for protection 
from JJavffavirtQ ; which is granted. 77. The 
Mavriveea and HXetot arrive after the battle ; 
they are sorry for this, and punish their generals 
with banishment. 78. 79. Aa/mirwv one of the 
first citizens of Aiyiva advises UavaavitiQ to in- 
sult the dead body of MapSovioo : the reply of 
UavaaviriG. 80. 81. The booty is collected by 
the €i\(m)t€q at the command of UavaaviriG ; the 
great quantity of gold and silver vessels in the 
enemy's tents ; the etAarrec sell secretly many 
valuable gold ornaments to the Aiyivr\rai who 
pay for them only the value of copper articles : a 
tenth is given to the god of HvOw, from which is 
made the golden tripod that stands on the three- 
headed brazen serpent (*); the offerings to other 
deities ; the distribution of the gold, silver, horses, 
camels, and women: the share of Tlavaavir\c,( l ). 
82. The valuable furniture which Ee/o^c left for 
MapSovioQ ; the repast served up after the Per- 
sian style by order of HavaaviriQ ; the Spartan 
entertainment contrasted with it. 83. The FTXa- 
rmeec;, some time after this, find much gold and 
silver on the field of battle ; the skull that was 
found without any sutures ; an upper jaw fur- 
nished with teeth all formed of one solid bone ; 
the bones of a man five irriyjeec; tall. 84. It is 

(1) See Ilavaav. x. 13. and the note in Schweighseu- 
ser's edition. 

(2) He had yrarra Seua, (ten of each set of things). 



cxxviii SUMMARY OF [IX. 85—92. 

unknown who interred MapSovioc ; the presents 
which many persons received from his son Ap- 
tovtt}c on account of some services of this kind 
rendered to the body of MapSovioc 85. The 
'EXXijvec are buried at HXaraiai separately ac- 
cording to their nation ; the bury ing-pl ace of 
the ipevec, the young men of ^Traprrii 1 ); the 
slave and the master are buried apart ; the ori- 
gin of some other mounds not genuine ; that of 
the Aiyivrjrai is made ten years after the battle. 
86 — 88. The confederate *EXX»ji>ec march to Qrj- 
fiai to demand the citizens who are guilty of pr\- 
Siafioc; (favouring the Mede) : the address of Ti- 
/mtiyeviSriG to the Qrjfiaioi : he escapes ; the other 
principal movers in the late events are taken to 
KopivOoc, and put to death. 89. AprafiaZoG in 
OeaaaXiri ; the BeaaaXoi had not yet heard of the 
battle ; the Persian deceives them and hastens to 
BvZavnov, having lost many of his men on the 
road by hunger, fatigue, and the attacks of the 
OpriiKec. 90. The battle at MvkoXij takes place 
on the same day with that at UXaraiai ; the de- 
puties sent from Sa/uoc to Aeuru^iSrjc, the com- 
mander of the confederate fleet at A^Xoc ; their 
address to the commanders. 91. 92. AeuTu^i- 
Sr/c consents to assist the 2a/itoi against the Tlep- 
oai ; he is pleased with the propitious name (Hyrj- 
GiarpaToc,) of the Samian speaker : the covenant 
between the 2a/iioi and the 'EXXrjvec ; the sacred 
rites favourable to the 'EXXrjvec ; their religious 
guide and instructor is Ar)i(j)ovoc, of AttoXXwvitj , 

(1) See the note in Schweighaeuser ; Ipeves is a con- 
jectural reading for ipees. 



IX. 93—101.] HERODOTUS. cxxix 

a city on the lovioc koXttoc. 93. 94. The history 
of his father Eu»?vtoc, and the sacred sheep of 
AnoWuviri ; a river flows from mount KaKfiwv 
and enters the sea near the port of QpiKoc ; Evrj- 
vioq, having apparently neglected the sacred ani- 
mals, has his eyes put out; the gods are angry 
with the people of AttoWwviyi for this barbarous 
punishment : the satisfaction which Ev??vioc re- 
ceives for the loss of his eyes ; the spirit of pro 
phecy descends upon him. 95 — 97. Some sus- 
picions of this ArjicfrovoQ not being the son of 
Evtjvioq : the Hellenic fleet sails to Ha/mos ; the 
Phoenician ships of the barbaric army are allowed 
to sail homewards ; the Tieprrai resolve to draw 
up their ships on land and to enjoy the protec- 
tion of the army : their ships are drawn up at 
Mv/caAr? and surrounded by strong fortifications ; 
the temple of A»?pjT»?jO EXevcrivir? at MvKaXr) ; its 
origin and antiquity. 98. 99. The 'EXXrjvec sail 
to MvKaXrt ; Aevrv-fciBriCj with the aid of a Krjpv% 
(a professional crier, and loud speaker), from his 
ship exhorts the Iidvcg to aid the 'EXXrji/eq ; one 
of two objects would necessarily be obtained by 
this measure, either the Uepaai would distrust 
the ItjvrjG, or the Iowec would receive and follow 
his advice : the Hepaai suspect the 'Ea/uioi and 
deprive them of their arms ; the MiXrjcrioi are sent 
to guard the passes that lead to the summits of 
MvkoXti. 100. 101. The *EXX»ji/eq are encouraged 
by a supernatural^) voice which tells them that 

(1) The exact meaning of <j>r}fir}, and the synonymous 
term kAjjW in the following chapter, may be doubtful, 
k 



cxxx SUMMARY OF [IX. 102—109. 

their countrymen are at that moment conquering 
MapSovioQ in Bottom) ; the superstition of Hpo- 
Sotoc : a temple of Ari^mp EAevdivirj both near 
FIAon-acou and Mv/caAi; ; it is quite certain that 
the two victories were gained on the same day of 
the same month. 102 — 104. The battle ; the 
AOrjvaioi and those who support their wing break 
down the Persian breast-work ; the fortification 
is stormed ; the Tlepaai alone make a desperate 
resistance : the 2ajuioi and other Iwvec assist the 
EAA»jv€<; as well as they can : the MiArjo-ioi show 
to the flying /3a/oj3a/ooi roads that lead them di- 
rectly into the hands of their enemies, and like- 
wise fall on the flapfiapoi themselves ; Iwvtij a 
second time revolts from the Uepcrai. 105. 
The valour of the Adr^vaioi and of 'E/o/ioAv- 
koq ; who dies in battle, some time after, against 
the Kapvarioi. 106. The encampment of the 
fiapfiapoi destroyed ; the deliberations at 2a/uoc 
about giving to the Iwvec the lands of the me- 
dizing 'EAAijyec ; the reasons for this proposition, 
which is rejected ; the 2apoi, Xtoc, Ae<r/3iot and 
other islanders join the Hellenic confederation ; 
the navy sails to the EAA»7ff7rovToq, to destroy 
the bridges which they suppose still to remain. 

107. The quarrel of MamarvQ the brother of 
Ee/of»?c and ApravvrriQ in their retreat to 2a/o§ic; 
Apravvrtia draws his sabre to kill Ma<ri<rTr/c, 
whose life is saved by SeivayopriQ of AXacapvricr- 
<roc; EeivayopriG, as a reward, is made governor 
of KtXiKir} by Sep^c ; whom they find at IZap&Q. 

108. 109. SepZm at Sa/oSec falls in love with the 



IX. 110— 11G.] HERODOTUS. exxxi 

wife of MaaiarriG whom he solicits in vain ; to 
gain her favour he marries his son AapeioQ to 
Apravvrt} her daughter ; at 'Eovaa he falls in love 
with the daughter instead of the mother : Ajui?(t- 
rpic the wife of He/of ?/<; weaves for her husband 
a beautiful cloak, which he gives to his favourite 
Apravvrt], being bound by an inconsiderate pro- 
mise ; a present of an army is peculiarly a Persian 
kind of present. 110 — 113. AfiriarpiQ discovers 
this and meditates revenge ; the annual birth-day 
celebration when the king dresses his own hair 
and makes presents ; rvKra in the Persian lan- 
guage is equivalent to reXeiov in Hellenic; A/i»j<r- 
rpiG asks for the wife, not the daughter, of Ma- 
aicrrifc ; the king's unwillingness to surrender her : 
he sends for his brother ; their conversation : the 
wife of Mao-KTTijc is given up to Afx^arpic,, who 
mutilates her in a shameful manner : the injured 
husband attempts to escape to the BaKT/oioi and 
the 2a/cai with his sons ; MaaiarriG was governor 
of the BaKTpioi ; he and his sons and his troops 
are cut to pieces on the road by a detachment 
sent by aep&G ; this is the tragical story of the 
amour of *Bep^r\c, with his brother's daughter. 
1 14. 115. The confederate naval powers find the 
bridges at the 'EAAjjottovtoc destroyed ; the Ile- 
\o7rovvri<noi with AevTu^iSrjc return home; the 
AOrjvaioi under BavOnnroG besiege 2?j(rroq : the 
Tlepam about the 'EXXr?(T7ro^Toc had taken refuge 
in 2rj(rro<;, the strongest place in this part of the 
country. 116. Apravicrric, the Persian governor 
of 2»/<tto(; ; the burial place and sacred grounds 



cxxxii SUMMARY OF HERODOTUS. 

of the hero UpwrecnXewc at EXaiouq in the Xe/>- 
(jovtivoc ; the riches deposited there ; ApravKTW 
takes possession of them, and ploughs the sacred 
grounds. 117.118. The protracted siege ; famine 
in the city : the people eat their bed-cording ( J ) ; 
the Uepaai with ApravKTriQ and Oio/3a£oc escape 
in the night ; the place surrenders. 119. 120. Oio- 
j3a£oc is caught by the Opriucea Aipwdioi and sacri- 
ficed to nXeto-TtDjOoc, one of their native gods; 
ApravKTriG is seized near Aiyoq Uorafjioi : the 
salt fish, and the miraculous broiling of them ; 
ApravKrvQ is crucified. 121. The 'EAAijvec re- 
turn home, taking their plunder with them, and 
some of the materials of which the bridges were 
constructed; nothing more is done in this year( 2 ). 
122. Aprefxfiapric the grandfather of this Ap- 
TavKrrjQ advised the Tiepaai to change their barren 
and mountainous country for a more favoured re- 
gion, since they might choose any part of Aairj ; 
the remarks of Kvpos on the moral and political 
condition of men in fertile countries and mild cli- 
mates. 

(1) The word tovol signifies cording made of the hides 
of animals, such as the cow, the horse : strips of cow hides 
are now used for this purpose in some countries. 

(2) By comparing QovKvdifys, i. 89. we find that S^o-- 
ros was taken in the spring j the civil year of 'Hpodoros 
must then have been near a close, as nothing more was 
done in that year after the capture of Zrjoros. 



END OF THE SUMMARY, 






ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 



THE SUMMARY. 



Page xxv. note ( 2 ) : for Book iii. read Book iv. 

xlii. Chap. 110 — 112 : for 'EAAnsj read'EXhyvts. 
xlviii. for 27, 28. read 28, 29. 

li. note ( ! ) : add " and Malte-Brun, Asia, p. 487. 
trans, on the Mongol mode of dressing a sheep 
during a march or journey." 
lvi. Chap. 120, 121 : for three parts read two parts, 
lix. Chap. 158 : for l^otaet read the fountain of 

AoroAtaw. 
— Chap. 159 : after "defeat" insert " at Ig*a«." 
lxvi. for 39, 40. read 39, 41. 
lxviii. note Q) : add "and vi. 56, 57." 
lxxiv. add an note toy. 126. "Compare ®ovx.vh.iv. 102." 
lxxxiii. add as note to vi. 108. "Compare 0oyxy§. iii. 68." 
lxxxiv. Chap. 131: put a comma after " Haudnrxos" 
and erase the comma after " mother's side." 
xci. Chap. 69: before "Aid/ones" insert " AoxZtot 
and", 
ccxvii. Chap. J 20 : for AQ7et£oc%o<; read AgTuQufa. 



TABLE 

OF 

THE TRAVELS 

OF 

HP0A0T02 OF 'AAIKAPNH2202, 

IN THE FIFTH CENTURY BEFORE THE CHRISTIAN iERA. 



[This Table is founded altogether on his own work : it may 
not contain the name of every place which he visited, nor is 
it necessary that it should. When a certain position, as for 
example AsXQot in ®&)Kt<;, is determined, and Afayxt, many 
intermediate points are proved at the same time. Those places 
which some may consider doubtful are marked with a note of 
interrogation. Some positions are rendered more probable by 
combining with the evidence respecting them, the evidence 
of some other contiguous station.] 



ASIH. 
Afivfos. iv. 86, 95 ; vii. 33. 

Nearly opposite Swrro? on the ' E'h'h^a^rourog. 

Ayfiarava or E»c/3aram. Hamadan. i. 98. 

The capital of M>jW: the circuit of its outer wall com- 
pared with that of Afavcti. Its Lat. about SS .^) Long. 
48°. 

'AXiKapprjtTffos. Boodroon. i. 1. 

His birth-place in Ku^iyi. Lat. 37°. Long. 27° 30'. 

A<rica\(i)v. Ascalon. i. 105. 

Which ' H^oWo? after inquiry pronounces to contain the 
most ancient temple of Ovqmviw AQ^ohrri. 

C 1 ) The Lat. in all the places visited by 'HqoZoto*; is of course 
North ; and the Long. East, reckoned from Greenwich. 
1 2 



CXXXV1 

BafivXiov. Hillah. i. 181, 132, 183, 193. 

Describes the temple of Zsvg Brfhog ; talked with the 
priests, the Xxhlutoi. Lat. 32° 25'. Long. 44° 15'. 

~Bocr7ropos OprfiKios. Channel of Constantinople, iv. 8 1,85,86,87. 

Sailed along it : visited the cities on its banks : saw at 
the mouth of the Hourog (which is the commencement 
of the channel) the great copper vessel dedicated by 
Uuvaccvivis. 

'E\\r}(T7roi>Tos. Strait of the Dardanelles, iv. 86, 95; vii. 33. 
Sailed along this channel : visited the cities on its banks. 

E(pecros. Ayasoolook. i. 92 ; ii. 106, 10; vi. 19. 

On the banks of the river Koc'var^og -. describes works of 
art there. Chap. 92 of Book i. is useful, because it 
shows us how he distinguishes between Etpso-o.c, where 
he had seen the works of art, and B^oty^^oc/, where 
he knew them only by report. The TLegaut before his 
time had burnt the temple of the Bgaywlxi after 
plundering it. Lat. 37° 50'. Long. 27° 15'. 

Qe/jLLaKvpa ? iv. 86 ; ii. 104. 

On the <3>££fiolisiy : rendered probable by a careful study 
of these two chapters. 

IXlov. ii. 10; vii. 43. 

Compares the alluvial formation of the 2«a^«y^o? in 
this neighbourhood with the jEgyptian AsAt*. 

KadvTis. (doubtful.) iii. 5. 

A city of Ho&houaTtvv) 2y^/jj, about the size of "Sxfitg, in 
his opinion: some suppose Kxtivrig to be Jerusalem. 
Comp. 'H^oS. ii. 159. and Kings, Book ii. chap. 23. 

KoXxis. Mingrelia. ii. 104. 

On the south-eastern coast of the Black Sea : their lan- 
guage, physical appearance, &c. compared with those 
of the AiyvTTTioi. 

Kv£ikos. A Peninsula of the Sea of Marmara, iv. 14. 
Where he heard a strange story about A^arsvis. 

Av&rj. i. 93. 

Saw and measured the great mound of AAvarrnc, near 
the lake Tvyaivt. 



CXXXV11 

MaiavSpov ireStoy, The Plain of the Meinder. ii. 10. 
See IX/oi/. 

MaKpwves. ii. 104. 

Neighbours of the Ko/\#o/ : see 2vg/o/. 

riepffai. The Persians, i. 131, &c, 140. 

He was well acquainted, from personal observation, with 
many usages of the Tls^axt and the Mayot. 

Ihrovij. iii. 55. Q) 

On the Evyiuo; (2tj«/3. 614.). 
Upoirovris. Sea of Marmara, iv. 86. 

Sailed through. 

Sap^is. Sart. ii. 106; v. 101; iii. 5. 

On the UotxTtohos, a branch of the 'Egpog. Lat. 38° 35'. 
Long. 28° 6'. 

2ii>w7r»7? Sinope, or Sinub. iv. 12. 

Rendered probable by taking into account ii. 104; iv. 86 : 
he mentions LtuuTrn being on a Xsgaopwos. 

2vpin TlaXaicrTivrj. Palestine, ii. 106; ii. 104. 

He saw in ILotkotfariuvi the triumphal columns erected 
by 2i<r6»yTgtg : talked with the people on the origin of 
circumcision. 

Iivptoi, near the Gep/iwcW and the Hapdevios. ii. 104. 

Talked with them about circumcision. The Qs^aluu 
probably the Tarmeh : the HugOeviog the Bartin. 

TevdpavLrj. A district on the west coast of Asia Minor, ii. 10. 

(According to 2r^a€&i/, 615, the region between the 
Evwog and Kui'xog.) Compared with the Askra, of A<- 
yvxTog. 

Tvpos. Tyre, or Sur. ii. 44. 

Made a voyage there to inquire about the Tyrian 'Hget- 
KTiTig: talked with the priests. Lat. 33° 15'. Long. 
35° 10'. 

0) This can hardly be the Tliruvn of Aukmikyi, See 
Ilecvffecv.iu. 16. 9. Bekk. 



cxxxvin 

$>uais. Phaz or Reon. iv. 36. 

Sailed from the mouth of the <b«.aiq to the Kvetueett 
wsTQou. Mouth of 3>*ff/f, Lat. 42° K/. Long. 41° 10'. 

tboiviKr]. Part of Syria, ii. 104, 79. 

Talked with the people on circumcision. Their national 
song. 



EYPflllH. 

A/3cu ? viii. 33. 

In Q?ux.tg : contained a rich temple of kntiKhai/. 

Apdripa. viii. 120, 126; vii. 126, 109. 

On the NfffTo? in ©gw'xj? : the NWto; divided A^hvj^ot 
into two parts. In Cramer's map of Greece A£S>j§« is 
14 miles east of the river. 

Adnvai. Athens, v. 77; ii. 7; i. 98; vi. 103. 

The capital of Attw. saw the walls of the A^ovohtg 
that were burnt by the Mnloi. Lat. 38° nearly. Long. 
23° 42'. 

A\w7re*:at. v. 63. 

In Attikyi, where is the tomb of Ay %t polios. 

ATroXkwvir) ? iv. 90. 
On the Uourog. 

Apyos. Argos. v. 87, 88. 

BpevTTjffiov. Brindisi. iv. 99. 

He was acquainted with the region about it. Lat. 40° 43'. 
Long. 18° 17'. 

BvfavTiov. Constantinople, iv. 87. 

Lat. 41° 5'. Long. 28° 50'. 
Ae\0ot. Castri. i. 14, 20, 25; viii. 39; ix. 81 ; ii. 135. 

Describes the position of many votive offerings &c: talks 
with the AeAfpo/. Lat. 38° 32'. Long. 22° 34'. 

Aa>?ajv??. ii- 52, 55. 

In Qitrir^arm : modern site uncertain. ' i H OOQTO s tells us 



the names of the three priestesses with whom he con- 
versed. See a Paper by Hawkins, in Walpole's Col- 
lection, on the site of Dodona. 

E^a/nraios. iv. 17, 52, 81. 

In ^KvdiKYi, between the 'Tvetvts (the Bog) and the Bo- 
qvcQsvyis (the Dnieper), where he saw a large copper 
vase. The position of E^oc^oitos is thus defined : The 
great copper vase stands in the spot where the brackish 
spring is found, which gives its taste to the waters of 
the 'Tnccuts for four days' sail towards the sea: the 
fountain is near the common boundary of the agricul- 
tural IkvQui and the ATiugaueg : at or opposite the 
territory of the AAet^W?, (who are nearer to the sea 
than the agricultural 2Kvdou,) the rivers Dniester and 
Bog are separated by an interval which widens as the 
streams approach to the sea. Probably near Novo- 
margorod. Lat. 48° 45'. Long. 31° 35'. 

QepjjLOTTvXai. Therma. vii. 176, 200, 201, 225, 228. 

Minute description of this pass, and of the adjacent 
country both north and south of it. The stone lion 
in honour of Asau^g. The inscriptions on the co- 
lumns. Lat. 38° 52'. Long. 22° 40'. See Dodwell's 
Tour, vol. ii. p. 67. 

QeaoaXtr). vii. 123. 

The whole basin otOeo-au^iy was well known to 'H^olorog. 

Gripcu. Thebes, i. 92 ; v. 59. 

In Botany : saw there a golden r^Trovg '• read the inscrip- 
tions in the temple of AnoKhav lapvivtog. 

Qopvcd,} i. 69. 

In AotKCiVlKYl. 

Qprj'krj. iv. 33, 74 ; v. 10. 

lr}7rvyirj. iv. 99. 

Part of the modern La Puglia. 
IraXir). iv. 15. 

The modern Calabria. 

Kporwv. Cotrone. v. 44, 45, 43, 
In \Tu7\iy. 



cxl 

MerarrovTioy. iv. 15. 

Describes the position of the statue of k^tanng in the 
ocyogct of Msrct7rourto'j. 

OXvfjnrta ? Antilalla, on the north bank of the Alpheus. ii. 7 ; 
ix. 81. 
Distance from Adyjvoit to OhvpirtK and TLtax compared 
. with a certain distance in kiyvnrog. 

Uawvir). iv. 33, 74; v. 12, 98. 

On the banks of the Ir^ypuv : witnessed certain religious 
rites. 

HeXoTTOvvrjaos* Morea. iv. 77. 
Hepivdos ? EreklL iv. 90, 95. 
In the Thracian Xeooovwot;. 

UXaraia. ix. 85. 

In Botartvi. Remarks on the tombs of those who fell in 
the great battle. Dodwell (Tour, i. 279.) could find no 
traces of them. 

Tipamas. v. 16, 17. 

A lake in Ucttovtv) : description of the natives' mode of 
life ; and of the road from H^ccat»s past the silver 
mine into MochsIouw. 

Sarjocu. vii. 111. 

A Thracian tribe living in a lofty range of mountains : 
compares part of their religious system with that of the 

AfA<po/. 

IZiKVitiV. Basilika. v. 67. 

In Axcuy) of the TliKo'xovuwos. 

InydtKij. Bordering on Circassia. iv. 86, 45. 

A country east of the Bcano^s Kift/aegtos, and bordering 
on it : within the limits of the Ei^wn-yj of 'H^o&otoj. 

ZtcvdiKr}. iv. 81, 76, 53, 78; i. 105. 

In "HqoIqtos, the country along the liovrog between the 
mouths of the lar^og and the TocpocI's, and extending 
a considerable distance into the interior : numerous in- 
dications of his having visited many parts of it. 



cxli 

Utovviov. Cape Colonna. iv. 99. 

Had sailed round or visited this promontory of Arrtw. 

2v/3aj0<s. v. 44, 45. 
In Ira.'hiYi. 

Tcuvapos? Cape Matapan. i. 23. 

Describes the statue of A^iau and the Dolphin. 
Tapas. Taranto. iv. 99. 

TavpiKri Xeparovrjffos. Crimea, iv. 99. 

Its form, and position with respect to the rest of *2>tv0iKv) f 
compared with the Suniac angle, and the angular di- 
strict of Ijjo-i/yw (Terra di Lecce). 

Teapos. iv. 90, 91. 

At the sources of the Tex^s, a small branch of the ' E€goj, 
Maritza. 

Teyerj. Near the village Piali. i. 66. 

The chains of the captive AotK&oitftouioi hung round the 
temple of A7\svi Adwctivi as late as our traveller's time. 

Teprea. vii. 129, 173. 

The passage of the Tlvjuuos minutely described. See 
Dodwell, vol. ii. p. 109. 

Tvptjs. River Dniester, iv. 82. 

Saw on a rock on the banks of this river the print of the 

foot Of ' H(>UKh 71$. 

Remark. — It is not always easy to assign an exact value to 
the expressions of 'Hgodoro? which appear to indicate his per- 
sonal knowledge of a place. Some of the positions included 
in this and the following Table may not be satisfactorily de- 
monstrated, and they may be excluded from the list without 
any diminution of the historian's travelling reputation. 

When we read that the chains of the captive ActKihoti^Qvtot 
were hanging round the walls of the temple of AQyivmiyi Ahsvi 
in Teyw as late as the time of 'HqoIotqs, the evidence appears 
to me decisive in favour of his having been on the spot. But 
when we are informed (Book iv. 124.) that Darius, after 
crossing the Tuvu't's, built eight forts on the river 0«qos, and 



cxlii 

that they existed in the time of the historian, we must hesi- 
tate before we include so remote a spot within the limits of 
his personal observation : nor can we conclude that the Oot^og 
may be the Wolga (Rennel), since that is certainly not the 
meaning of 'H^olorog. The whole narrative of this Persian 
chase is incredible, and throws suspicion on some of the Geo- 
graphical facts. 



AIBYH. 

Aiyi/7rros. &gypt. ii. all through ; ii. 5; iii. 6. 

'HqoIotos visited many parts of AtyvnTog . it is probable 
that he arrived there by sea. 

Ajoaj3t?/. Arabia, iii. 5, 6; ii. 75, 12. 

The part visited probably lay on the road from AtyvTros 
into 2y£/>j HctkxioTiuY), by which he appears to have 
entered the latter country. Part of AqccQiyi on the 
coast he calls 'SvgiYi. Compare ii. 12; iii. 5. 

Apafiios KoXkos. Red Sea. ii. 11, 159. 
Probably only the northern part of it. 

BovfiatTTts. ii. 138. 

Beautiful description of its temple and groves. 

Bovtw. ii. 155. 

On the Sebennytic branch of the Nsfto; : noted for an 
oracular shrine of Avjtu. 

TLXecfxivTtvr}. Near Assouan, ii. 29. 

A city on the N«*of ; the southern limit of his travels. 
About Lat. 24° 10'. 

'H\iov7ro\is. ii. 3. 

On a branch of the Ns<Ao?, 1500 <rrxh» from the sea: 
compared the accounts of the priests there with those 
of the priests of Mep<pt<;. 

Qrifiai. Medinet Abou y Luxor, Karnac. ii. 55. 

On both sides of the NsAo? : conversed with the priests 
of the Ziv; Qy&mwc. Lat. 25° 4 5'. 



cxliii 

Kvprivr]. ii. 181; iv. 186. 

Saw there the statue sent by Ax^ikyi, wife of the ^Egyptian 
king Apuatg. About Lat. 33° 30'. Long. 22° 20'. 

AafivpivQos. ii. 148, 149, 101. 

Near the great artificial reservoir called Motyg (El 
Keroun) in the district Fayoum. 

Aleves No/xac)es. iv. 187, 189. 

Indications of having visited the 18of**fas in the neigh- 
bourhood of ILvoywn. 

MefMpts. Probably Menf, about 14 road miles south of Cairo. 
Rennel. ii. 3, 99, 101, 176. 

Information derived from the priests : the great temple 
of c Htpcua to g. Lat. about 29° 52'. 

NavKparts. ii. 135, 178. 

Remarks on the females of 'NxvK^urtg : the Great Hel- 
lenic Bazaar. 

UaTrprjfiis. iii. 12; vii. 7. 

Where r Hgolorog saw the bones of those who fell in the 
battle between Ax,utpeuyg the son of AuQetog, and 
Ivccgag 6 AiQvg. 

Ilvjoa/ii^es. The Pyramids, ii. 125. 

The Uvgc&f&tg of Xeo^ ; and others : the interpreter read 
to 'Hgoforog an ^Egyptian inscription on the great 
Tlvgetfcig. The pyramids of Gizeh which 'Hgoforog 
speaks of are west of the river ; the direction is W 
35 S from Gizeh : the distance about 7 Geog. miles. 
Rennel. 

SaVs. ii. 130, 170, 176, 28. 

Saw there the gilded cow of Mwcegtuog: talked with the 
priests and the temple treasurer. Compares the round 
pond near the temple with that in Avihog. 



ISLANDS. 

Aiyivrf. Engia. v. 87, 88. 

ArjXos. Delos. iv. 35; ii. 170, 97. 

Saw the tomb of flTig and k^yn behind the A^re/metou 



c.xliv 

turned towards the east, near the banqueting-room of 
the Kn'toi. Acquainted with the general appearance 
of the islands in the Aiyctiou nsKccyos. 

ZaKvvdos. Zante. iv. 195. 

Examined the tar springs. Compare Hawkins's Paper in 
Walpole's Collection, and Dr. Chandler, vol. ii. p. 302. 

Qaffos. Thaso. ii. 44; vi. 46, 47. 

Visited Oxaos : saw there the temple of r H^usc^g and 
the mines: describes the position of the Phoenician 
excavations. 

Kvdrjpa ? Cerigo. i. 105. 

Mentions the temple of Ovgxvw AQgoZtrYi in such a 
manner as to render a visit there probable. 

Kv7rpos. Cyprus, i. 105; ii. 79; v. 9, 114; vii. 90. 

Probably at ApuQovg in KvTr^og : and in other parts. A 
national song of Kv^o? identical with one of Qqivik* 
and Aiyvxrog. 

AivSos ?, in 'FoZos. ii. 182. 

UpoKOwr](Tos. Marmara, iv. 14. 

An island in the IIgo7royT/c. 

2anodpr)'iKr). Samotraki. ii. 51. 

Mention of the KaQsi^a» o^yiet, into which he was ini- 
tiated. 

littfxos. Samos. ii. 182 ; iii. 60, 142. 

Saw there two wooden statues of Aftxoi; standing in the 
great temple of ' Hg>7 behind the doors. 

The evidence of Herodotus having visited all, or nearly all, 
the places enumerated in the preceding list, will in general 
convince those who are well acquainted with him by a care- 
ful study of the original. A few places may be considered 
doubtful, where his remarks are of a less positive and direct 
character. When he says " I saw," or u They told me," or 
when he uses expressions equivalent to these, the evidence is 
conclusive : it is sometimes no less so, even when other ex- 
pressions are used. 

But, besides the direct evidence of his visiting certain spots, 
there is the general conviction which remains from a perusal 



cxlv 

of his travels and history ; and this is often strong enough to 
satisfy the reader, without however justifying him in inserting 
such places in the above catalogue. There is, as far as I 
know, no passage which proves decidedly his having visited 
Sicily ; but it can hardly be doubted that he did visit at least 
some parts of that island. — The same remark will apply to 
Crete, Susa, and perhaps some other places. 



A TABLE 



Of a few very remote spots to which the Hellenic nation 
was scattered by various events, before the time of 
'H-podoros. 

Afjnrn. vi. 20. 

On the Persian Gulf, near the mouth of the Tiygig, where 
Axgetos settled some captive Mfowtof. 

AphepiKKa. vi. 119. 

In the province KiaatYi : an estate belonging to Aage/osO), 
210 aroclicc from "2ov<rot, where he settled some r EA- 
"hvives who had been transported from E^frg/j? in 

Bapicn in Banrpia. iv. 204. 

To which place were transported by the Tls^oci some 
"EiKkYiusg from Bet^nyi in A/&/«: — this Bactrian settle- 
ment existed in the time of 'HgoBoros. 

Bopwdeveirai. iv. 17, 18, 53, 78. 

"EKhwsg of Milesian origin on the banks of the 'Tvetutg 
or Bog : they call themselves OaS/ottoTutoc/. 

TcXwvol. iv. 21, 108. 

A mixed race of 'E*%wes and 'ZwDoct, east of the Tuvu'ig. 

larpin. ii. 33. 

A Milesian town at the mouth of the Ivrgog, Danube. 

(*) This was a piece of private property belonging to the king. 
Xlx^vascric: the mother of the younger Kv%o$ possessed several 
estates. (Am€. i. 4. 9; ii. 4. 27.) 



cxlvi 

KaXXiwihai. IV. 17. 

A mixed tribe of 'Eaaumj and 2kv&ui on the Bog above 

the BogvaOeus'trcit. 

Kiyvi//. vi. 42; iv. 175. 

A small river in A&vyi, in the territory of the Mhkui or 
Moutees, on which Aagews made a settlement with some 
2jret(>T(Yi7cii : the natives and the Ku^^oi/toi drove 
him away. 

Kvpvos. Corsica, i. 165. 

The city khctkm, built by the <t?axcuseg. 

Maao-aXnj. Marseilles, v. 9. 

Simply mentioned by ' Khorog : he speaks of the Atyves 
who live above Maaaot^^. For its Hellenic origin see 
2t(>oc.Q. Book iv. p. 179, &c. 

Oaffis. El Wah. iii. 26. 

Which some Set^/o/ of the Ata^tavvi (pVhvi were said to 
possess : several days' journey from ®y€cii in Upper 
iEgypt. Lat. 25° 45'. 

Hoveidrfiov. iii. 91. 

A city founded by AftQftoxog, the son of ApQieiQiag, on 
the borders of the KthiKsg and 2y^o/. 

TpiTiavis. iv. 180. 

'Hqo^oto; speaks of 'EhKyvsg being settled on the banks 
of this lake. 

Tvpirai. iv. 51. 

'Em.yiuis settled at the mouth of the Tvgyg, Dniester. 

'YeXri. i- 167- 

In Oimtqw; the Roman Velia. Lat. 40° 10'. Long. 
15° 13'. 

'Ypii] in lrj7rvyLT}. vii. 170. 

A city founded by some K^rtg. 



Note on the position of A-yfioiTotvcc. 

Some writers have assigned Tauris or Tabrccz (Lat. 38° 3'. 
Long. 46° 35'.) in Aderbidschan, as the position of Ay/3ot- 



cxlvii 

txvx. It was an old notion that the modern Ispahan was the 
Ayfixrxux of the MjjBo/, a notion that Herbert in his Travels 
(p. 1 53) disposes of in his summary way, to make room for 
the claim of Tabrccz. 

Numerous passages in which Ayfixrxvx or Exfixrxt/x is 
mentioned, hardly prove its site with precision,- but they ge- 
nerally tend to show its position in that part of Mvihtx where 
Hamadan stands. But Egxroo-devYis (2T£«/3ai>, Book ii.) re- 
moves all doubt: he divides his world into two parts by a 
parallel of latitude, (twftfi>iinn y^x^^y, a line marking equal 
length of days,) which runs from the straits of Gibraltar, 
through the straits of Messana, the southern points of the 
TL&OTroituwo; and Attikvi, through ' Polos to the bay of laaos : 
it then runs in a general direction along the range of Txv^og 
into northern luhx. Of these two parts into which he divides 
the world, he calls one the southern, and the other the northern. 
The southern part he subdivides into a<pQxyihg (/us^, divisions, 
compartments), of which lu&xvi is the first, and Af>txvn the 
second. The third compartment is a rough kind of quadri- 
lateral, the north side of which is a line of 10,300 arxhx in 
length, running from Sx\pxx.o$ on the Ev<P(>xtyic; to the ford 
where A7ie%xvb(>o<; crossed the Ttygts, then through Txvyx- 
pvikx, across the river Avxog, through A$rihx and Ex,3xrxvx 
to the Kxavixt nv^xt. The opposite but (as the geographer 
remarks) not parallel side is a line drawn through Bx&v7iau, 
Sot/o-oc, and ris£<7S9roA/?, to the boundary of Hegats and Kee^- 
fitctvict. This line from Qx^/xkos to the vvkxi, which was a 
measured road, does not coincide with the general line of 
latitude above mentioned, nor with the mountains of Txvgog ; 
but at the nvhxi the mountains and the road meet. The 
Caspian defile is the boundary of the northern and southern 
climate (xhipx) of E^xroakum?- 

Tx^x, the metropolis of ATQoirxrmvi, is midway between 
A^rx^xrx on the Agx&s, and Ex&xrxvx (Plin. v. 13.), but 
the distances are corrupted : that of 2t(>xQu)v, which is 2400 
o-rxhx from Tx^x to the Agai&s is probably corrupted also. 

The evidence of Apptxuog is indeterminate : but when Ax- 
getos after the battle at Yxvyx^vihx fled to EkQxtxvx (Book iii. 
19.), his object was to take the shortest road towards the 
Caspian defile, and to be in readiness to make a hasty retreat 
into Bxkt^ix. 

D'Anville has put clown in his map, near Ispahan, a place 
called Ecbatana Magorum, which is mentioned by Pliny 
(vi. 26.), but it is difficult to say what this passage means. 

When Tobit sent his son Tobias from Nineve to Rages in 
Media to get the money from Gabael, the young man and his 



cxlviii 

companion crossed the Tigris, and came to Ecbatana in Media. 
The youth stayed there to get married, and his guide went on 
to Rages for the money. Fxyxi (Rages) is distant from the 
Caspian defile one excessive day's march, like those of A?>f|- 
etufyoc (&ppiau iii. 20.): ATroT^'hoha^og (2rga/3. xi. 514. 524.) 
places 'Potyxt south of the Caspian pass, and 500 arxfau di- 
stant from it. 

The Greek names AyZxrotvct or EkZxtuuca, the Chaldee 
name xnvm Achmetha, Ezra vi. 2, and Hamadan, are all the 

same word. 



Note to the article ~E^et^7rutog, in the division of HLvftawn, 
on the usage of hoitcx. in defining geographical positions in 
' HocfioTog. 

The rivers Tv^vig and 'Tvrotvig approach nearest kbctx Akoc- 
£a»xg, which means that a line joining the two nearest points 
of these rivers would, if continued, pass through the territory 
of the Ahot^avsg. The word kxtx, used by ' HqoIotos to ex- 
press one object being " in a line with" or ■ opposite to" 
another, is common. See kxtx rovg Trarsgctg, iii. 14. kmtcc. 
fA?v Aaxslxi/zoviovs eaTYiae Hs^axg, ix. 31., where it is equiva- 
lent to xunx : the notion of a certain proximity is necessa- 
rily implied by this phrase. 

'H^oloTog (i. 76.) defines the position of the strong post 
Utsqw, which is east of the ' Ahvg, by saying that it is x.xtx 
livawj fixhiora, Kn Ksifieuvi ; which possibly may mean that 
it is on or near the coast, and on the east side of the bay, 
opposite the peninsula on which this trading town is situated. 
He defines the position of a certain spot in A%oi£r/i, where he 
saw heaps of snakes' bones, by saying that it is xxrcc Bovrovv 
ToTiiv ^.xhiarx kyj xetftsvog (Book ii. 75.) Again, Bovra is de- 
fined by saying that it is kutx to ^eQeuvvrtKov KuKso^ivov 
oTOftoc, tuv NfAoy ctvxTrTiSOUTt W7ro SofruGorig ava (ii. 155.) ; 
which means, that a person sailing up this branch will see 
Bovra from the river, and it must lie east of the Sebennytic 
branch. It stands also near an extensive lake, probably one 
of those near the coast : any part of Ag«C/»j, then, which is 
defined by reference to Bovra, must be near the coast, between 
Kxlvrig and Inuvaog (iii. 5.) : and this is the only spot which 
can be said to be Kxrec Bovrovv ; Bovra also must be consi- 
derably east of the Sebennytic branch. 



A TABLE 

OF 

COMMERCIAL ARTICLES 

MENTIONED BY 

'HPOAOT02. 



These are in some cases either the only or the strongest 
evidence of a commercial connection between places widely 
separated : but they do not always prove that a people remote 
from the native country of a commercial product, received it 
directly or even through the medium of a single hand. 

[For the more particular characterizing of the articles marked 
thus *, I am indebted to Dr. Thomson, Professor of Ma- 
teria Medica in the University of London.] 

Alumen of the Latin writers*. arvTZT7]pi7\. ii. 180. 

Presented by Aftctau; king of KtyvTrrog to the AsMpo/, as 
his subscription towards rebuilding their temple : arv- 
5rT»jg/>5 is not alum, but merely a vitriolic earth that is 
astringent. See Plinius, Book xxxv. on Alumen. 

Amber. r)\eicrpop. ill. 115. 

Brought from a very remote country, and, according to 
an opinion not adopted by HgoSoro?, from a river 
H^ctuog. 

Anns. oirXa. iv. 180; i. 135. 

Apparently a traffic in arms, between the ' EaAjjz/sj and 
the tribes round the lake H^nuvig in A&vv. The 
Hegacti use ^Egyptian breastplates (da^KSf) ; but this 
will perhaps hardly prove a traffic of this kind between 
AiyvTrros and the TLtfjaui. 

Beaver skins. Kaaropes, beavers, iv. 109. 

From the country of the Bovfovot: and perhaps seal 
skins. 

Cassia*, kclou]. iii. 110; ii. 86. 

Said by some to be the bark of the Laurus Cassia : pro- 
ud 



cl 

cured by the A^«C/o/, according to ' U^oloros : used in 
embalming in AiyvKTos. 

Castoreum*. KcurTopwv op^ies. iv. 109. 

Used, according to ' Hgolorog, for curing womb com- 
plaints. Castoreum, not from the testicles, but from 
certain follicles near the anus, containing a peculiar 
scent. 

Cinnamon. Kivvajiiajiov. iii. Ill ; ii. 86. 

The 'JLXhwss derived this name from the 3?otviKt;. 
According to ' HgoBoroj, the AgoiGioi procured cinnamon 
from the nests of large birds, which were built of the 
dried bark or pieces (koc^soc) of cinnamon, brought 
for this purpose by the birds from the native country 
of Aiouvaog. It was used in embalming in AiyvTrros. 
Compare Aiolug. 2/xsA. Book i. Chap. 91. 

The two words xccair) and xtpycc/xeoftov have given rise 
to much discussion. Our cinnamon and casia come 
respectively from Ceylon and Sumatra chiefly; and 
are said to differ very little, if at all. 

The word cinnamon (]JMp) occurs Exodus xxx. 25, 

and appears to be related to the word j-f2p> a reed or 

pipe ; a term which expresses very well the common 
appearance of the bark in a pipe-like form. The He- 
brew word translated Cassia, Exodus xxx. 24, is j-pTJ> 

kiddak, which is said to denote 'split' or 'divided 
lengthways,' and hence to signify that kind of cinna- 
mon corresponding to the Latin Casia lignea. 

Vincent considers the casia known to the Greeks and 
Romans as a species of cinnamon, and identical with 
our cinnamon. The Greek and Roman cinnamon, 
he says, was not rolled up in pipes, like ours, but it 
was the tender shoot of the same tree : our casia, also, 
according to Vincent, is only an inferior kind of our 
present cinnamon. He doubts " whether the cinnamon 
and casia of the ancients were both from the same 
plant." See Vincent, Periplus, Vol. ii. Appendix, 
p. 702: his remarks however chiefly apply to the 
classical history of cinnamon posterior to the time of 
'HpoBoto?, and throw no light on the genuine nature 
of his xctatri and Ktvyotpa/xou : for the word x.a,(>(Psot 
(iii. ill.) may signify just as well the dried top shoots 
of the tree, as the bark in the form in which we re^ 
ceive it. There is said to be a Malay word for cinna- 
mon, which is Kayu-manis. 



cli 

Copper. ^ciXkos. 

- Frequently mentioned as a metal much used, but no in- 
dications of the countries from which it was chiefly 
brought, if we except i. 215. 

Cotton, eipia arco £v\ov. iii. 106, 47 ; vii. 65. 

' HgofWo? describes a natural product of lultKYi, which he 
calls the wool of trees, superior to that of sheep, and 
used by the IvZot for making cloth : a coat of mail 
which Apuoit; had made, was partly composed of this 
material. 'Hgolorog calls this the produce of a tree 
that grows without cultivation. 

Dates. (3a\avoL tojv i&oipiKiov. iv. 172. 

The ^eiaecfAavsg annually went from the coast to Avyfooc 
for their supply. 

Dogs. Kvves. i. 192; vii. 187. 

From IvfoKYi (compare Ktykh*s> Ivltxct, 5.), much used 
by the Persian nobles for hunting wild animals : the 
native country of this dog is northern India and Af- 
ghanistan. (Malte-Brun, vol. iii. p. 39. Transl.) 

Ebony wood, efievos. iii. 97, 114. 
From AtdiOTTiYi. 

Eunuchs, evvovxot' waives eKTOfiiai. iii. 49, 92; viii. 105; 
iii. 130. 
l,ot(>lis and EQeaos were slave markets. 2oko-«, the poli- 
tical capital of the Persian monarchs, was supplied 
with eunuchs from B«€vA<yv and other parts of A<r- 

Frankincense*. Xt^avwros. iii. 107, 97; iv. 75 ; i. 183 ; vi. 97. 

According to 'Hgodoros-, procured in A^aS/i? : K&ccvav 
%v*ov used by the Scythian women, which must have 
been imported by the 'EhKwtt; or (botvixtgi burnt by 
the Xxhhccioi on the great altar of Zsv$ ByiM$ in Boc- 
Gvhau: and by Aocng, on the altar of the God of 
A>??io<r. The frankincense is a product of the Bosivellia 
serrata> a native of India: the word K&oti/aTog (from 
pb, white,) is perhaps intended to express the white 

TT 

resinous oil of Lebanon. 

The frankincense tree or shrub, though now culti- 
vated in Arabia, is not native there, but according to 
Niebuhr and Bruce introduced from Abyssinia, 
m 2 



clii 

Furs or Skins, ^epfiura. iv. 109. 

From a lake in the country of the Bovhuot, which is 
east of the Tuvuig or Don: among other things, pro- 
bably the skin of the Siberian Phoca. (See Heeren, 
vol. i. part 3. p. 415.) 

Gold in bullion or small particles, ypvaos, \p-nyfia. iv. 196 ; 
i. 69, 93; vi. 46; vii. 112; iii. 57, 104, 105. 

The K^^oowo* procure it from a place west of the 
Straits of Gibraltar : particles in the streams of Mount 
T/xco'hog: mines in ^kxtttyi 'YXyi, and in Qstaog: pro- 
cured by the luloi from the great central desert of 
Kobi, &c. &c. 'HoqIotos (iii. 95.) estimates the rela- 
tive value of equal weights of gold and silver after the 
proportion of 1 3 to 1 . 

Gold coined. vopLiajxa ypvaov. i. 93; iv. 166; iii. 96. 130. 
First by the Avlot : the gold coinage of A*%stog. 

Grain, gitos. iv. 17, 18 ; vii. 147. 

Exported by the agricultural Scythians (2kvQoci Agoryigsg 
and Tsagyoi) on the ' TTrocvtg and Boqv oQsvyg '. HsgfiK 
at AQvlog saw the grain fleet from the Black Sea car- 
rying grain to Atytvri and the Usloirovvwog. 

Hemp. Kavva/Dis. iv. 74; v. 12. 

The Cannabis sativa: according to 'H^ohrog, hemp very 
nearly resembling flax in appearance. Grows in 2xt» - 
Gikyi spontaneously ; is also cultivated : the QprJKig 
make clothing of this hemp, like linen cloth (husov 
si pec) : some critics contend that the word "hivsou in 
'HQoloTog signifies both linen and cotton. 

Honey, artificial. /icXi. vii. 31 ; iv. 194; i. 193. 

Substitute for sugar : made from the juice of the ftvgixy, 
thickened with flour: made also probably from the 
juice of the date, and not from the sap of the palm- 
tree. 

Horns, /cepeo. vii. 124, 126; iv. 192. 

Horns of wild cattle imported into 'E-KXugC) from Tlxto- 
uixri and K^sr tuviky}. The horns of the ogvg of A&vv 

(') See note, p. cli. 



cliii 

used for making musical instruments : the ogv; is about 
the size of a cow. 

Horses, linroi. iii- 90; vii. 40. 

360 horses annually sent from K/A/x/>j to Axgetog: the 
horses of Niax in My$ikyi. 

Iron, (ridrjpos. i. 25. 

Often mentioned ; but without any specific remark, ex- 
cept that YKxvko; of Xio$ invented the art of welding it. 

Ivory. e\e(pavros oSovtcs jneyaXoi. iii. 97. 

Part of the contribution paid to Amnios every third year 
by the Aidioire$ bordering on Aiyvxros. 

Jars, earthen. Kepctfioi. iii. 6*. 

Imported into AtyvTrros from all parts of 'EAXac^ 1 ) and 
<&otviKYi twice a year, with wine in them : and after- 
wards used by the caravan between AtyvvTog and 
2t/§/j7 as water-pitchers in the Little Desert. 

Ladanum*. Xrjfiavov. iii. 112. 

The gum of the T^vihog or Cistus Creticus. (See Tourne- 
fort's Account of Crete, vol. i. p. 74. Transl.) That 
which c H£odoro.c was acquainted with was collected in 
Ag*£/jj, according to his opinion. 

(') It is important to attend to the signification of the word 
'EAAeeg in Herodotus, and the Ethnic term 'Ey^^usg. Apxoig 
king of AiyvnrTos (ii. 182.) sent many presents to 'ETShxgx 
the places enumerated are Kv^uvt in A&vyi, Atulog in 'Pdhog, 
and the island Ixpog. When the Ilexes/ sailed from l.thav in 
&otuixY} t with the Hellenic doctor Aj^o>c»3§>k> on a surveying 
expedition, they examined the sea coast of 'E'h'hxg and its 
principal towns, till they came to Tx^xg in It«A/>j. When 
the Hellenic deputies came to Lv^yikovoxi to ask for aid against 
Sfg&Si they tell Tshav, in their address to him, that he pos- 
sesses no small part of 'EKhxg, being lord of JLixshw. The 
terms ' Eh7\ cc$ and 'EXhviu&g, then, are applicable to all places 
and persons where a sufficient number of ' EWyvig were 
collected to form a distinct social community. This remark 
is necessary, for the purpose of showing that wine imported 
into Aiyv7rrog from all parts of 'E"hhxg, denotes a very ex- 
tensive commercial connection between the 'ET&wfg and 
Aiywxrog. 



cliv 

Lead. fxoXvfidos. hi. 56. 

Simply mentioned. 

Linen cloth, \ivov. ii. 105; v. 12. 

Imported into 'EAAaK 1 ) from Ko^ws and Acyvrros- 
the spinning of flax an occupation of the women of 
Hoctot/iYi on the Ir^vpcou. 

Marble of Paros. Uapios Xidos. in. 57 ; v. 62. 

Public buildings at *2,i(pvo<; and AsAfpo/, of Parian marble. 

Myrrh*, ajivpyr]. iii. 107; ii. 86; vii. 181. 

Myrrh is a gum resin containing some volatile oil : though 
it is mentioned as an article of commerce as early as 
the time of Jacob (Genesis xxxvii. 35.), the tree that 
yields it is yet unknown. Used in embalming bodies in 
Atyv7rrog : for dressing wounds. 

Papyrus*. /3v/3\os. v. 58; vii. 25; ii. 37. 

The Cyperus Papyrus : the rind or fibrous coats of the 
plant were used for writing on, after undergoing a cer- 
tain preparation : M. Varro (quoted by Plin. xiii. 
chap. 11.) says that this use of the papyrus was not 
known before the occupation of ^Egypt by Alexander'; 
an assertion that needs no confutation. Used as writing 
material by the "E.~Khwis : ship-sails, ropes, and shoes 
worn by the priests of Aiywra*;, made of the /3t/£Ao?. 

Pitch, mcraa. iv. 195. 

The natural pitch of ZxkuuDoc (Zante) was collected and 
sold in the time of 'H^oSoto.c, as well as in the days of 
Dr. Chandler. (See Chandler's Greece, vol. ii. p. 302.) 
Pitch from Hh^kyi, probably made from chips of the 
pine-tree in the usual way. 

Salt. uXes or a\s. vii. 30; iv. 181, 182, 183. 

From a lake in <I>£vy/>7. From various great deposits in 
the Sahara. The ToigxftxvTsg (the people of Fezzan) 
spread earth over the salt, and then sow their grain. 

Salted fish, i^dves es irapiyevaiv, or rapiyps. iv. 53. 

From the Bo^va&tvyig : salt crystallized found at the mouth 
of this river. 

(>) See note, p. cli. 



civ 

Seal rings, o(j>pr}ythes. i. 195 ; Hi. 41. 

Worn by the "BctQv'Kuutoi : Oeolagos of JZxpos skilled in 
setting precious stones in gold. 

Shoes. v7ro^rjjjLaTa. i. 195 ; ii. 37. 

r H^orog compares the form of the Babylonian shoe with 
the Boeotian shoes : the choice of such a standard of 
comparison implies that Boeotian shoes were very ge- 
nerally used : papyrus shoes might also be exported 
from At<yv7rT0S' 

Silphium*. oiktyiov. iv. 169. 

Produced in a district of Kvgwyj. Silphium is the pro- 
duce of the Ferula Persica, and supposed to be the 
assafoetida of the moderns. 

Silver ore. apyvpos. v. 17; vii. 144, 112; iv. 166. 

coined, po/jaafia apyvpiov. 

Found in MecKehoutr) in a mine near the lake YLftuatag : at 
Ao&vgeiov in Attikw : on the range of TLccyyectos : the 
silver coin of Agvotulvis the best in circulation, and no 
doubt received in exchange by the Hellenic merchants: 
probably some of this coinage may exist. 

Sindon. (jvaaivr) glvc^wv. ii. 86; vii. 181. 

Used for swathing mummies : and for binding wounds 
in the Persian fleet. Probably either fine linen or 
cotton ; or rather a mixture of the two. 

Skins dyed or painted, or tanned, iv. 188. 

Goat skins dyed with a vegetable red by the A&vtg. 

Slaves. 7raid€S,Trapd€voi* iii. 97 ; v. 6; vii. 156. 

Male and female, sent from Ko^xtg and the regions near 
the KetvKotaoi; (Mingrelia and Georgia) to the Great 
King to 'Eovaot every five years in the time of 'H^ohoros : 
^Ethiopian lads : some of the Qqyi'i'ksc sell their children 
to foreign merchants. Sales of slaves in 2;*s?w«. 

Stones, \idoi. vii. 69; ii. 86, 186. 

^Ethiopian sharp stones used for engraving on seals, and 
for opening bodies previous to embalming : two co- 
lossal figures of ./Ethiopian stone erected by Apuai; 

at MsftQtg. 



clvi 

Stones, precious, ii. 44 ; iii. 41. 

A column made of opu.^ctyhos *t4o$ (emerald ?) which 
'HgoloTos saw in the temple of ' H^etKhn? at Tv^oc : 
HoXvxgciTYis of Ssc^o? had an emerald that was set in 
gold. Heeren (vol. i. part 2. p. 212.) suggests that 
this column was the Lapis Lazuli : this article and 
those mentioned by Krwtxs (IvIiku. 5.) came probably 
from the Bala Ghaut mountains of India. (M alte-Brun, 
vol. iii. p. 35. Transl.) QsoCp^xaro; in his work on 
Stones (p. 396) says the a/xoc^uyoo^ comes from Bax- 
Tgioe, and the Great Desert : which is that of Kobi. 

Styrax*. arvpa^ iii. 107. 

Exported to the ' EAA/;j/£j by the <E>o/j//xsc : it is a resin 
containing benzoic acid, the produce of the Styrax 
officinalis, a tree now growing in the Levant, from 
which it has been transplanted to the neighbourhood 
of Rome : the purest is in tears, or small round grains ; 
but a coarse sort is in lump, mixed with many im- 
purities. 

Tin. KaaaiTepos. iii. 115. 

From the islands KstaaiTi^thg (supposed by some to be 
the Scilly Islands) : 'Hgodoro.c could not learn any thing 
exact about them : it is certain however, he adds, that 
tin comes from the remotest parts. Tin is found in 
the Penjab ; and also in the territory of the AQxyyxt 
(2t£«£. 72. 4.); and TloaaZuviog (2rga«. 147.) says it 
was dug from mines in the north west part of Spain. 

Water, vZup. iii. 117. 

The Great King derived a revenue from the waters of the 
river Akyi;, which were sold to the nations dwelling on 
its streams, for the purpose of irrigating their grain 
fields. In China, Bucharia, and Persia, the water with 
which the fields are irrigated is now a source of re- 
venue for the Chans. 

Wine, palm, otvos tyoiviKrjios. i. 194. 

Carried in boats down the river EvQqvjtyi;, together with 
other commodities, from Ag t usi/iy to BxZvhcov. 

from the grape, olios, iii. 6; ii. 37; iv. 66. 

Imported twice a year from Qoivikvi, and all parts of 
'Ex>.flt?(')in earthen jars: wine, according to'H^oooro?, 
used by the Iwdcti, which must have been imported. 

(') See note. p< cli. 



clvii 

Wool, eipiov. ii. 81 ; i. 195; iii. 113; ii. 42; v. 49. 
dyed. 

Woollen cloths used by the AiyvnTtoi and Ba&u'kautot : 
and probably manufactured by them from the wool 
furnished by the Aqo&ioi and the people of Ku^ocvioc : 
but the sheep was raised in Atyvxrog also : tegvyw 
noted for its sheep. c Hgdhorog (i. 203.) says that the 
tribes of the Kccvxc&oog dye woollen cloths with figures 
of animals, by the aid of vegetable colours, and that 
these colours are permanent, and do not wash out. 
That they would be an article of curiosity at least, if 
not of regular commerce, seems a natural inference 
from this passage. 

Works of art. \. 25; ii. 182; iv. 88; ii. 69; iv. 36; v. 49. 

ThctvKog of Xiog made a silver vase for A^vetrr^s, who 
presented it to the A&tpoc the various presents of 
Apccais : the picture of Aotgstog and his army crossing 
the Bo<rTO(>oi;, placed in the ' Hgouov at Loc^og : the 
ci(>TY)pciTK ~hihuu. xvTi* mentioned by f HgoBoro? (Bookii. 
69.) as ornaments put in the ears of the sacred croco- 
diles of (drfeai and the lake Mo/§/?, are supposed by 
some to signify glass ornaments or beads ; the mummies 
found in the catacombs near Cairo and in the Thebaid 
are decorated with glass beads. This glass was pro- 
bably imported from <J>om«>7, or it might be manufac- 
tured in AtyvKTog. Maps or plates of copper (yyg 
frt^tolot) mehtioned generally; a particular mention 
of one that AgurroiyogYig carried with him to '2irx(>TYi, 
&c. &c. 

Note. — This Table is probably neither quite complete nor 
altogether exact in the whole of its details ; and it would be 
no easy task to make it so. It might have been somewhat en- 
larged by the aid of Ktjkt^j, but it is thought better to keep 
these two authors distinct. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



It is some time before the student of Herodotus can com- 
prehend perfectly the general subject and plan of this history ; 
which, till the whole work has been carefully perused, appears 
a disjointed and unconnected mass. But the numerous di- 
gressions and episodes which fill the first four books are only 
preparatory to the development of the main subject in the 
last five. The design of this work, as we learn from the In- 
troduction (i. I.), is the wars between the Hellenes and the 
Persae. That the student, then, may understand the progress 
of the main action of this epic history, from the first recorded 
collision between the Hellenes and Persae, the Persian 
conquest of Ionia, till the conclusion of the drama by the 
conquest of Sestos ; it will be useful to subjoin a very brief 
Chronological Table. — This Table exhibits the series of Per- 
sian kings, the main events in Hellenic and Persian history, 
with their dates from B.C. 559 to the capture of Sestos in the 
spring of B.C. 478. But as Herodotus incidentally notices 
several events posterior to the siege of Sestos, and therefore 
only alludes to them in his History for the sake of particular 
illustration, it is thought advisable to present these also with 
their dates, for the purpose of showing the latest probable 
period to which his life was extended. 

This Chronological Table is founded on the "Fasti Hel- 
lenici" of Clinton, and I have adopted the dates which he 
has obtained by his investigations. As far as I can judge from 
the few opportunities which I have had of examining them, 
they may be admitted till other and better reasons disprove 
them. I should not hesitate to give to this Civil and Literary 
Chronology of Greece the praise which I think is justly due 
to it, were it not hazardous to risk opinions on a subject so 
difficult. 

The Olympiads I have omitted, because a student can 
easily calculate them from a knowledge of the year B.C. to 
which any event is assigned, the commencement of the first 
01. B.C. 776, and an attention to the current year and 
Olympiad. It is difficult to give any good reason why we 
should now encumber ourselves with so clumsy a chronolo- 
gical reckoning. 

R p Kvpos, king of the Ueprrai. 

560 HutnaT^ocToi; becomes tuqumos of A0*ji/«/, seventy years 
before the battle at Mu^»&uu } i. 59. 



clx 
B.C. 

559 Kyg6c elected general of the IIs^*/ : overthrows the 
empire of the MjjSo/. i. 127, 128, 130. 

546 Sxghg the capital of Avliy taken by Kv^og. i. 84. The 
Avloi revolt when Kvgog returns to the East, and are 
again reduced to subjection by Ma^u^g a Mylog, the 
general of Kvgog. MafagYig is succeeded by ' Agnccyo g, 
who reduces to subjection the cities of the lavsg, Aio- 
Xff g, Ketgsg, Kecvutot, Avkioi. i. 171. The length of time 
occupied by these military operations is not stated. 

538 BctGvTicov taken by Kv^og. i. 191. 

532 TleKrungarog recovers his power at Adyt/eu, after being 
twice driven out : he strengthens himself by the aid 
of money and friends, i. 64. 

529 Kvgog falls in battle against the queen of the Mccwcc- 
yirotu i. 214. Comp. Kr)ja/«f, ILegrtK. 6. 

Ka/xftvarjs, son of Kvpos, king of the Heparai. 

527 Death of UaaurTgctTog '> he is succeeded by his son 
'Iirirtys. OovkvI. vi. 54. 

525 KoiftGvaYi; considers the lavs; and Aiohag as hereditary 
slaves, ii. 1 : he conquers Aiyvxrog in the fifth year 
of his reign, iii. 11, 13. The first chapter of the se- 
cond book of 'HgoZoTo; contains a brief statement of 
an expedition against Aiyvxrog j but he immediately 
leaves his main subject, and occupies the whole of his 
second book with the history of Aiyv^rrog : in the 
third book, chap. 1. he resumes his narrative. 

521 The death of KupQwrig, after a reign of seven years five 
months, iii. 66, 

The Mayos lifjiepSis, an impostor, king of the Ilepaai. 

521 He is assassinated after a reign of seven months, iii. 78 : 
the reigns of KctftSvamg and S^e^S/?, according to the 
system of 'HgoBo Tog, comprehended exactly eight years, 
iii. 67. 

Aapeios, the son of 'Yaraair^ of the royal family of the 
Axcujuevicat, elected king of the Tlepvai. iii. 86 ; i. 209. 

The expedition to 2oc t uog to restore SiAoc-av took place 

early in the reign of £x%etog, but not till the second 
or third year at least: for according to 'H^oS. (iii. 
139.) it was after the death of Oqoitv; (iii. 127, 129.), 
and after the surveying expedition sent to Ei^ecg 
(iii. 136.) which must have occupied one year at least. 



clxi 
B.C. 

— The siege of BuQvhvv commenced while the fleet was 

engaged in the Samian expedition (iii. 1 50.), and it 

lasted a little more than twenty months (iii. 153, 1 55.). 

514 Assassination of ' iKyrecgxog at Afaucit. v. 56. Compare 

Qovxvl. vi. 56, 57. 
510 'Iwavjjf the brother of ' Ia-a-ag^o? is expelled from 
A0yivcc{, and retires to 2/yg/oy on the ^Kec^ecul^og. 
v. 65. The family of the IlenricrTg*Tih*i governed 
Adyvcct for thirty-six years, v. 65. See Clinton's Ap- 
pendix, ' Pisistratidae.' 
508 ? The Scythian expedition of Aureus. This date is ab- 
solutely uncertain, but it is after the capture of Bot- 
Zuhav, and before the war of Neefc?. Some place it 
B.C. 513. 'H^ohoroc (iv. 1.) begins the history of thie 
Scythian expedition, but he immediately leaves his 
main narrative, and presents us with a geographical 
and historical sketch of the Scythian and other 
Northern nations. The Scythian campaign is con- 
tained between chapters 83 and 143, book iv. 

The Persian expedition into A&vyi is contemporary 
with this Scythian war. iv. 145. The 'Eaajjj*? of 
Buqxyi are transplanted into Bxkt^yi. iv. 202, 204. 
501 Nos|;oc is besieged by MeyxQecT^s and AQtarecyo^Yis for 

four months, v. 34. 
500 AyoTayoQns goes to 2-z-a§T>j and A&nvcti to ask for aid 
against the Ut^axt, immediately previous to which it 
had been determined to revolt; the first overt act 
of rebellion was the deposing of the tvquuvoi in the 
Asiatic Greek cities, v. 37, 38. 
499 2a$t$ burnt by the combined forces of lovm, Adwui, 
and E§£T£/>?. v. 99, 100, 101. This was the immediate 
cause of the great wars between the Usgacct and 'EA- 

A»JI/£.C Of Ef^TTJJ. 

497 Death of A^Totyo^g in ©^i'xw. v. 126. Compare 
Qovwl. iv. 102. 

495 The great sea fight near MiTiyrog, in which the combined 
Asiatic 'Eaa^i/s.c are defeated by the Persian fleet, prin- 
cipally consisting of <3?oivix.ig. vi. 6, 14 &c, 18. M/A)jtoc 
was blockaded and taken after the naval engagement, 
but the length of the siege is not stated. This took 
place in the sixth year from the revolt of A^tdruyo^ng . 
v. 37 j vi. 18. and therefore in the year B.C. 495, if 
the date B.C. 500 is correct. Clinton places this sea 
fight B.C. 494, and adds that Miletus was taken in 
the sixth year of the war. This makes a difference of 
one year between the dates here given, (from B.C. 495 



clxii 

B.C. 

down to B.C. 491,) and those of Clinton; and increases 
the difficulty of reconciling the dates in Herodotus. 
See Clinton, B.C. 492, and Appendix on the Ionian 
war (p. 244.), and on Herod, vi. 95. — The capture of 
Micros was the subject of a drama of O^tm^oc, en- 
titled Mfryrov xbaaig. vi. 21. 

494 Xiog, AeffSof, and Tevelog taken by the Persian fleet, vi. 3 1 . 

493 The first Persian expedition under Mccoooviog. vi. 43: 
his fleet is wrecked off the Peninsula of AOa;. vi. 44. 

492 The Qocatot compelled by Atzgetog to destroy their for- 
tifications, vi. 46. 

491 Preparations for the expedition into 'E*Aa?. vi. 48, 95. 

490 The second grand Persian expedition under Aar/j a 
Mvdog, and AqruQegMig. vi. 94. "l^irtng the exiled 
Tvgavitos conducts the army from E^gT^/r, in EvZotr) to 
the plain ofMot^^j/ in Attikyi. vi. 102. The defeat 
of the Asiatic army. vi. 113 — 117. 

486 The revolt of AtyvwTog. vii. 1. 

485 The death of Aa^iog, after a reign of 36 years, vii. 4. 

Sepfys, the son of Aapetos, king of the Tlepaai. 

484 Atyvvrog reduced to subjection a "second time. vii. 7 : 

and entrusted to the government of Axcctpsavg the 

brother of Aocgsiog. 
484 Birth of 'Hpodoros, according to Pamphila, quoted by 

Gellius. xv. 23. 
481 During four entire years after the reduction of Atyvxrog 

preparations are making for the grand expedition. 

vii. 20. 
480 Commencement of the great march from Sccfiig. vii. 

20, 37.(') Battles at Qsq/^o-ttv^ui and AgTspuatoy. 

vii. 194, 210, &c. Great battle at lotkxfAig in the 

autumn, viii. 113. 
479 Mocfioviog occupies AQwtu ten months after Ss^ng had 

taken it in the preceding year. ix. 3 : battle at IlA*- 

rottct : death of Mxfiovtog. ix. 63 : battle at Nvxot^n. 
478 S^to.c is taken by 3ct'j0tir7rog in the spring of 478, and 

near the end of the civil year of 'Hooloro;. ix. 181. 

With the capture of Sjjarof the history of 'Hgodorog 

ends. 



(•) Clinton understands the words s<jr^otrv\\xTa, &c.,chap. 
20, to refer to the march from 'Zctotiig, not from lovcx; which 
is probably the correct interpretation. 



clxiii 



Events incidentally mentioned in the main History of 'H^o&oto? 
which belong to ceras later than the capture of 'SyaTos. 
B.C. 
477 Allusion to A&wcct becoming the head of the Hellenic 

confederacy, through the misconduct of ILecvootvtYi;. 

viii. 3. Compare @qvkv%. i. 95. 
476 Kif&au takes H'iav on the Lr^v^av, vii. 107. Compare 

Qovxvl. i. 98. Atol. xi. 41, 48. 
472 The UsQtrott of Aiox.v'Kos gains the prize vxi Miuavog : see 

argument to the Hspaaf. 
465 Death of Xggg w . A;o5. xi. 69. 
464 Revolt of the E/Aars; : commencement of the Messe- 

nian war( 1 ). 

Apra^ep^rjs I., son of Eepfys, king of the Repoai. 

During the reign of Hs§£>k, Mecaxec^g the Persian go- 
vernor of Aoptaxog received annual presents from the 
Great King : and the descendants of Mctaxx/^ng re- 
ceived similar presents from Aorcc^s^g the son of 
Beg&g. vii. 106. 

460 Revolt of lux^ag ; defeat and death of Axottftevyis in 
Atyv^rrog, iii. 12; vii. 7. Compare Govxvl. i. 104. 

457 The battle of Tauxygx, in which the '2%-u^Tinrott defeat 
the combined troops of AQnvui and Apyog. ix. 35 
Compare Qovxvl. i. 107, 108. 

456 Meyoi€ot£og sent into Atyvirrog by the Great King, to 
command against the AOyiuuioi. iii. 160. Compare 
©ovkvZ. i. 109. Krviatxg, Usgatx. 33. 

455 Aiyvxrog reduced, with the exception of ApvPTutog, 
who took refuge in the marshes, ii. 140. Compare 
QovkvI. i. 110. 
Flight of ZaKVPog son of MsyocQv^og tc Adnuect. iii. 160. 
Compare Krnaiotg. TLegaix. 43. The date of this 
event is doubtful, but it was some time after the re- 
duction of AtyvKTog, and perhaps after B.C. 431. Ac- 
cording to some about B.C. 424. 

431 "Evgvftccxog with 400 QnQoaoi attempts to get possession 
of n.'Kccrui^ but loses his life. vii. 233. Compare 
Qovxvlt. ii. 2—5. This year the Peloponnesian war 
commenced. 

430 The Spartan ambassadors to the Great King are betrayed 
into the hands of the Adwutot by 2/tosA«>k, king of 

0) The death of Aupvwrog took place during this war, 
which lasted above nine years. 'HpoI. ix. 64. 



clxiv 
B.C. 

the ©gw'xfs, and being carried to Attjk/, are put to 
death, vii. 137. Compare GovkvZ. ii. 67. 
425 Death of A^rec^e^ng I. 

Eepfys II.; son of Ap-cc^ep^s I., king of the Ilepffai. 

He reigned about forty-five days, Krwixg, TLtptx.. 45; or 
one year, or two months, A/oS. xii. 71. 2t/y%?AAo?, p. 61. 

'ZeKvyciavos or Soyhauos ; an illegitimate son of Apra- 
fepfys I., king of the ITeparat. 

He reigned about six months and fifteen days. Kr^/ac, 
TliQaiK. 48. 

424 £2x os or Actpetos No0os; another illegitimate son of 
Apra^ep^s I., king of the Ileptrai. 

414 Aftuoroaog establishes himself in Aiyv7rrog. 

413 Invasion of Arr/xn by the Axxilxtfitot/tot, when Agxg*£>j 

was spared by the invaders, ix. 73. Perhaps this may 

refer to the events in QqvkvI. vii. 1 9. 
409 Revolt of the M>j5o/, and their second subjugation in the 

reign of Accgstog. i. 130. Compare Hn>o<p. 'Eaa>jw*. 

i. 2, 9. 
408 0) Hocvai^tg succeeds ApvgTccioc. iii. 1 5, who died six 

years after establishing himself in Aiyv-zrog. This is 

the latest event mentioned by 'Hoohorog. 

( l ) The Afiv^rettog mentioned by 2fyx«?i>io<r, Xgovoygettp. 
(p. 61, 205. Ed. Venice), is supposed to be the Afiv^rutog of 
'H^oSotos (ii- 140; iii. 15.) and of QovKvh. (i. 110, 112.) 

This Apv^rctvog 2x'iryig t or Aftv^rsctog, is the twenty-eighth 
dynasty of Metusfau. He maintained himself against the 
Ue^axi B.C. 455 (Oowcvl. i. 1 10.), when the rest of AiyvvTog 
was reduced ; and we hear of him being still engaged in hosti- 
lities against the TIs^ui B.C. 449 {QovkvI. 112.). 

According to IvyKiKhog (p. 204, 205) Aiyvnrog revolted 
from Axgstog No^oc, and Apv^raiog began his six years' reign, 
in the second year of Aoc^uog No&>^, or B.C. 423. But the 
duration of ^Egyptian independence, from the re-establishment 
of AftvgTxiog to the expulsion of Nc*tibm6«V from Aiyvrrog 
by Clx,og II., sometimes called A^rct^o^ng III., is a period of 
sixty-five years, four months (2*y«AA. 61, 62.). Now this 
reduction of AiyvKrog is placed by SvyK&Kog (quoting M«- 
vidcou from A<p£iy.xvog) in the twentieth year of H^o; II.,and this 
would make the sixty-five years of ^Egyptian independence 



clxv 

commence B.C. 404. This inconsistency is removed by the 
authority of EvasQios, who also quotes MuueQav, and agrees 
with A/o&ygo? in placing the expulsion ofNeKTou/e&at; B.C. 350. 
He agrees also with 2yy*sAAo? in reckoning the period of 
^Egyptian independence at sixty-five years ; hence it is pro- 
bable that we should date these sixty-five years, ten years 
earlier, thus making B.C. 414 the commencement of the sixty- 
five years of ^Egyptian independence, and of the six years of 
Afcv^roaog. (See Clinton, note, p. 316.) 

Note. — HgoH. iv. 148. says that the Hto/o/ destroyed most 
of the cities of the Mtuvxi during his life-time. I am not able 
to assign the date of this event. 



INDEX TO HERODOTUS ; 

GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, &c. &c. 



A/3«/, a city in the north east of <£&*/?, i. 46; viii. 27, 134, — 
with a temple of AKoKhav, where oracles were given even 
in the time of 'H^oBotoj, viii. 33. 

Afietvreg, a people of Evfioiri, i. 146. 

Afiotgig, said to be an 'Y7re(>fioQ£og -. — the story respecting him 
and his arrow, iv. 36. 

A/3d>j£ot, vi. 46; vii. 109, 126. founded by the Tmot on the 
southern coast of Q^Hvi, i. 168 ; viii. 120. visited by He$w, 
vii. 109. 

AfiQoxof&os and ' TneQuvQvig, sons of Darius, vii. 224. 

Afigawxog an AOwcitog, a spy in the army of Asavihvis, viii. 21 . 

Afivlog, an Hellenic town on the Asiatic coast of the c Ex*>?ff- 
TovTQg> v. 117 ; vii. 33, 34, 174: near the bridge of He(>%vig t 
vii. 34. A/3vlviuo{, vii. 44. 

AyccOosQyot, i. 67. See Ltt ex.gr tnrex,t. 

Ayudv(>ooi, a nation of ImOoli between the largos and the 
TvgYii, iv. 49, 102, 125. Their manners and customs, iv. 103. 

AyccQvgaog, the son of 'H^axA^c, iv. 10. 

Ay otio?, the father of Ovopuarog, vi. 127. 

Ayu*f&xTcc, (statues) first dedicated to the gods by the At- 
yvKTtot, ii. 4. One of latg as a woman with the horns of 
an ox, ii. 41. of Zivg with the face of a ram, ii. 42. of Tlocu 
with the face of a goat, ii. 46. of 'E^ung (oq9k €%&» rx eii- 
lo;ct), ii. 51. of 'H(potio~rog resembling the Oowxjji'o/ Uoc- 
rxixoi, iii. 37. One made by Apcco-tg out of afoot bath and 
the reason of it, ii. 172. Statues of Zsvg eu OKvpTny and 
Tloaufcav, ix. 81. One of Atpgohirn and AQyiuouy at Kv^vvi, 
ii. 181. Two stone statues of AfauuiY) at Atulog, ii. 182. 
Statues o£ Aec,uiYi and Av%Yi<rtYi, from the wood of the olive- 
tree, v. 82. not made by the TleQaui, i. 131 ; nor by the 
IkvQoii, except those of A^jj?, iv. 59. 

Ayupefiuau, the son of Ushoip and the father of Ogeo-ryg, 
i. 67 ; vii. 1 59. 

Ayof^rn, the daughter of Khewfavvig, destined by her father,- 
to be the bride of the most distinguished man in 'E'h'hotg, 

[A] 



ii INDEX. 

Her suitors were of the most noble families, among whom 
was MiyourtiYig son of A'hx/^xtcjv, whom she married and 
by whom she had children, vi. 126, 127, 130, 131. 
kyccqioTn, the grand-daughter of the last, who married 3xv* 

OiTTTrog, and was the mother of n^;xA>j?, vi. 131. 
AyoMTtxhev);, a native of ' A~htx,a.^jr,aog t who violated the laws of 

the temple of AtoMcov T^/ox/o;, i. 144. 
Ay/3a>io?, the father of MigfiuKog, vii. 98. 
Ayfixretvot to. Myhxx, the capital of MyiIixsi, iii. 64, 92. the 

residence of KDpo;, i. 153. and of Kotpfivorig, iii. 64. 
Ayfio&TWJX, on the coast of 3>o/wx*j in Iv^r/i, iii. 62, 64. 
AyyUrn;, a river of QoYiiKy flowing into the 1t%v(/<u» above 

Af4.0i7ro7u?y vii. 113. 
Aynvo^ K/Tuf, a man of $o/wxd, vii. 91. 
Ayyrog, the son of Ax*g/B)7c, vi. 61. He is induced by a stra- 
tagem to place his wife in the custody of A^terai/, vi. 62. 
Ay/?, the father of Msva^g, vi. 65. 

AyKuvQog, the daughter of Kex,^o\p : — her temple, viii. 53. 
Ay'Kuf&u.xos, who possessed a large tower at Kvgyjioj, iv. 164. 
Ayo£>7, a town of Q^Uy near the Xtgo-oityo-og, between Kufitn 

and TIkktvyi, vii. 58. 
Aygiccvsg, a people of HccksIoviyi, v. 16. 
AyfJteevyg, a river of Q^'ikyi which empties itself into the 

'Etyog, iv. 90. 
Aygau, the first of the ' H^uiKzihoii, kings of Sardis, i. 7. 
Ayv'h'hotioi, the inhabitants of Ayv?^n a town of Tv^oww; 
— their country in a state of pollution; — the manner of its 
purification, i. 167. 
Ayxipobjog, the son of Acry^, sent from 2xot^T>j to expel the 

Tinaiar^ctrihxi from Advent; his death and funeral, v. 63. 
Adages: — BxaiXsos %siq VTrs^riKyg, viii. 140. Tvva.ix.og kolkiu, 
ix. 107. At'i tKovtou 771^1 t^t^itv, v. 49. E* tov iutxvrov 
to sa£ s%ot(>ocigY)Tcct, vii. 161. E* tg/sv we/ o/xge/ © 0v/xog, 
vii. 39. Ex/ |t/£ov ctK^ng rx,trai to, ^r^ay^curctf vi. 11. 
EirtaKvdiaov, vi. 84. Keto^g/fl tig titxr,, i. 166. K«rat>,£/- 
yj/av civ ev "Kukokii, iv. 149. "Mrihe -xv(><£o(>og tx$vyai> Tregt- 
tyeviTOy viii. 6. Ov Qoovrtg ' IkkokXuGvi, vi. 129. TI/ti/o? t^o- 
flrov iXTQV^/stVf vi. 37. 
ABf/^sti/To?, the father of A^iarir,g y vii. 137. 

another, the son of Q.x.vTog a Corinthian commander at 

A^nfAiatov who wished to run away, viii. 5. His speech to 
(dsfttoToxKeyg, and that general's answer, viii. 59. His in- 
solence, c. 61 ; and flight, c. 94. 
Alixfai,, a king of the A&vsg, who having been deprived of 
his territory by the Kv ^vettoi threw himself upon the pro- 
tection of Ax£/»jc, iv. 159. 



INDEX. iii 

A&£h<7toc, the son of Tu^etog the king of HiKvuvy v. 67, and 
the father of Atyia'Ksvg, v. 68. hated by Y^kuakmg the 2/- 
Kvvvios, by whose intrigues the honours paid to Algwrog 
were discontinued and transferred to Me^otutwogy v. 67. 

a Phrygian (Ogy|), the son of Tofimc and grandson of 

Mtl/igy killed his brother, i. 35, 45. Kqoioos cleansed him 
from his pollution, i. 35. He is intrusted by Kgoiaog with 
the care of his son Arvg in a hunting excursion, i. 41, — 
and he has the misfortune accidentally to kill the youth 
in hunting, i. 43. He stabs himself upon the tomb of Arvg, 
i. 45. 

Algtxg, o, (Adriatic sea) west of iKhv^tn and 'EAAot?, between 
those countries and the great peninsula of Italy, iv. 33 ; 
v. 9. discovered by the ^aKoctacy i. 163. 

Alvgpctxilo&ty inhabitants of Atfivm near the confines of At- 
yvKTog; their customs, iv. 168. 

AetpcuYitTTos, a distinguished man of 2toc£t>7, who slew Mctfio- 
utos, and died himself in the Messenian war, ix. 64. 

Afgo7ro?, the son of Tvjpsvog, viii. 137. 

the son of OA/ttto?, and the father of AAxstik, viii. 139. 

A^ecvyg, the son of Aqtccio;, the general of the 2oydo/, 
vii. 66. 

A^ig, a town of the Kv^uaioi in A&vvi, iv. 157, 169. 

A^Woj-, a sea coast city of 2yg/)j a little northward of Aokx- 
Tiauy besieged by If oc^uir/^ocy ii. 157. 

AdapoiSy the son of A/oAo?, who conspired with Im to put 
$g/|o; to death, vii. 197. 

AdYiDccyogYiSy the son of Agp^werrgfltT/du?, and an ambassador 
of the Ic&pioty ix. 90. 

Afaucehs, a native of TgijjeJV, vii. 213- 

AOyvoUy the only city of the laves which was distinguished 
in the time of Kv^o?,i. 143. oppressed by Tluaiar^otrng the 
rvgccvvog, i. 59, 60. Its liberation from the rv^uuvigy v. 55, 
62 — 66. It was taken by fifeg£»j«, viii. 51, 55; also a second 
time by Motfiottiog and burnt, ix. 3, 13. The ecKgon-ohtg 
seized upon by KheopevYiSy v. 72 : — set on fire by the Hepett, 
viii. 53. 

AfavotiYiy the daughter of lioaulsau and Tyrauts, who is said 
to have been adopted by Zsvg t iv. 180. Her contention 
with Uoaafeai/ for the lordship of ArrtKYi, viii. 55. A 
temple of AOyivociy) at 2/ys/ov, v. 95:— at 2«i> in Aiyvxragy 
adorned in the ^ow^ociu, ii. 175. An oracle in AtyvnTog, 
ii. 83. A festival among the Avaetg, at which there were 
combats of virgins, iv. 1 80. Three statues, one gilded and 
two of brass, sent by Af/.ocaigy— the first to Kvq/iv*, the 
[ a 2 ] 



iv INDEX. 

last two to Aivhog, ii. 182. A bearded priestess of A^uuiyi 
at Tlyiletaos a town of Kccgr/i, i. 175; viii. 104. The ett- 
ythg, which are always found on the statues of AfauociYi, 
originated from A/£t/w, iv. 189. 
AfavaiYi AKsyi :— her temple at Tsysn, i. 66. ix. 70. 

Aawar/i : — her temple burnt by ' AXvccrryig, i. 19. Two 

were afterwards substituted. 

YKtag : — Ss^mg sacrifices to her a thousand oxen, vii. 43. 

KgettrTtY} ; — her temple erected by Aaoisvg, v. 45. 

ILcch^Yivi? :— her temple at Mctgctdav, i. 62. 

IloXiecg at AQnuoit, v. 82: — her temple in the ocK^oirohig, 

which the Au^mg were not allowed to enter, v. 72. 
TlohiQvxos :— her temple in the island of X/o?, i. 160. 

U^ounh : — her temple at Aiktyai, i. 92; viii. 37, 39. 

2/c/£ot£ : — her temple at IcthocfitTg, viii. 94. 

AQweiioi, a most ancient people. Tii'kuayix.ov tQvog, the only 
people of 'E^Ticts who had changed their abodes ^a- 
vccorett), i. 56; vii. 161; viii. 44. They disliked the name 
of lai/sg, i. 143. called at different times lie* ecayot, K^x- 
vuoi, KexQOirilcct, AQnvuioi, luusg, viii. 44. The number of 
citizens in the time of Axgstog, v. 97. The laws of 2oha», 
i. 29. see ii. 177. The names of the tribes ((pvhoit) changed 
by K'hucdevris, v. 69. Their KgurxvYiiov, i. 146. Their five 
yearly festivals [to*^*^, vi. 111. They publicly reward 
AypoxylYig a physician, iii. 131. Their revenue from the 
mines of Aetv^stou, vii. 144. They are obliged to become a 
nautical people, vii. 144. They had two hundred ships in the 
war against the He^aon, viii. 61. The dress of their women, 
v. 87. 

Said to be the wisest people of 'Ex>a;, i. 60.— skilled in 
the conduct of sieges, ix. 70. — little powerful under the 
ri/gawo/, v. 78, 91. When liberated from the rv^xuvt;, 
they became eminent in 'Ex?ia?, v. 66 t 97. They composed 
the right wing at the battle of HhctTutoci, ix. 46, 47. Their 
prudence in the war against the Usgaoct, viii. 3 ; ix. 27. — 
Their factions arising from the dissensions of their prin- 
cipal families, i. 59—63; v. 55 seq., to put an end to 
which, the TI&oTovvwtoi made four different expeditions 
into ArTiKYiy v. 62 seq. The last of them under the com- 
mand of KAso^fi/vK, was frustrated in a surprising manner 
by a contention between KTiSoftsvyg and An/xu^rog, the two 
kings of 2sra£T>7, v. 74, 75. Their war concerning liyuov 
with the Mirv'hYiuetioi, v. 94, 95. Their war with their 
neighbours at Etevalg, i. 30. Their war with the Bo/*to/, 
and principally with the ®y&uioi, v. 79 — 81. a consequence 



INDEX. v 

of the cunning counsels which the Atr-tehcupovioi gave to 
the TZhxToiises, vi. 108; v. 74 — 76. They forcibly expelled 
the Tlzkotoyoi from Attikyi ; who in return took off all the 
wives of the Adwociot to Ay/tvo;, vi. 137, 138. The A0>j- 
v»toi in consequence invaded Aviftvos, under the conduct of 
MAt/«S>jj, vi. 139, 140. Their war and dissensions with the 
AiyluYiTut, v. 81 — 89; vi. 49, 87 — 93;— which, however, 
were ended at the commencement of the war with the 
Uegaociy vii. 145. When K\eof^euy\g was preparing to make 
war on them, their ambassadors at 2agB/?, contrary to the 
will of the people, promised submission to Augetog, v. 73. 
A subsequent embassy is treated with contempt by A^ret,- 
(psgvw, v. 96, — and the Afavxto: in consequence assist the 
luutg in their opposition to Analog, v. 97, — and attack 
2*^?, v. 100. Consequent war with the FLegaott, v. 105; 
vi. 94; vii. 133. Aa.ru; and Agrcc/pegi/yc at the command of 
AecQstos attack 'EAAocj with a large naval force, but are 
defeated by the Afavouoi at MagaQav, vi. 111. 

honourably distinguished in the war against Se^rig as 

the preservers of Hellenic liberty, vii. 139 ; viii. 3. Their 
valour at Agrepaaiou, viii. 17. They leave AQyidou, viii. 41. 
— the most distinguished at the battle of 'loikxp.Tg with the 
exception of the AtyTvnrctt, viii. 84. On the second inva- 
sion of the TLe^aott under Mct^oviog, they retired to 2#Aa- 
plg, ix. 6, — and sent an embassy to ActKilott^au, ix. 7. 
Their excellent conduct at nAoera/os/, ix. 12 — 23,46, 60, 
— and also at My*eeA>?, ix. 102. They besiege ^wrog, ix. 
114. Their war with the Kccgvanoi, ix. 105. with the 
Whai/ai, ix. 75. Their war with the IlfAocroi/^a/o/, vii. 137; 
ix. 73. 

Afy&tTYig, a district of Atyvirros not far from Bowleg, ii. 166. 

A6%vg, a river of G^'iky) falling into the lor^og, iv. 49. 

Ad<ag> a mountain on one of the western peninsulas of 
0g>ji'*>j, vii. 22, — round which the fleet of Aoc^uog was ob- 
liged to coast, vi. 44, 95. The isthmus cut through at the 
command of Begvs, vii. 21—25, 122. 

At* 9} KoAx/?, near the river 3>a<7/?, i. 2 ; vii. 193, 197. 

Atc&KYis, the father of la'Kvoav and IIoAt/xgesrjjc, iii- 39, 139; 
vi. 13. 

the son of TLohvoau, tyrant of lupog, but dethroned by 

AfitaTecyoQYic : — he induced the "2ocf&iot to defection from 
their allies, vii. 13. — restored to power, vi. 25. 

Atotxtlctt, sent by the Atytwirett to the assistance of the 0>j- 
Qoiiot, v. 80. Their aid invoked by the 'E^yi/eg at 2*Aa- 
^/c, viii. 64. 

AtecKog and Atyivyi, the ancestors of Mt^Tiotl/ig 6 Kriarog, vi. 



vi INDEX. 

35. A temple was built to the honour of AiotKog in the 
Ayo^n at Adyvott, V. 89. 

AietCy the son of <E>/Aa;oj, vi. 35. 

another, the son of TgAa^&v, reckoned among the 

yj^s, v. 66. — invoked at SaA^r?, viii. 64. Dedication of 
a trireme to him at ^cchotftTg, viii. 121. 

Aiyxiy a city of A^ecu/i, in the Ut'ho7roi>vri(rot; t i. 145. 

Aiyxiov ro rtikciyot;, a sea full of islands extending between 
'E*Ase? and the western or Hellenic coast of Aaivi. 

Aiyoc^ssi; Ylzkxoyoi, — living on the western coast of Aoin, 
emigrants from Axoah in the neKoTrovvrxro;, vii. 94. 

Atyalxt, a large tribe {(pv'hn) in ^Trot^m, so called from Ai- 
yevg, iv. 149. 

AiytiQK, a city of A%u,iir\ in the TLt'koTrovpwos, i. 145. 

Atyws, the son of Ilee^rai', who expelled his brother Avko; 
from AQnuoci, i. 173. 

the son of O'idhvKog, from whom the Aiytihxi derived 

their name, iv. 149. 

Aiyn, 2l city situated in the peninsula of HuT^nvn, vii. 123. 

Aiytoi^sfs, a tribe of Itxvav, so called from AiyiuKivg the son 
of ABgwTToc, V. 68. 

Aiyioiksag, a mountain in Attixyj near AQwm, where Hs&vig 
stood and looked at the sea-fight off 2»Aa^r?, viii. 90. 

Aiyixogng, the son of lav, v. 66. 

AiyiTistct, an island of the 'Stvqcu situated between Ev/3o/>j 
and the coast of Att/x>?, vi. 107. 

Atyihioiy a city of Evfioiv near E^er^)?, vi. 101. 

Atyivot and 0>j/3>j daughters of Aff^Troc, v. 80. 

A/yfj/tf, on the northern coast of the Il$*o7rovi>yi<ros, most an- 
ciently called Oivavriy viii. 46. The AGmvctiot took refuge 
here in the war against the TLsgaoii, viii. 41. 

AiyTvnrut, originally from ILTrtlocvPog, viii. 46. Their sepa- 
ration from the E^/S«y^o/ and the cause of it, v. 83. 
Enemies of the ^ufitot on account of persecutions endured 
from them, iii. 59. The Aiyw*Tui enemies of the A&j- 
vetiot, — on what account, v. 82 — 88. They inflict an in- 
jury upon the AQwuioi, vi. 87— 90.— conquered by the 
AQr\va.m in a sea-fight, vi. 92. Their pollution a cause of 
the greatest misfortunes to them, vi. 91. — deprived by the 
Afavotiot of the statues which they had formerly taken from 
the 'E.Trihoe.vQiot, v. 84. — petitioned by the Qrifixioi to aid 
them in a war against the AQyivoum, v. 80, 81. They pre- 
sent earth and water to A«£g/oc, on which account they 
become the enemies of the Afavxtoi and are impeached 
by the STra^r/jjTa/, vi. 49,— whose king K^sofceuns is des- 
patched to apprehend the principal conspirators in this 



INDEX. vii 

act of treason, vi. 50. The AtyTvYiTctt of most considera- 
tion are delivered over as hostages to the custody of the 
Adyvxtoi, vi. 73, -who some time afterwards refuse to give 
them up at the instance of AiVTv^thm who had been pre- 
viously tried and condemned on account of their reten- 
tion, vi. 85, 86. Before the commencement of the Per- 
sian war the Aiytvyiron and the AQnvxiot determine to 
settle their differences, vii. 145. The Aiylwiroti fought at 
Lct'KocfAtg, and were the most distinguished in that battle, 
viii. 46, 93. They send three golden stars as sacred pre- 
sents to AsXCpot, viii. 122. — at U^xroaxt in the army of the 
'JLKknvig, ix. 28. The wealth which they acquired in con- 
sequence of that battle, ix. 80. Their empty tumuli (#<y- 
(aktoC) discovered some years afterwards, ix. 85. 
Aiyiav, a city of Axeah in the TlihoTrovvwog, i. 145. 
Aty^osaraoty one of the cities of Aiohig in AatY), i. 149. 
Aiy-hot, a people, — probably on the frontiers of M»j&/x» in 

central Aam, iii. 92. 
Aiyoq noTctpoi, a river in the Xegaovwog ©g*ji*>M?, ix. 119. 
Aiyv7niot. — They imagined themselves to be the aborigines 
of the earth, but yet allowed priority to the <&(>vyfs, ii. 2. 
They pretend to be related to KD^og, iii. 2. The great 
peculiarity and marked difference of their laws and cus- 
toms from those of all other nations, ii. 35 et seq; — with 
which laws, however, they are quite satisfied, ii. 78, — and 
refuse to adopt any other, ii. 91. — divided into seven classes 
or casts, ii. 164. They are a healthy people on account of 
the unvariableness of the climate, but they nevertheless 
purge themselves monthly, ii. 77. The hardness of their 
heads and the reason of it, iii. 12. They need little labour 
in cultivating their land, ii. 13. The bean not cultivated 
by them, ii. 37,— and no vines growing in the country, ii. 77. 
Their barley wine, ii. 77. Oil from the plant aiKhiKVTr^toc 
(Palma Christi) from which the castor-oil is made), ii. 94. 
They live with thei? animals, ii. 36. They do not feed 
pigs, iv. 186. They sacrifice sows once a year to SfXjjyq 
and AtovDaoc, and eat the flesh, ii. 47, 48; — but after touch- 
ing the animal they perform their ablutions, ii. 47. The 
Atywrriot of the vopog OyQctios refrain- from slaying sheep, 
and sacrifice goats, ii. 42. Those of the Mevtivicuos vopog 
do the contrary, ii. 42, 46. 

Circumcision practised among the Aiyvirnot, ii. 36, 104. 
The men wear two garments, the women only one, ii. 36. 
Their garments linen and woollen, ii. 81. ointments, ii. 94. 
Their food and drink, ii. 77, 78, 92. Their manner of sa- 
lutation, ii. 80. Their poetry, ii. 79. The principal assem- 



viii INDEX. 

blies of the nation, ii. 59. Their mournings and funerals, 
ii. 85, 86. Three methods of embalming, ii. 86, 88. The 
manners and customs of the Aiyvrrriot who live in the 
marshy districts, ii. 92, 93. Their ships built of the thorn 
(uKccvdri), ii. 96. The KctKuctcts; and E^uoTvZis; a race 
of soldiers, ii. 164, 166: — their pay and privileges, ii. 167, — 
and arms both offensive and defensive, vii. 89.— held in 
great contempt by the priest-king 1-dau, ii. 141. Their 
physicians, of the highest repute in ancient times, iii. 129. 
Particular physicians for particular diseases, ii. 84. Their 
interpreters, ii. 164. Their origin from emigrant lavsg, 
who taught them the Hellenic language, ii. 154. Their 
priests, ii. 36, — who had an hereditary chief, ii. 37, — whose 
statue was always placed during his life-time in the temple 
of Zsvg at <dn%cti, ii. 143. — the wisest of men, ii. 77, 121, 
160: — celebrated for the excellence of their memory, ii. 77. 
Their inventions; — division of the year into twelve months 
named after their gods, ii. 4, 82. two modes of writing, 
ii. 36. Witticism spoken by them of the 'E?^/iveg t ii. 13. 
Their opinion with respect to the Olympic games, ii. 160. 
The Ar/uKTfot the first to assert the immortality of the 
soul, ii. 123. Fire supposed by them to be an animal, 
iii. 16. Observation of prodigies, ii. 82. Divination attri- 
buted to certain Gods, ii. 83. The Atyvxrioi the first 
founders of temples, altars, and images, ii. 4. — a most reli. 
gious nation, ii. 37. Out of their gods eight were princi- 
pal or great gods, and twelve inferior gods, ii. 145: — but 
they were all of them of a much higher antiquity than the 
gods of the 'Eaa>jj/£c, ii. 146. Almost all the names of the 
gods were introduced from AtyvTrro; into 'Ex*«r> and 
those gods whose names were not known, appear to have 
been named by the Ilshxayoi and AiZve;, ii. 50. 
Their religious rites, ii. 38 et seqq; — sacrifices ii. 39, 41, 
— which were interdicted in the reign of Xeenf/ 3 ii. 124 ; — 
but again permitted by HvksoIvo;, ii. 129. Sacred pomps 
and festivals, ii. 58, 64, Animal-worship, ii. 65. Oracles, 
ii. 83. Divination by sacrifices derived from the Aiyv- 
nrtoi/n. 57. Mysteries at 2»iV> "• 171. Agreement be- 
tween the observances of the Aiyv-zrioi and those of the 
O^QtKot, the BxKxtKot, and the TLvt>xyoo:toi, ii. 81. Gods 
reigned in Atyvxro; before men, ii. 144. Three hundred 
and thirty kings in Ar/wro;, of whom the first was M/;>;;, 
ii. 99, 100. Principal kin<rs, ii. 101, 102, 111, 112, 121, 124, 
127, 129, 136, 137, 141,~147, 158, 160, 161, 172; iii. 10. 
The troubles of the AiyvirTiot under two of their kings, 
ii. 124 — 12S. Alteration of the "ovcrnmcnt on the resto- 



INDEX. ix 

ration of liberty, and the appointment of twelve kings, ii. 
147. The AtyvTTtot defeated by the Kv^uutoiy and con- 
sequent revolt from Av^t-ng, iv. 159. Proclamation of 
Apccaig, ii. 162, — in whose reign there was great prospe- 
rity in Atyvxrog, ii. 177. The AiywxTtoi, in the reign of 
Yappnvnog, defeated by Kctp^voYig, iii. 10 et seqq. They 
are put to death by Koif&Gvwg the conqueror of their 
country for celebrating the festival of Ar/j, iii. 27, 29. In 
the reign of Accgetog they withdraw from the Persian yoke, 
vii. 1 ; — but are again subjugated by 3sq%vis, vii. 7. They, 
together with the <&oi»Usg, aid in victualling the army of 
the IleQaxt for their expedition against the 'Ex**^, vii. 25, 
— and provide two hundred ships, vii. 89. The AtyvnTioi 
celebrated in naval warfare, viii. 17. 
Atyvwrtog, a certain man with an extraordinary loud voice 

iv. 141. 
Aiyvmog (q) an artificial soil produced by the Nf/Ao?, ii. 5. 
All this country, except the district of 0>j€«/, marshy, ii. 4. 
Aiyvmos defined by the oracle of A/apau, ii. 18. Its ex- 
tent, ii. 5, 8, 15, 17, 149. Its situation opposite to moun- 
tainous KtTuKw, ii. 34. The frontier country of Aatyj kui 
A&vyi, ii. 16,— bordering upon AiQvyi, ii. 65. Entrance- 
roads and boundaries of Aiyvnrog, iii. 5. The nature of 
the country, ii. 8. Its soil different from the soils of the 
neighbouring countries, ii. 12. The inundations of the 
Ng/Aof, ii. 97. and consequent fertility of the country, 
ii. 14. The heat of the water of the Ng-fAoj during the 
night, as compared with that of the clear atmosphere and 
dew, ii. 68. The regularity of the climate, ii. 77. — not 
abounding with wild animals, ii. 65; ftQOKohftot, ii. 68 — 
70; — Ikkoi oi noraptot, ii. 71 ; — &ihg (resembling the cur- 
lew), ii. 75 — 77; — gregarious birds, ii. 93; — horned ser- 
pents, ii. 74; -winged serpents, ii. 75; — other animals, 
ii. 14, 42, 47, 60, 65, 67, 72, 95 ; iv. 186. The country 
productive of the papyrus (/3v€aoj), the 'Kurog (Rhamnus 
Lotus, Linn.) and lilies (%g/j/g«), ii. 92; — aCKhiwx^tQv, ii. 94; 
— the radish, onions (Kgoftpvot), and garlick, ii. 125. 
Intersected with canals, and on that account unfit for the 
use of cavalry and carriages, ii. 108. It contains more 
wonderful things than any other country, ii. 35. — divided 
into districts (vopoi), ii. 1 64 ; — afterwards into twelve por- 
tions or kingdoms, ii. 1 47. Prosperity in the reign of A^£- 
otg, and its twenty thousand towns, ii. 177. The ancient 
history of AiyvxTog, 99 et seqq. ; destruction threatened 
to it by Kctf&ZDawg, iii. 3. The YiiQaoci take possession of 
it, iii. 7—10. It becomes tributary to the Jl^uui, iii. 91. 



x INDEX. 

Aithovpog (the cat), extremely attached to its young, ii. 66. 

The mode of its burial among the Aiyvxnot, ii. 67. 
Aitiiorrss, a people in the interior of AtQvy, how civilized, ii. 30. 

bordering upon Atyvrrog, subdued by K»(*&v<mg y iii- 97. 

Aifoovres uoftuhg, ii.29. — T^ay'hohvroii: — their customs, iv. 183. 
— ex mg Aoing, straight-haired OQvrQ'xeg'), — probably situ- 
ated in the south of central Aain and near the Hsfitxctvtoi, 
iii. 94. vii. 70. 

Various kinds of AifaoTrsg in the army of Be^yg, vii. 69, 70. 
They practise circumcision, ii. 104. — long-lived (ftuxgoZioi), 
iii. 23. Their character, &c, iii. 20. Conferences of their 
king with the lxdvoQxyoi, whom KotpGiiavig had sent to 
them as ambassadors, iii. 21 — 23. The unsuccessful ex- 
pedition of Kcty&voYiq against them, iii. 17, 21 — 25. The 
semen of the males supposed to be black, iii. 101. The 
situation of their country Atdionrn, its description, &c, 
iii. 114. °2ioacrT£tc was the only king of AtywTrrog who 
placed them in subjection, ii. 110. 

Aifcocy a chain of mountains in the country of the 2*t^*/ 
north of Qgn'ixy, and extending eastward ar far as the Hov- 
rog Ev&ivog, iv. 49. 

Aivstot, a city in the south of MaxeSowy?, vii. 123. 

Atitwibvift>og, the son of UccTotixo;, an attendant upon ' Iarxo- 
x.£UTng, vii. 154. — the father of ©qgay, vii. 165. 

Atuo;, a city of 0£>ji";o?, on the east bank of the E£poc, just 
at its mouth, iv. 90 ; vii. 58. 

Aiuv^u, ret, a city in Ogw'xy opposite the island of "Zctfiofyw'xri, 
vi. 47. 

AioKssc, anciently called HeKotayoi, vii. 95. Their country 
invaded and subdued by Kgouxog, i. 6, 26, 28. They are 
willing to submit to Kvgog, i. 141. The Aioheeg and luvtg 
the hereditary slaves of KotftGvaYig, ii. 1. — tributary to A«. 
quo;, iii. 90. — captured by 'T^xj on the coast of Ihietg, v. 
122. — in the fleet of Hifag, vii. 95. The Ato^teg in pos- 
session of 2>jffT0f, ix. 115. 

Aiohig, on the west coast of Asia Minor, v. 123; vii. 176. Its 
eleven cities, five of which were situated on islands, i. 1 49, 
151. The people unite their wealth with that of the lung, 
who were situated to the south of them, i. 149, 151. One 
of its towns burnt, viii. 35. 

Aio^og, the father of Adxpecg, vii. 197. 

AtoMiog, the father of Tyvog, iv. 150. 

AtoxtvYig, the son of ^SoQav of E^st^iyi ; his consideration for 
the Afauaiot in the Persian war, vi. 100. 

Ai<rx,(>sy)g, the father of AvxoftvihYig, viii. 1 1 . 

AtoxgiuuiY), a tribe of the See^/o/, iii. 26. 



INDEX. xi 

Atoxvhog the tragic poet, the son of Ev(po^au t ii. 1 56. 
AtjuTTost the author of the fables, ii. 134. 
Atrofhig v) %aqvi in 'E~Kh»g> west of <^axtg, vi. 127. 
Atrofhog, M&7\yis the brother of Ttrogftog, a man of extraor- 
dinary strength, vi. 127. 
Axocvdv (the thorn), ships were made of the wood of this 

tree by the Aiyvntrio^ ii. 96. 
AKccvtioi, a city near Mount A&ag in ©gqixi}, vi. 44. The 

Axctvdtoi admitted by Ht^ng to the rights of hospitality 

among the Persians, and presented with the Median dress, 

vii. 116. Their sea, vii. 22. 
A%oi(>voivtYi, a district in the west of 'Ehhotg without the Ilg- 

KoTrouvYiaog, contiguous to AtraTag, ii. 10. 
AKtQoihoi, natives of Africa, supposed to have eyes in their 

breasts, iv. 191. 
AKYu>ccToc t a prophet in the temple of the Ae*<po/, viii. 57. 
AKyg, a river of Act* flowing into the K«ffw;jj &A\uaat\ y iii. 

117. Its source, ib. 
AmuotKYig ; — the scymitar of Agvg, to which annual sacrifices 

were made by the 'Sx.v&oii, iv. 62. the ^Kvdott in making 

covenants dipped the ocxtvotxYig in a vessel of blood and 

wine, iv. 70. A Persian uxwotxvig was thrown by Se^g 

into the ' E'h.'hwxovrog, vii. 54. 
AxguyccvTiMt, in Itxehtn ; — they inhabited the city of Kotftt- 

xog, and &n^av was one of their kings, vii. 165, 170. 
AxgoutpiYiy a city of Botany, on the eastern border of the Ka- 

7rocig 'kipvviy viii. 135. 
A^/o-zof, the father of Asei>ee>7, vi. 53. 
Axgo&yor/, a city situated within the isthmus on which Mount 

A&yg stands in 0^i'xyj, vii. 22. 
Ax^'TTohtg of A&yivoci stormed and taken by the Tls^auiy viii. 

52, 53. 
A> etQcculec, a city of <I>£yy/» in Aain, viii. 136. 
Araketvlot in K#^w, nearly east of MfrYirog, vii. 195. 
A^a^Jg, the king of the Bagxeuo/, slain by the people in the 

wyo(>vi, iv. 164. 
A*u£ausg, a tribe of Sxvdot/, iv. 17. 
A^et^tn ($), a city built by the Qaxoctseg in Kvpuog (Corsica), 

i. 165. 
Ahccgohot, a people of Ao-ty, between the Uourog Ev%eivog and 

the Keurvw dxhuaav, in the army of Segfuc, Hi. 94. Their 

armour and their general, vii. 79. 
Axefjewfyoff, the son of U^tet^og, who abduced 'E*si»j, i. 3j— 

but was driven by contrary winds upon the coast of At- 

yvvTog, and obliged there to leave her and the'property of 



xii INDEX. 

MsvsTiws which he had carried off with her, ii. 113 — 115. 
In the Kv7r^ioc emot, however, he is related to have made 
the voyage from 2;t#£t>j to Iktov in three days, ii. 117. 

Ahe^cti/ZQog the son of Apvurrig and a king of Mccx,tooviYi, v. 19; 
vii. 173. — adjudged to be an 'Ext^yiu at the games of Q\vf/.- 
kix, where he distinguished himself, v. 22. He puts to 
death at an entertainment the haughty ambassadors of the 
Ilsgoxt at his father's court, v. 19, 21. He sends friendly 
advice to the 'EXAyji^at ©s^om/Xa/ upon the approach 
of Bs^/ig with his army, vii. 173. He is sent by MagSowo; 
as an ambassador to AQwut, viii. 136. He counsels the 
AQnvcLioi to make peace with the Ilegeou, viii. 140. He 
betrays the cause of Moefiovtog to the AQwuioi at IlXa- 
rottoct, ix. 44,45. A golden statue of him at Aehipoi, viii. 121. 

Ahivcthxty kings of ©£<r<ra>i/)7, who sent heralds to Ss^/ig to 
petition aid against the 'Etoyveg, vii. 6. — oppressors of the 
people, vii. 172, 

AhYi'iov to irebou, in KA/x/«, vi. 95. 

' AbtecKftuu, a river of MccksZouiyi, which, according to 'H^o- 
oorog, falls into the AvZiyg, and with it forms the boundary 
of Borrtccug and Maxgdowc, vii. 127. 

' AhiKcc(>vYi(r<ref.<;, people of Aa^i;, and auxiliaries of Starts 
under the command of their queen A^rsfnatn, vii. 99. 

' ATuKotQvwaog, a city of the Aagtssg in Aav on the coast of 
the Hovrog Atyoitos, ii. 178, — near the country of the IIjj- 
oocuag, viii. 104. It was excluded from offering sacrifices 
at the shrine of A.iro'KKav Tfiiontog, and participating in the 
festivals, i. 144. 

Akihur, another name for Ov^ctvin a city of AgotGiYi, iii. 8. 

AXittcc, the name among the Aqot&ioi for AtpgohiTv, i. 131. 

A~kx.ce.icg, the son of ' HgeexkeYig, i. 7. 

another, the poet ; his flight, after which the Afavxtoi 

hung up his arms at Liyncv, v. 95. 

Akxotfisuyig, the son of Tvikix-ksYig, vii. 204. 

AkxsTng, the father of Apvuryg, viii. 139. 

A^KYivcofi, an A^yuog, i. 82. 

A*Kt£iocivig, the father of KAtmflK who was the most distin- 
guished of the Afavceiot in naval warfare against Hs&ng, 
viii. 17. 

Akx.tficty.og, the father of EvQofiog, vi. 101. 

Akx.pauuv, the father of MsyxKkr,g the political opponent of 
HnataT^otrog, i. 59. 

another, the son of the above Meyuxkeyg, who having 

assisted K^otaog in consulting the oracle of the AskQoi, was 
rewarded with as much gold as he could carry off at once : 



INDEX. xiii 

— he was a victor at the games of OKvpniu, vi. 125. He 
was the father of that MzyaKhsYig who married AyotyoTYi 
the daughter of KXeiafawg, vi. 127. 

ATiKfcouauilctt, a distinguished family in Adyvou, vi. 125. — in 
a state of pollution (svxyeeg)- on account of their conduct 
to liuaiar^ct rog^ i. 61, 64. Their banishment by the 11?/- 
atarQocrihccty during which they aid in building the temple 
of the A?A<po/, v. 62. They liberate Adject from the tvqocu- 
v/f, vi. 123. — celebrated throughout C EAA«?, vi. 126—131. 
They form a faction against lauyo^ng, v. 66. — expelled from 
h&fivni but afterwards restored, v. 69 — 73. They are said 
to have purposely held up their shields to the Hi^axt after 
their defeat at Mccgxfait, and this was imputed to them as 
a crime, vi. 115, — which story, however, 'Hgolorog discre- 
dits, vi. 121, 124. 

AhK/uyiuv}, the mother of r H^ojxAj^, ii. 43, 145. 

Aa%<sw, a Mohoacog, one of the suitors of Ayugtaryi, vi. 127. 

A7\o$, a city of A^a/iV? (otherwise <&6taTig } ) in QwtciKin, vii. 
173, 197. 

AAtdjvo/, a road or street at 0?^oTi/Aee* to which the 'E?\- 
"Kyveg retired, vii. 176, 229. 

A*7r/;, a river (supposed by some to be the Rhine), iv. 49. 

' AAc (native salt), iv. 53. procured from a lake in <S?Qvytr), vii. 
30. Hills of salt in the deserts of A&vy, iv. 181, 182, 183. 
A salt mine and buildings of salt, iv. 185. 

A"hvctTTYi$ succeeds Icchvocrrng in the kingdom of Avhvi, who 
continues the war against the M/A>jg7o/ carried on by his 
father, i. 16 — 19. In an illness he asks advice of the oracle 
and makes peace with QQocavfiovhog the rv^uwog of the 
Mihyvioi,!. 19 — 22, — and on his recovery dedicates presents 
at AsA<po*, i. 25. — at war with Kvec^oc^ng and the M>jBo/, 
and on what account, i. 16, 73, 74. He expels the K/^tc- 
fte(iioi from Aatv), i. 16. His death, and the length of his 
reign fifty-seven years, i. 25. His celebrated tomb, i. 93, 

f AAy?, a river of Aatn rising in Mount Tuvgog, and forming 
the boundary line of the two parts of Aatvi, i. 72 ; v. 52 ; 
vii. 26. crossed by K^owog, i. 75. 

Axipevg and Magcou, the sons of O^aiCpca/Tog, who distinguished 
themselves at ©r^oTryA*/, vii. 227. 

A"hax£KUi t a village in Attikyi near AQviuoit, v. 63. 

Ap,ot£ov£g y a nation of women in the vicinity of the river 0?^- 
/ucodau in Aairi (called by the IkvQxi, Qio^7ra.roc\ at war with 
the c EAA>?i/>j£, iv. 110. Some of them are cast upon the 
shore of the LkvQou ; a battle ensues and they are disco- 
vered to be women, upon which the ^.kvQoci send a number 
of young men to their tents : — a friendly intercourse and 



xiv INDEX. 

marriages ensue, and the A/xx^oveg learn the language of 
the ?*KvQcti t iv. ill— 1 16 ;— whence arose the Ixvoo/uutxi, 
iv. 117. 
KfAu.^vihfiU from the river Qs^aZtuu make inroads upon Ar- 

tikvi, ix. 27. 
AfAxdovc, a city of Kvirgog, besieged by Oi/wftog the king of 
SotXccftTs, v. 104; but relieved by the approach of the Ileg- 
aoci, v. 108. 
Apetdovctot : —they revolt from the M»j5o/, v. 104. They pay 

divine honours to Ovwi^og after his death, v. 114. 
KfAcurtg, an Aiywxriog of low origin, ii. 172. After the slaughter 
of the Kv^vutot by the Atyvnriot, he is proclaimed king 
by the rebels instead of Awy/is, whom he afterwards con- 
quers at McofAipQts and delivers over as a captive to the 
AtyvTrriot, ii. 161—163, 169. The crafty manner in which 
he vindicates the obscurity of his origin, ii. 172. His man- 
ner of life, ii. 173, 174. His wife AuIikyi, a native of Ky- 
PYiw> makes a vow to AQqoZitvi, ii. 181. He is a QiXsKhyv 
{a friend to the ' EKhws;), ii. 1 78. He introduces the laves 
and KctQeg as his foreign body-guards, ii. 154. 2oXai> at 
his court, i. 30. He forms a friendly alliance with the 
Kv^Yiveciot, ii. 181,— and makes a treaty with Kgourog, i. 77. 
He dissolves an agreement of friendly hospitality (£e/w«) 
with HohvK^otTY^ of loc/xos on account of the too great 
good-fortune of the latter, iii. 40, 43. He was the first 
who took Kw(>og and made it tributary, ii. 182. KxpGvoYi; 
asks for the hand of his daughter, and he deceives him by 
sending, instead of her, N/t*?tk the daughter of Anting ; 
— war in consequence between the TLs(>aou and Atywrtoi, 
iii. 1. 2, — at the commencement of which Ap&w; dies, 
iii. 10. Great works completed in his reign, ii. 175, 176. 
Sacred offerings sent by him into 'E*.~Kag, ii. 182. 

another, M<st£06<p/oj, a general of the Persian infantry 

against the Bctgxxiot, iv. 167. He takes Boc^xyi by stra- 
tagem after a long siege, but afterwards fails in investing 
Kv£y)uyi, iv. 203. 

ApetviYig, a native of n«>X>ji/>7, a citizen of Ad/ivou, who be- 
gan the battle at "Sethetftlg, viii. 84. He pursued Aoriftiot* 
in her flight, on which account great praise was bestowed 
on him, viii. 93. 

A l usevox.7^y)c, the possessor of lands at Iqinoig, and much en- 
riched by the shipwreck which the n^o-os/ there suffered, 
vii. 190. 

A^yjffT^/?, the daughter of Orecuw and the wife of S?ef>jc 
vii. 61, 114. Her jealousy and cruelty towards the wife of 
MxirtvT/);, ix. 111. 



INDEX. xv 

AfuctuTos, one of the suitors of Ay«g/or«, vi. 127. 

' A/xfoKecg, the son of 'Ai/wk a king of the K«^>jSo«//o/, who 
disappeared in a surprising manner during the battle with 
Teha*, vii. 165, 167 ; — after which the Ku^^ovtot paid him 
divine honours, vii. 167. 

Appcju, his oracle in AiQvyi, i. 46 ; ii. 32. The origin of this 
oracle, ii. 55. 

Aftftaiuot, colonists of Aiyv7criQi and AtQioveg, ii. 42. They 
have a temple of Zivg derived from that of the Zsvg G/i- 
Sxavg, iv. 181. The ill-fated expedition of KapZvong 
against them, iii. 25, 26. Their king Ei-saggo;, ii. 32. 

Afiofx,<px$sTos, a 27ra£T/)jT)7?, whose obstinacy prevented the 
'EhTwveg at TlTiecrottott from retiring in one body to Mount 
Ktdect^au, ix. 53, 57. His valour at the battle of n>*T«/a/. 
ix. 71. how buried, ix. 85. 

AftogyYis, a general of the Ue^crxt, v. 121. 

Aftovv, the name given to Zivg by the Atyvvrtot, ii. 42. 

A^n-s^o?, a golden vine, vii. 27. 

the cape of Togou/w, vii. 122. 

A/tKYi, a city upon the Egy^>j dc&KoctJorn at the mouth of the 
Tty^tg, vi. 20. 

AfA^^etKtaretiy a people north of Akcc^uukyi, adjacent to the 
0£<x9rgfcTo/, viii. 47 ; ix. 28, 31. 

Af&vdtav, the father of MsTioc/xTroug, ii. 49. 

AftvuTYis, the son of AAjcstwc, viii. 139. He gives up the city 
Avdsfiovs in MecKshoutYi to ' It^^, v. 94. He sends earth 
and water to Aetpiog, v. 17, 18, — and does not even at- 
tempt to restrain the insolent conduct of the ambassadors 
of the UsQaou, v. 1 8, 20. He was the father of AAgfjoe^oc, 
vii. 173; viii. 136, 139, — and of Yvyo&ir}, viii. 136; v. 21. 

another from Aovw, the son of BovQocqyis, viii. 136. 

Aftvgytot, a tribe among the Iwdctt, vii. 64. 

Apvyg, called the wise, the father of Aupocrog, vi. 127. 

AftufiTxtosj king of A/yvrroc, ii. 1 40. He did much injury 
to the riggeroe/, iii. 1 5. 

ApQiK%eag, his temple and oracle at 0«£a/, i. 46. viii. 134. 
The truth of the oracle proved, and presents sent to it by 
Kgotaog, i. 52. 

the father of A^<pAo^oc, iii. 91. 

AfiQtKeiioCj a city of Quxig, viii. 33. 

AfA<ptK%otTnc, the king of the "Zoifiiot, iii. 59. 

AftQixTvovig, their seats at QegftoTrvhoa near the village of 
AvOriKviy vii. 200. They undertake the building of the 
temple of the AtkQoi ii. 1 80 ; v. 62. The 'Exxjj^c slain at 
®e^07rv'hui honoured by them with inscriptions and co- 
lumns, vii. 228. They excommunicate the traitor E@<*v 
rvig, vii. 213. 



xvi INDEX. 

AptpiKTvuv, his temple, and that also of A^w/jr/jg AptyiKtv- 
ovis, vii. 200. 

ApQthoxfiS* the son of AftQixgeas, who lived in the city of 
lioatih-nhu after the destruction of T^otio, iii. 91 ; vii. 91. 

Afitpftvros, a diviner of AKx^vxvt^ i. 62. 

AftQifAvwroz, a suitor of Ayx^iarn, vi. 127. 

AuQioox, a city of the 0£oA«/ Aqk^oi, viii. 32. 

Af&<piT(>vuy, the father of ' H^xKhng, vi. 53. origin from A/- 
yyTrroj, ii. 43. He presented a tripod at ©>£«/ a/ Bo*ar<yy, 
v. 59. 

Afitpiau, his lame daughter AxQox, who was the mother of 
Kvipshos, v. 92. 

AvctdyftuTx, (votive offerings,) at AsA£o/ by Tv/yc, i. 14. by 
' AKvxttyis, i. 25. by K^o/ao?, i. 51, 92. by the courtezan 
'Po&ysv.c, ii. 135. by M/B*jj-, i. 1 4. by the Axxelxtftouioi, i. 
51. by the 'E^^nusc out of the spoils of the TLsgoxi, ix. 81. 
seen by S^fw.c in the temple of the AeX0o/, viii. 35. 

of Agluv at Txtvxgou, i. 24. of Kgoiao; to different 

temples, i. 92. by Apxaig to the temples of Etoac, ii. 182. 
by ®sQai/ in the temple of the Sun, ii. ill. 

Auxxgeav of T^of, the intimate of Tlohvx^xrv\g, iii. 121. 

Ai<ei»TO£/o/, a people on the coast of Axxoyxutr h — at U>x- 
txixi, ix. 28. 

Avx%,xvl%ihng t the son of Aeau and a king of lirx^rr^ i. 67 ; 
v. 39 ; vii. 204. His first wife, whom he loved, had no 
children, and he was obliged by the EQogoi to marry again, 
in order that the race of Eupvcfavg might not be extinct, 
v. 39, 41. His four sons in consequence, v. 41 ; vii. 205. 

another, the son of ©soro^-o?, vii. 205. 

Ai/x^xul^og, the son of Evoyx^xTng, vii. 204. 

Avx\i~htug t the son of A^/d^o^, viii. 131. 

another, the son of K^nnvng and the rvoxwog of 'P»i- 

yiov, who with his father-in-law T>j£/A>g; invited ' Apfo- 
xxg into 2/*f?u>7> vii. 165. Being at enmity with the Zxy- 
x.*xtoi t he counsels the IxfAiai to seize upon Zxyx^y, vi. 23. 

Avxvx, a city of the (Pgvyeg, vii. 30. 

AvxQng, the son of Orxvvig, the general of the Kigom in the 
army of Hffag, vii. 62. 

AuxtptyaTos, a village in the southern part of Arrtxr,, iv. 99. 

Avx-frxyiKy a wise "ZkuQ/i;, iv. 46. After his return from his 
travels to ^.KvdixYi, he was killed during a service to the 
Mother of the gods, iv. 76. Another account credited 
among the 'EKhwsg, iv. 77. The ^LxvQxt denied all know- 
ledge of him, iv. 76. 

A-Aor.c, the ancestor of KteiotisnYi; of 2/*K<yy, vi. 126. 

Avhoix:, (the statue of a man) having in his hand the beak of 
a ship dedicated at A?X;To/, viii. 121. Many of them dedi- 



INDEX. xvii 

cated at 0"Kvfi7rtYi by M/xv0o?, vii. 170. Large statues 
erected at MspQiz before the temple of ' H<pxt<rTog y «• HO. 
Two allegorical of Summer and Winter by 'Pos^wroc, 
ii. 121. A statue of leQau king of AtyvKTog, ii. 141. of 
A^e^ocvh^og o MxKtbaVy viii. 121. 

AulgoQovhog, the father of Tipow, vii. 141. 

Aufyooocpccg, the father of Qso^nara^ viii. 85 ; ix. 90. 

Kiih^oK^xTYig 6 i}Qijg: — his shrine, ix. 25. 

Avh^ofAihriy the daughter of K.Yi<pevg and the wife of Us^ivg, 
by whom she had a son Ue^Yig, vii. 61, 150. 

Avisos, an island of the Aiyxtov '7c€ha,yog i iv. 33. It is one 
of the KvxKcclss, v. 31. viii. 111. Aul^tot, followers of 
Se^nu viii. 66. They refuse to give money to Q)sy.iaro- 
Khnns, viii. 111. 

Aul%o(pa.yot, a most ferocious people, iv. 18, 102, 106,— who 
refused to assist the 1kv6xi in their war with the tte%<roc/, 
and fled upon the approach of Aags/o?, iv. 119, 125. 

Avs/xog (wind) ~2T(>vp,oi/tYig, viii. 118. 'EtoYiavovTiYig, vii. 188. 
The annual winds do not affect the Ns/Aoj, ii. 20. An army 
buried in the sand by the wind, iii. 26. An expedition 
against the winds by the TyAAo/, iv. 173. An altar to the 
winds at Qvr/i, vii. 178. worshipped by the Usgvxt, i. 131. 
Boys sacrificed to them by MsusMag, ii. 119. charmed by 
the Mocyoty vii. 191. 

Avyizujtoc, the father of Swe^tonf, vii. 134. 

another, the son of 2^-5^/17?, sent as an ambassador by 

the ActKihuifAoviot into Aain and killed on his way by the 
A6r\vutot, vii. 137. 

AvOspcovg, a town in MoiKeho»r/i given up to ' Inn-tvis, v. 94. 

AvSYihriy a town at QegpoTrv'hoti where the ApQtT^vovsg had 
their seats, vii. 176, 200. 

Aj/0t»AA>7, a city in AiyuTrrog, whose appointed business it was 
to furnish the sandals of the queen of the reigning mo- 
narch in Aiyv7TTog, ii. 98. 

Avuau, a K»^x>^ QvtQ ?> father of ApfaKugy vii. 165. 

AvoKotiu, a mountain path at ©s^oo-isAa/, vii. 216. 

Avrecyogug, the father of ' Hyviro^Yig, ix. 76. 

AvrxKottot, large whales so called, iv. 53. 

Auretufyog v) Tlihccayig in the T^uocg taken by OrduYig, V. 26. 
vii. 42. 

AuTtiagog, a native of Aypvog who deserted from Ss^vs to 
the side of the 'E7\*Yi!/eg, viii. 1 1. 

AvrtKv^y a city in the south of <s>e<raafow at the mouth of 
the river 2-Trg^s/o?, vii. 198, 213. 

AvTtoxog y the father of TiaotfAtvog, ix. 33. 

[B] 



xviii INDEX. 

Kvriirex.f^y the son of Opyvc, who apprised theQuoiot that 
four hundred talents had been spent in providing a supper 
for Ss^yg, vii. 118. 

AuTiQ/ifiog of 'PoSo?, vii. 153. 

AvTtftXgYig, JLXsaviog, v. 43. 

Apurrti, a king of AiyvKrog and the successor of Anv%ig\ blind; 
dethroned by ~2si£ctK0)g the king of AtdioTtYi, but restored 
fifty years afterwards, ii. 137, 140. 

a city in Aiywrog, from which the above monarch 

came, ii. 137. One of the districts was called by this name, 
ii. 166. 

Avvtrog, the father of TsT^a^j/jja-ro?, vii. 98. 

Af/o?, a river of MaxeSowq, separating MwyZovm from Bor- 
Tiotti'g, vii. 123, 124. 

Afjo?, a town on the northern coast of Konrn, iv. 154. 

A7rot^vroci, a people of central Aair,, iii. 91. 

ATiec t the name for Ty among the ^x.v6ut who paid her di- 
vine honours, iv. 59. 

Anihctvog, also called Hftlxvog, a river of Ofaaechtv falling 
into the Uyusiog, vii. 129, 196. 

At/?, a god of Aiyvrrrog, for whom a vestibule was built at 
Mefifptg by Yctf&ftiTtxog; — the same as the Eirodpog of the 
'EMyutg, ii. 153. His appearance to the AiyvTnot, and 
the festival in consequence. Description of Avrig, iii. 27, 28. 
ridiculed and put to death by KotftZvavig, iii. 29. 

«■ a city of AiyvTrroc bordering upon A&vyi, ii. 18. 

AnotooQccuyg, the father of B«tcc*ty);, vi. 26. 

AnoKhav, the Cl^og of the Aiyurrm, who was the son of 
Ovists and laig, — hidden by his nurse A^ra, ii. 156. His 
oracle, ii. 83. His temple at Bovra in AtyvKTog y ii. 155, 
156. A fountain sacred to him in A<£t/>7, iv. 158. He 
hangs up the skin of 2/X>jvoj MetgavYig in a city of the 
Q^vysg, vii. 26. He is said to have gone with Ayr nan to 
the city of the McncrtrTftw, iv. 15. — called Onoovocc by 
the 2kv0oii, iv. 59. 

Games celebrated by the Aaotssg in honour of AxoXA&v 
TgtoKiog, i. 144. He had a rich temple and an oracle at 
AS*/, viii. 33. Worship paid to him at ^.ttccdty,, vi. 57. 
A statue of him at 0ooj/«| in ActKai/txv, i. 69. A temple 
of AffoXXav lafir.uiog at Qr&ott ruv BotaTui/ y i. 52, 92 ; v. 59. 
His answer sought for in the victims of sacrifice, viii. 134. 
Atto^^cju TLraog, his temple at Qy£x/ } viii. 135. AtoKXuv 
TLvOtog called by K^oioog the god of the 'H'Khweg, i. 90. 
When invoked by Kooiaog he extinguishes the fire of the 
burning-pile, i. 87. He gives Kgowog a reason for his pro- 



INDEX. xix 

phecies, i. 90, 91. His arms suddenly appear in the temple 
of the As7i(pot t viii. 37. 

AnoXkavtvi, a city on the western coast of the Uourog Ev- 
fjg/j/oc, iv. 90, 93. 

another, in the loviog KoKirog, where the sacred sheep of 

the sun were pastured, ix. 92, 93. 

A^Qtvig, a king of AtyvKrog, the son of Yxpfitg, the most 
fortunate of those monarchs ; at war with the QowlKsg, ii. 
161. The AAvss in the neighbourhood of Kvgwn submit 
themselves to him : in a war, however, with the Kvqyl- 
vctiot shortly afterwards the AiyuvTiot revolt and choose 
A/xotatg for their king : Airing is subsequently vanquished 
and taken prisoner, and he soon after dies, iv. 159, 161, 
169. 

Aget€/>7, its situation, climate, &c. iii. 107; iv. 39. The na- 
ture of its soil, ii. 12. The odour of its spices, &c. iii. 112. 
A mountain in this country is mentioned by "Hgolorog, 
ii. 8. 

AgotQioi, — their intercourse with their women, i. 198. a faith- 
ful people; their mode of making an agreement, iii. 8. 
Their use of the camel in war, vii. 86. A free people. They 
allow KccpSvayg to pass into AtyvxTog, iii. 9, 88, 91. They 
pay Aocgetog a thousand talents of frankincense, iii. 97. 
Their armour and general in the army of Seg&g, vii. 69. 

Agct&og 6 Ko^TTog, ii. 1 1 ; iv. 39. 

A(>oi%vig, a river not certainly known, falling into the Ketovnvi 
$<x."KxoraYi, i. 202; iii. 36; iv. 11. 40. A bridge built over it 
by Kv^ogy i. 205. 

A(ioc(>og t a river of IkvOmyi flowing southward into the lar^og, 
iv. 48. 

A(>ycc%Yis, the son of lav, v. 66. 

A^yotiogy the father of Qfaiwirog and the son of HsfiiKxrig, 
viii. 139. 

ApyotvOuvicx;, a king of the Totgryioatot who reigned eighty 
and lived a hundred-and-twenty years. His friendship 
with the <Pax,cueeg: his death, i. 163, 165. 

Aoyan the wife of A^tarohvi^og a king of 29r«^r>j, vi. 52. 

A^yuoi, the ancestors of the Jle^aea, vii. 1 50. They took 
part with UohwuKYtg in besieging ®n€xt, ix. 27. They 
excelled the rest of the '^KMvig in their knowledge of 
music, iii. 131. A share of the kingly power demanded by 
Mehapirovs as a reward for a military service, ix. 34 ; They 
are in the pay of liuatar^Mrog in an expedition against the 
AQnvuioi, i. 61. Their war with the Actxehouftovtoi concern- 
ing Qv^iYi : their defeat, and the law which they enacted in 
consequence, obliging themselves to keep their heads 
[ b 2 ] 



xx INDEX. 

shaven until the recovery of Qvftsy, i. 82. called by the 
AtyiuYirxi to aid them in a war against the AQwcuot, v. 86, 
— which aid, however, they refuse on account of the non- 
payment of a fine which was due to them, vi. 92. On the 
defeat of Kteoftsuw;, vi. 78, the Slaves of the A^ysiot seize 
upon the government, and afterwards on their expulsion 
they take possession of Ti^wc, and there remain for some 
time in arms against their masters, vi. 83. They refuse to 
join the Hellenic confederacy against the TLegaxi and re- 
main neutral, vii. 148, 152. They are reported to have 
induced Ssq&s to invade 'E>^ug, vii. 152. A renewal of 
their alliance with the Tlsgoxt, vii. 150, 151. They send a 
message to Mctfioviog, ix. 12. Abduction of their women 
by the 3>om~»g.c, i. 1. Their madness, ix. 34. 

K(>yihos, an Hellenic town of B/aaAr/jj in Q^yHkyj, west of the 
mouth of the ^rgvpay, vii. 115. 

A^y/o7r/o,', a place in Botany near the river MoXog/^, ix. 57. 

A^yi'7r , 7rcttQi i a people to the north-east of the IkvQcu ; their 
manners, &c. iv. 23. 

A^yoTw?, a district in the north-east of the TIsKokovvwos, i- 82. 

Agyog, atone time the most distinguished city of 'EAA«?,i. 1. 
deserted by the free citizens and occupied entirely by 
slaves, vi. 83. on friendly terms with the Ui(>ffoti, vii. 150. 

Agyov aAffoc, ^ar Agyoc, a place of refuge for the Agyitot 
which was set on fire by KMo/usur,;, vi. 80. 

A^yvQog (silver) not in use among the IxvOat, iv. 71, — nor the 
Mscfffffltygra/, i. 215. found in great quantities in Avlty, v. 
49. (otgyvgiov) Mines in MaKthovm not far from the lake 
Ugxaias, v. 17. A mine of the Afavxio/ near the southern 
promontory of Attixyi, vii. 144. Mines on Mount Llccy- 
ycctos, vii. 112. Its value as compared with gold, iii. 95. 
otgyvgioy Aoyctvhixov, iv. 166. 

Agy*», the ship so called, vii. 193. built beneath Mount Tln- 
T^iou by Ynoav, iv. 179. Aoyovg vTrtZctrctt (the Argonauts), 
— their descendants expelled from Avftvog, and received by 
the AoiKsZoctftovio/, iv. 145. 

AhgQixxu, a village of Aaav^Yi a little north of BaZv'huu, 
i. 185. 

another in the Ktaatyi )c a ^> inhabited by some captive 

EggT£/o/, vi. 1 1 9. 

Afivs, the son of Tvyng and the father of Lothvccrr-^ the rv- 
Qctuuog cf letfiis, who attacked Mtln rog, i. 15. 

Aqsich, a people (inhabiting a large district east of Mv^ikyi, a 
part of the modern Khorassan,) iii. 93. A^iot most anci- 
ently called Mviboi, vii. 62. Their numbers and armour in 
the army of Uteris, vii. 66. 



INDEX. xxi 

A^n'iog Kayos, an eminence in Afinuett opposite the AKPoiroXr, 

viii. 52. 
A^j : — a festival celebrated in honour of him at Hwk^^i in 

AiywTrrog, ii. 63, 64. His oracle in Aiyvirrog, ii. 83; 

among the Xoihv^tg a nation of the ^.kvOou, vii. 76. The 
principal god of the 2w0*/:— his temple in each district 
iv. 59, 62. 
AgistZtyvyg, the son of AocQsiog and an admiral in the fleet 
of his brother Ssfag, vii. 97. He fell at the battle of 2«- 
'Kupig, viii. 89. 
Aqixvtxs, a king of the IkvQou, iv. 81. 
AyxnuQyis, a king of the 2*t/l«/ , — his death, iv. 76, 78. 
A(>ioc(>ufti/r)s, a TLego-yg favourable to the I&>vsg, viii. 90. 
A^/cktfuc, a rv^otuvog of A'hotQoivhoct in Ka£/»7, vii. 195. 
Agtgetures, a people of M»»8/jhj, near the source of the river 

Xocto-TTifis, i. 101. 
Ag/£of, the father of Te^ytg, vii. 82. 
AyiAu. signifies one in the language of the 2kv&xi, iv. 27. 
A^tfice.G'Xict. sksoc, poems so called, composed by Aptareyjg a 

native of U^oxovvnaog in the rigoTrovn.c, iv. 14. 
A^tffffl-o/, a people said to have only one eye each, in the 
northern parts of Ev^avin, who stole gold from the Tpweg, 
iii. 116; iv. 13, 27. 
AfitfivwTos, a native of Tlhotroiiui, ix. 72. 
Apioftotfiog, the brother of A^rvOtog and the general of the 
Koeff7r/o;, vii. 67. 

the son of Aoc^ioc and FLotP/nvg the daughter of ^.ptpliig 

the son of Kvpog, the general of the Moa^ot and T&ocpyivch, 
vii. 78. 
ApktQcc, a city of the MsOvftvotioi in the island of Aeofcos, i. 151. 
A£/0-Tfltyo£»K> Kvfyxyvog, iv. 1 38. 

another, the son of ' HgotKhe^Yig and a Kvpoitog, iv. 138. 

seized by stratagem and delivered over to the men of his 
city, who sent him away in safety, v. 37, 38. 

another, the son of MoAwayo^c governor of MiXyrog : 

he was solicited by the exiled Nct%<oi to restore them to 
their country, v. 30. The instigator of a rebellion among 
the laueg, v. 36, 37. He openly declares his opposition to 
Aocgtiog, institutes an equable code of laws, and overthrows 
the rvQowuig, v. 37, 38. He is sent to AowslioufAav to pro- 
cure its alliance, v. 38, — and has an interview with KAeo- 
ftiVYig, in consequence of which he is obliged to leave 
Sttc&pty}, v. 49, 51. He then goes to Afavxt, and prevails 
upon them to make an alliance with his country, v. 97. 
He induces the Ilotiouig to withdraw from the yoke of the 
UiQacct, v. 98. His expedition against ^ocfitg, v. 99, 100; 



xxii INDEX. 

vii. 8. His designs not succeeding, and the people being 
much agitated, he is frightened, and directs his flight to 
Mv^Kiuog a town of the Heaves near the Lr^v^uv in 
OftyiixYi, v. 124. He is killed by the 0^>ji'x£?, v. 126. 

AfjiaTctyofiYis, another, the father of ' Hyrioria-TguTog, ix. 90. 

AgtarsYi;, the son of Kxvarqo^tog and a native of U(>oK.oi/vri<TO<;, 
the author of the msec AQiftxaTreet, iv. 13. He is said to 
have accompanied A'xoh'h.av to MsTxyroyriou, and to have 
appeared to the inhabitants after death, iv. 13, 15. His 
statue was in the ocyo^ at Mstxttoutiov, iv. 15. 

another, a Kogu/0/o?, the son of AhipocuTog killed by the 

Afavcuoi, vii. 137. 

Aq{<;ti1)yis, the son of Avoiftaxog, the best and most just of 
the A$ns/cttot t who had ever been banished (s%&)ot(>cckic- 
fitvog) ; he was not on friendly terms with &efaaroKhsr,g ; 
but he waved all private considerations in his regard for 
the public welfare, and sent information to the 'E^Xyueg, 
that they were surrounded by the enemy, viii. 79 — 82. He 
kills many of the Uegaca, viii. 95. General of the Adwouoi 
at ILXxTxiect, ix. 28. 

AftioToyitrau and ' Af>p.ohiog t TztpO^ouoi, the murderers of Icr- 
"xccqxos, v. 55. 

AgtaTohYifiog, the son of AyaTopccxog and the father of Ev- 
(>vodiun<; and JJ^oxTivg, iv. 147; vii. 204; viii. 131. the head 
of the royal families of 2wo6£r>7, vi. 52. 

another, who having leave of absence from Asuvihn;, 

was not present at Qs^ottv^oh, but returned home in dis- 
grace, which however he wiped off by his braver}' at II* u- 
rccioiiy — where he was killed, vii. 229, 231 ; ix. 71. 

AgurrdbiKos, the son of ' HgocKTittlng, a Kvpetiog; his manoeuvres 
with the oracle at Bgay^a/, *• 158 - 15 9« 

A^taroK^ocTvjg, the father of KccaocpZog, vi. 73. 

AgtaToKocilriSy the father of AvKovqyog, i. 59. 

ApioTOfiotxog, the son of KMohxtog and father of Aotorohrifiog, 
vi. 52; vii. 204; viii. 131. 

A^taToviKYj, a Uv&tY), vii. 140. 

AQioTo<pcii/Tog, the father of KoZav, a man of considerable 
power among the AeA<po*, vi. 66. 

AgMTotpihilrig, the king of the Tet^ccvTivoi t who favoured the 
escape of A^o*>?S>j?, iii. 1 36. 

Ag/o-nuv, a Bv^xi/Tiog, one of the rvgotvvot of the 'EXX^tctoj/- 
Tog y iv. 135. 

a king of 2^-«^t«, i. 67. His two wives, and a third 

also, vi. 61 — 63. His observation on the birth of his son 
Arifietz*)Tog, vi. 63. His wife with child by the hero Aar^cc- 
GoiKog, vi. 69. 



INDEX. xxiii 

AfiiOTayvfiOs, the father of Ktetafavvig, vi. 126. 

Agitpgav, the father of BavQiKnog, vi. 131, 136; vii. 33; viii. 
131. 

Apicjv, a native of Medv,uuott f a KidxPiaTwg, the first who com- 
posed dithyrambic verses, and of whom it is related that 
he was carried along the sea on a dolphin : — his presents 
to the temple at Tcciv agog, *• 23, 24. 

Agxxfos a people in the centre of the TleAOTrouvwogy i. 146 ; 
ii. 171 ; v. 49. The AuKshaifAovioi are forbidden by the 
oracle of AsA(pot to invade their country, i. 66. KAeoftevYig 
solicits their aid against 2tt#£t»7, vi. 74. They are at €>££- 
ftowvTicu, vii. 202. 

AgKsat'heas 1st., the son of Bccrrog and king of Kvqyivyi, iv. 159. 

2nd., the son of Bocrrog the fortunate; — he was defeated 

by the A&vzg and afterwards strangled by his brother Ag- 
*px°$> iv. 160. 

3rd., the son of Barrog the lame, who fled to 'Sa.pog, 

but returned, in disobedience to the oracle of the AfA(po< t 
and committed many crimes ; he allowed Kvqyiuyi to become 
tributary to Kx^vang'. his death, iv. 162 — 165. 

Aqhtoi (bears), the manner of their burial in Atywrog, ii. 67. 

AgftuptdQYig, one of the captains of the cavalry in the army 
of Seffewt vii. 88. 

Agftarthvis, the father of A/^a^Soff, vii. 227. 

A(>(tivto(> 2l people whose country abounded with cattle, v. 49. 
They made use of peculiarly constructed barks to convey 
their merchandise to BuQvaui/, i. 194. Their appearance, 
&c. in the army of 3sg%yig, vii. 73. 

Appevtog, a mountain in the southern part of Asia Minor, i. 72. 

' Agfco&og and A^iaroyuruu, the slayers of ' iTTrotQxog and the 
restorers of liberty to A0y»eti,v. 55. vi. 109, 123. 

' AppoKvhng, general of the ftaxag : — his brave speech to his 
soldiers, ix. 17. 

Apovqcc (a field), which among the AtyvTrTtot always contains 
a hundred irvixeeg, ii. 168. 

' AP7cocyog t a Myihog, commanded by Aorvccyvig to put Kvpog to 
death ; he did not execute his orders, but gave him to a 
herdsman to be exposed on the mountains, i. 108 — ill. 
He unconsciously eats the flesh of his own son at supper 
with AarvayYig, i. 118, 119. He rouses Kvpog to rebellion, 
i. 128. He insults the captive Aarvxyvig, i. 129. He gives 
counsel to Kvpog at the battle of 2ee$ig 9 i. 80. On the 
death of M«£«gjj$ he becomes the general of Kvpog, and 
makes war upon the Iwcc, i. 162, 163, 169. He makes 
war upon the KdQsg, the Kxvvioi, and the Avxiru, i. 171, 
178 ;— and subjects the whole of lower Aar/i to the power 
of Kvpog, i. 176. 



xxiv INDEX. 

' Aovrctyog another, a Hzooyic, by whom ' lariuiog was taken pri- 
soner and crucified, vi. 28, 30. 

AonoZaiog, the son of TxQyiTuos, from whom the ^kv&xi are 
said to be descended, iv. 5, 6. 

AoaoiftsvYig, the son of Auosiog, and general of the Ounot and 
MvKot, vii. 68. 

Aoaoi^g, the father of 'Tarota'7rYig i i. 209 ; vii. 11, 224. 

the son of AotQsiog, and Aorvarcovn the daughter of Ki/- 

oog, the general of the Aou&ioi and At&ioTreg, vii. 69. 

A£T#€a£ai/>7£, the son of Axoetog, who contended for the 
crown with his brother He^c, vii. 2, 3. 

AorocQec^og, the son of OagvaiMK, and general of the Utto&oi 
and Xooxaftiot, vii. 66. After the return of Siting he re- 
mained with Motolovtog in "Evoo^n; he took O*vi/$og, and 
besieged IIot/(W« although without success, viii. 126, 129. 
He endeavours to dissuade MotoZoviog from fighting the 
battle at Hkctraicii, ix. 41. After the defeat and death of 
Muoloutog he seeks refuge in ®ax.ig, ix. 66, — and after hav- 
ing escaped from thence through <dsa<jat7,ir, he returns into 
Aoty, ix. 89. 

AoraQciuog, the son of ' tarxa^Yig, and the brother of Aot- 
(>aog : — he endeavoured to dissuade Auosiog from under- 
taking the war against the 2kv0xi, iv. 83. His speech to 
StQ%Y)g dissuasive of the expedition against the ' ExAwj/? g, 
vii. 10, 11. His surprising dream, vii. 17. His conversation 
with St(>%vg on the subject of the war against "Ex/.ug, and 
his advice concerning the luvig, vii. 46, 52. He returns 
to lovaxi to take charge of the kingdom, vii. 52, 53. His 
sons Aorvtpiog, Aoiof&ufiog and BxaaxKrig, vii. 66, 67, 75. 

AotolZktyic, the father of il>xovx£adong, vii. 65. 

AorecGr), a measure of the Ileoaxt, less by three xotittKeg 
than the Armjj ,u,sl<f*uog, i. 192. 

AQTu&argYi, the daughter of Axonog, vi. 43. 

Aorxiog, the father of Aorxxxiog, vii. 22. 

— another, the father of Agdvr,g, vii. 66. 

AorxKn, a town on the UnoKovrtg near Kv^<kou, iv. H. burnt 
by the QotvtKsg, vi. 33. 

Ag-ra^c, the brother of Axonog, vii. 934 . 

a river of QoniKn falling into the largo;. 

(in some editions and manuscripts Arxovng), a river of 

Goyi'ikyi falling into the Urooc, iv. 49. 

Aotx^sq^/i; signifies in the language of the Tltooxi a great 
warrior, vi. 98. the son of Sso&g, vii. 106, 151. 

Af>TttvKTr;, the son of Xioa.op.tz, and the general of the Mm- 
■/.^vig and the ^Uovvoikoi, vii. 78. governor of Inarog, vii. 
78; ix. 116. He defended ^mrog, but after having sus- 
tained a long <ieirc he wa^ obliged to fly; — he was taken 



INDEX. xxv 

by the Afautttoi and crucified, ix. 1 1 8 — 1 20. His son stoned 
to death before his face, ix. 1 20. 
A%ToivvTYi the daughter of MW/err^, married by StgZvg to 
his son Axgi tag, ix. ] 08. She was a favourite mistress of 
StffiYis/w. 108 — 110. 
Af>Tctvvrv)s the son of AgToixouog, admiral of the fleet which 
Hsg%Yis left in 'EXhccg after his defeat at Su^otftTg, viii. 
130. His flight, ix. 102. When reviled by Muaiarng he 
draws his sword upon him, ix. 107. 
AgT*0fg»uff, a brother of Aa^iog, governor of "Zaftig, v. 25, 
31. He dismisses the ambassador from AQvwoci with a 
short and decisive answer, v. 73. He sends Msycx.Qa.rng 
with an army to reduce the Kvxhahg to submission to the 
king of the Usgaoci, v. 31, 32. At the burning of 2«gd/c he 
defended himself in the «x£otto?wc, v. 100. He makes war 
on the rebel laueg, v. 123. He suspects 'Icrnxiog of infi- 
delity to Actios, vi. 1. He punishes some lii^aui con- 
victed of treason, vi. 4. 

the son of the above dispatched against Adnvxt and 

Eggr^u, vi. 94. After the defeat at Ma^oc&au he sailed back 
into Aatvi, vi. 119. — the general of the Avlot and Mm< 
in the army of Segfjuc, *& 74. 
A^r»x,ectng, the son of A^iotiog, who superintended the making 
of a trench at Axxv&og, vii. 22. His great stature : —his fu- 
neral ; — divine honours paid to him by the Axxufaot, vii. 117. 
Af>T»)ccctQS, the father of OrotaTrrig, vii. 63. 

another, the father of A^ravurng, viii. 130. 

A£T^£#g>K, a noble among the Mrihoi, i. 114, 116. 

another, the grandfather of Aqtxvxtyis:— he instructs 

the TIsqgoii how they should petition K£goc to assign them 
a better tract of country, ix. 122. 
A%Ti t uig> a daughter of Atouvcrog : — supposed by Atox,v\f>g to 
be the daughter of A»^>jt>?£ : and called Bov^xartg by the 
AiyvKrtot, ii. 156, 137. Her temple at 'Sotp.og, iii. 48.— at 
A^TSftiotov in EvQotYi, vii. 176. at Bovra in Aiyvirrog, ii. 155. 
A magnificent temple at BovQuang, ii. 59, 60 : — at Bgotvgav, 
vi. 138. One built at Zctpog, iii. 48. An altar of A^nfug 
Ogdcoow, iv. 87. A festival celebrated in honour of A^rtfug 
fixoiMh by the women of 0^i'»>j and Ucuoviyi, iv. 33. The 
tutelar goddess of EQeaoc, i. 26. 
AQTtfiHTtYi, the daughter of Avylupig, and queen of ' A~hi- 
xct^vwoz: — she joined the army of Hffiuc against 'Etoxg, 
vii. 99. She advises him not to risk a battle at IcthapU, 
viii. 68. Her valour at that battle, viii. 87, 88. She is 
pursued by Apstvtng HaXhYiuivg, but escapes, viii. 93. She 
is called to assist in the council of Ss^vig, and is after- 



xxvi INDEX. 

wards entrusted with the charge of conveying the king's 

sons to Etpfffoj, viii. 101—103. 
Apreptaiov, iv. 34. vii. 175, 195. Its situation described, vii.176. 

The sea-fight there, and its consequences, viii. 8 — 11. A 

second and a third, viii. 14 — 17. 
AQTifC7rcur», the A<p^ohiryi of the IkvGxi, iv. 59. 
A^r/ffxog-, a river in the country of the QUpvooci in 0£**wj, 

iv. 92. 
A^Toi/Ty;, the father of Baycaog, iii. 128. 

another, the son of Mxpoovtog, ix. 84. 

AqroxfAYis, a son-in-law of Axgstog, and the general of the 

®%vytS> vii. 73. 
A£rt/£/o£, the general of the Hipoxi in Kvn-Qog : — he is mounted 

in battle upon a highly disciplined horse, v. 108, 1 10. 
Aqtvutyis, the son of l&x^xr^gy and general of the IIxktvs;, 

vii. 67. 
Af>TvoTcdVYi, a daughter of Kvgo?, and the beloved wife of Ax- 

^stog, iii. 88. vii. 69. 
A^rvQiog, the son of A^rx^xuog, and the brother of Agtcftxo- 

hog, vii. 66, 67. 
Aftvxvhng, a governor of Ar/wTos, entreated by <&ip<Tifx.n the 

mother of Agxtatteas, to send an army into A/cf>j, iv. \66, 

167. He is put to death by Axgsiog for having refined and 

coined silver, iv. 166. 
Af>vr t uig y the daughter of ' A~kvxTTY)g, who was married to Aarv- 

etyvjsy in order to promote the agreement of a treaty, i. 74. 
A^ew^o?, the son-in-law of Danaus, the son of <&6iog and 

the grandson of Aftxiog, who gave his name to a city in 

Atyvrrog, ii. 98. 
Ao^sXao/, a class (<pt/X»i) of the S/xvawo/, v. 68. 
AgxeXeag, the son of ' Hywi'teag, vii. 204. 
Ap^tnio T^ocTtling, the father of Ad/jvxycp/ig, ix. 90. 
A^/S>jjC«o?, the son of Avx%xv%QtZyig, viii. 131. 
another, the son of Zevg/tqpM?, who married A^^™, 

the daughter of Ajvt^/B»j?, vi. 71. 
A^tfc, AetfcgSec/^oj^oj ; — his valour at 2«^oc, iii. 55. 
— - — another, the son of a native of 2xp.og, iii. 55. 
AQxihoxog of Ila^o.', a writer of the iambic trimeter, i. IS. 
Aatvarxt, a people of AiZvr,, west of the Ti7.tyxfAy.xt, and 

south of KvgYivyi, iv. 170. 
Aatxg (-xlog), the name of a tribe at 'SclpIk, iv. 45. 
A<7/>7, the wife of TL^oy^hv c, iv. 45. 
Ao7>7, its geographical description according to 'Hooforo:, 

iv. 37— 40;— whence its name was derived, iv. 45. — sepa- 
rated from Ai€vYj by the mountains of Aiyvrn;, ii. 17. 

Distant parts explored by SxvAal, who was commissioned 



INDEX. xxvii 

by Aa^uog on a voyage of discovery : — the same appear- 
ances observed as in A/€t/i7, iv. 44.— not inhabited beyond 
luhtKYi, iv. 40. Its nations enumerated, v. 49. vii. 62 — 80. 
The lower part of A«r/u (Aain; rx Kara) bounded by the 
river ' A"Kvg, i. 72 ; — called simply Aoiy„ vi. 43. The higher 
part of Aain {Aaing rot. etua) beyond the river ' AT^vg, i. 130. 
The whole of Aatn thought by the lis^axt to be their na- 
tural possession, i. 4 ; ix. 1 1 6. The Aaov^ioi held the go- 
vernment of the higher part of Aam for 520 years, i. 95. 
— conquered by ^^xoqtyis the M«Bo£, i. 102. The Mu<W 
lose the sovereign power of Aovjj, and it devolves upon the 
2%t/d«/, i. 104. It is afterwards recovered by the M>j<W, 
i. 106, and devolves subsequently upon the Uegacct, i. 130. 

Aovw.c, the son of Kory?, and the grandson of Moci/yig y iv. 45. 

Aatvn, a town belonging to the AQvoireg near Kx^hcc/^v'Kri i a 
town of Aocxmixy) in the HihoKovvwog, viii. 73. 

Aax.tt.'b.av, a city of 2y^/>j TlccTioaaTivy, about forty-five miles 
south-west of Kcihvng, i. 105. 

Afff&eix,, a word in the language of the A/yvnTtoi, signifying 
those who stand on the king's left-hand, ii. 30. 

AairoifavYis, a distinguished noble among the Hs^axt, and one 
of the conspirators against the Motyo?, iii. 70, — by whom 
he was wounded in the thigh, iii. 78. He was the father of 
TL^ota 7r^g f vii. 97. 

AaaUf a town near the peninsula of Mount A&yj, west of the 
canal which He^ng cut in the Isthmus, vii. 122. 

Awwog, a town in the neighbourhood of MA>jro?, in which 
was a temple of AOriuoim surnamed Aoawtn, i. 1 9. 

AatTV(>iy, ii. 17. iv. 39. called also by 'Hgodoroj BotQvhcaviYi 
Xfi>(pi' Its power composes a third part of that of all Aam : 
— its fertility in corn, but poverty in all trees except the 
palm, i. 192, 193. It had many large and distinguished 
cities, i. 178. 

AaavQtot, called 'Svgiot by the 'EA7mv*? t vii. 63. They held the 
government of Upper Aam for nearly 520 years, i. 95. They 
are subdued by the Mwto/, i. 106. Their war with O^a- 
o£Tyg, i. 102; — with Kvu%cc(>vig, i. 103. — subdued by Kvgog, 
i. 178, 188 — 191. — in the army of Sfg|»<r, vii. 63 

AarocKog, the father of Meh«utv7ros, v. 67. 

Aarsgeg (stars), three of gold, dedicated at AgA<po/ by the Ai- 
yivnra,i ) viii. 1 22. 

A<rrw£, the father of Ayxipfihiog, v. 63. 
AaTQccSaxog o q^ag, his temple or tomb at 2crotgT>7, vi. 69. 
AffT^»yciKoi (dice) invented by the Avlot, i. 94. 
AoTvotyyg, the son of KvccZuqvis, and a king of the M«eW, i.46, 
73, 107:— the maternal uncle of Kv^og, i. 75. He op- 



xxviii INDEX. 

presses the M>j<5o/, i. 123. He marries A^vvwig the daughter 
of AhvotTTYi;, i. 74. His dreams, i. 107,— in consequence 
of which he gave his daughter 'MocvIkuyi in marriage to 
KxpQvaYis, and when their son Kvgog was born gave him to 
'A^Trayoc, with orders to destroy him, i. 108—114. — de- 
prived of the kingly power by Kvgog, but well treated, i. 127 
— 130. His answer to ' A^uyog when boasting that he had 
encouraged the revolt of Kvgog, i. 129. — bis relationship to 
Kgourog, i. 73. 
Acv%is» a king of the AtywTrrioi, who during a period of na- 
tional poverty enacted a law concerning the payment of 
debts, and built a brick pyramid, ii. 136. 
AotyctKrog, from the river lg, which formed part of the com- 
position of the walls of BccQvTiav, i. 179. — drawn from a 
well in the Ktoaiy %u%n, vi. 119. 
A<7#v, a food prepared by the Ayf>tn7rcx.ioi from the fruit of a 

tree called kovtikov, iv. 23. 
Aaauilns, the r^in^u^x°s of a vessel from AtyJvn at the battle 

of AQTefuaiou, vii. 181. 
Aaatrtoi, people living on the Aounog in Botany, ix. 1 5. 
AaairolaQog, the son of Tt/xuvlgog, general of the Qvfeouoi, 

ix. 69. 
AowTTog, a river in Botany, flowing from west to east, vi. 108; 
vii. 200, 216; ix. 15, 29. 

his daughters were ®r&n and Atyturi, v. 30. 

Arec^ecvrsg, a people of A&vyi, at the distance of ten days' 

journey from the Tx^xfAxvTeg, iv. 184. 
At«^j7%;c, a city of AtyvTrroi, in the island of TlQwaTtTtg 

in the Aihroi, ii. 41. 
ArxQveve, a town in a district of the same name in 'Mvatn, 
opposite the island of AsaQog, near Iltruun, vii. 42. 

a district in Mywn, in the possession of the Xio/, i. 160; 

vi. 28, 29; viii. 106. 
ArTioutTtg i] dotKcteoy, i. 202. 

Ar~K»g, a river which rises in Mount Ai/xog, and falls into the 
Ivr^og, iv. 49. 

a mountain of AtZvy : — see its description, iv. 184. 

Aroaaoc, the sister of KocpiQvaYig, and the true S^f^S/^ :— she 
was the wife of KctpQvo-rig, 2fif$tz Mctyog, and Act^stoc, 
iii. 68, 88. She is cured by A*f*o>cyi}>rig of an ulcer on the 
breast, and at his request instigates Aet^stog to make war 
on the '^KMvig, Hi. 133, 134. Her influence with Aa^uog, 
vii. 3. 
Ar^dftvrretou, a town in T^aecg, (said by Ir^oiQau to be a co- 
lony of the Ahvuioi,) vii. 42. 
Ar^nicti,— their fleet in the war against Iam* vii. 20. 



INDEX. xxix 

Arretylvag the son of Q^vquv, a ©YtZottog, who entertained 
Mocfiouiog at @nQxt, ix. 15. The 'Ethyiveg after the battle of 
HhocTcLioii command the QySoctot to give up all who had 
sided with the Tlioacti (ftYifoaxvTocg) and among them At- 
rotyiuogl — he flies, ix. 86, 88. 

KrriKYit its country not favourable to the use of cavalry, ix. 13: 
— produces olives, v. 82. the Aa^tag invaded it four times, 
v. 76. It is laid waste by the IIspo-cu, vi. 102; viii. 51, 55 ■, 
ix. 13. Its inhabitants, UsTiuayoi, who by interchange with 
the ' Ea Ajjye.c learned and adopted their lauguage, i. 57. Mas- 
sacre of its women, vi. 138. The change of the dress of 
its women from the fashion of Aa^ig to that of lag, v. 87. 
They stone to death Avxtlyig together with his wife and 
children, ix. 5. 

Arvg a king of the Avlot, son of Maws, and father of Avhog 
and TvgpYiuos, i. 7, 94 ; vii. 74. 

the son of Kgo/o-o?, an excellent young man. i. 34, 35. 

Immediately after his marriage he went to hunt in the 
country of the Mvtrot, and was accidentally killed by Ad- 
pyiorog his guardian, i. 35 — 43. 

Avyihoc, a place in A&vyi, about twenty days' journey from 
QqZxt in Aiyvxrog ; — where palm-trees grew in great abun- 
dance, iv. 172, 182. formerly written AiyChct. 

AvZ,w(* and Acx.yt.in :— their statues, v. 82, 83. 

Avgotg, a river rising in Mount Ai/xog, and falling into the 
lo-rgog, iv. 49. 

Avoeig, a people of A&vy, west of the river Travis, iv. 180. 

Avaxwctt, Aitvsg situated to the west of the Aa^varcct and 
east of the Nocau/uaveg, iv. 171. 

Avretrtau, the son of Ttaotficeuog, iv. 147 ; vi. 52. 

AvTohtKog, the father of K^sctlvig, ix. 85. 

AvroftoKoi (deserters), a colony of Aiyvxnoi in Ai8to7riY), ii. 30. 

Avrovoog and <E>vA«*oc, tjqcosc; — their temples, viii. 39. 

Ay^fltTflf/, a nation of the ^kvGcci (on the banks of the 'Yttoc- 
vtg, according to Pliny) iv. 6. 

AQerc&t, a harbour on the bay of Mitfuf, viii. 4, 6.— so called 
from ctCPnanv $g to w&o&yog, vii. 193. 

AQdiTYig, a district of Aiyvirrag^ ii. 166. 

AQifoou, a town in Attixyi, given up to the TvuIccpiZoc i, ix. 73. 

Atpgdhio-tetg, an island on the coast of A&vvi, iv. 169. 

AQgohiTYi, called by the Avovpioi MvA/ttos, by the ApocZioi 
A*(ttoc, and by the Uepax: Mitpoc, i. 131. — Ovpocuiyi called 
by the A^iot A?vAotr, iii. 8, by the IkvQou Apripwoioct, 
iv. 59. Her worship in Awvpiy}, i. 199. AQQotorn Hsivyi; — 
'K\svyi so called by the AtyvTcrtot ; her temple at Meptptg, 
ii. 112. A temple of AQpoIItyi at Atxp^yix 1 ? in AtyvnTog, 



xxx INDEX. 

ii. 41. A very ancient one at AoxotXav, i. 105. The 2kv6ou 
received from her the art of divination, iv. 67. 

AQvrig, a town of Ucc^yivy) in Mos^Boiw?, vii. 123. 

A#«/i'>?, q, viii. 36. A district of Qiaaec'htn, otherwise called 

QQiurig, vii. 173. 
A^etiKoy to edvog, those people of A^ettivi who did not retire 
from the Us*o7rov»Yiaog at the time of the Dorian invasion, 
viii. 73. 

Axcuftevns, the son of Aoc^uog, iii. 12: — nearly related to 
Si^Yic, both on the father's and mother's side, vii. 9, 79 : 
— the governor of AiyvTrrog, vii. 7, and admiral of the fleet 
of the A/yy^rr/o/, vii. 97. He opposes the counsels of Ar r 
ftc&QYiTos, vii. 236. He is slain in Ar/vrrog by luocg&jg a na- 
tive of A/£v>j, iii. 12 ; vii. 7. 

another, — the father of Tuokivc and the grandfather 

of KotftZvang, vii. 11. He was the father, through Actguog, 
of a line of kings, ibid. 

Axctiftevilcu, a most noble family, from which the kings of 
the rif£<7«/ emanated, i. 125. They were conjured by Ka^- 
Qvayg on his death-bed, not to allow the kingly power to 
go out of their family, iii. 65. 

Axcliqi ; twelve divisions of them, who expelled the lavig 
from their settlements, i. 145. 

ol QOiutui become auxiliaries to Ss^rig, vii. 132. They 

exclude the descendants of AOxpttg from their ir^vTauyiovy 
vii. 197. The temple and mysteries of A-^ttiin Aj^t^, v. 6 1 . 

Ax&aog, a river of Axotgvdvim, at the mouth of which the 
Exlvuhg, clusters of islands, were situated, ii. 10; vii. 126. 

Ax^uv, a river of OsarrguTtviy v. 92, § 7 ; viii. 47. 

A^/XA>ji'oi/, a town on the "EXhwxovrog near 2/yf/ov, v. 94. 

Axfa^rfiog 6 fyopog, a place so called at the northern extre- 
mity of the liovrog Ev&ivog, near the mouth of the river 
"T'7rocKV(>{c, iv. 55 y 76. 

A-fyiuOioi, a people of O^'ikyi, vi. 34. They sacrificed 0/o£*£of, 
one of the Usgacci, to their god TLhsttrru^og, ix. 119. 

B. 

BccQvKcju : — a city of Aocvyn : its situation, size, and descrip- 
tion, i. 178 — 183. first taken by KOgoc, i. 191. Its power 
a third of that of all Aair,, i. 192. — taken a second time by 
A*££/oc, after a long siege, iii. 158. Its walls and gates 
thrown down, iii. 159. Two celebrated queens of Bxtv- 
•Kuv, i. 184, 185. 

Bu^v^uvin xo£t\ : — the fertility of its soil, i. 193. 

BxQvhuviOv TtzhotvTou : — See Taboo/rov. 



INDEX. xxxi 

BuQvbavioi •.'— their laws and customs, dress and mode of 
worship, i. 195, 196. Their ships, i. 194. The rites of 
AQoohiTYi how celebrated by their females, i. 199. The 
sale of virgins among them, i. 196. Three tribes (rrarqtui) 
of them live on no other food, except fish, i. 200. Their 
care of the sick, i. 197. Their funerals, i. 198. The voTiog 
and the yvapav discovered by them, ii. 109. Their treaty 
with Kgoiaog, i. 77. They are defeated by Kv^og, i. 190. 
Their rebellion and preparation for war, under Axgetog : — 
they strangle their women, in order that they may not 
consume the provisions of the garrison, iii. 1 50. Their city 
was for a long time unsuccessfully besieged by Aa^iog, but 
was at length taken by the stratagem of Zavvfiog, iii. 151 — 
158. Three thousand of them impaled, iii. 159. 

Buyoctog, the son of A^rovrng, sent by Actgstog to put Ogonvic 
to death, iii. 128. 

another, the father of Metfiovrng, vii. 80. 

BccyccoctxYts (in some editions BctaaxxYig) the son of A^rac- 
£&uYig the general of the QgYiixeg, vii. 7 6. 

Beefy*}*;, Iloiaec^ycc^YiC) admiral of the naval force sent against 
the Boi(>Kccio<, iv. 167. — called Bxqy\g (which see) at ch. 203. 

another, the son of ' YcTotuYig, general of the Kcc.Qvi'Kesg, 

and the MAt*«;, vii. 77. 

Bxxtg; — some oracles of, viii. 20, 77, 96; ix. 43. 

BetKT^My rx, the capital of the Bccktqiyi %cd^ (on the river 
Zotgicttr'Tret, acc. to Ir^xQau), vi. 9; ix. 113. 

BctxTfiicivot, iii. 92. 

BoiKTQtYi v\ #&>£*?, a country east of the Kxa^iin ^etXetaam, and 
directly south of the rivers A^x^ng, the 0%og, and "Zoylixvy, 
iv. 204. 

BctKTQtoi, Bxkt^ov tdvog-.—i. 153; iii. 92. Their discipline, 
armour, &c. in the army of HtQ&g, vii. 64, 86. 

Bxx^ux (the festivals of Atovvaot;), highly reprobated by the 
1x.vQa.iy iv. 79. 

BotxxtxZou, a distinguished family of Koyvdog, y. 92. 

Bxfix^ov tQvog, less ingenious (h&ov) than the 'EtvTijj^, i. 60. 
They naturally treat the dead more ignominiously than the 
'EMviues, ix. 79. Their cry in the attack during battle, 
ix. 59. 

Bxqyis, an admiral of the Tlsgoxi, who counselled the destruc- 
tion of Kv£yivyi, but was overruled by Apxoig, iv. 203. He 
is called Bocfyns at ch. 167. 

Bx^tg: — ships so called by the AtywTioi, ii. 96. 

Bx^xxku, the inhabitants of Bct^y in AtGvri; they surrendered 
themselves to Kxp&trYig, iii. 13. They put A^saiheag to 
death, iv. 164, 167. Their affairs with the Us^xt, iv. 201 



xxxii INDEX. 

— 205. — vanquished, and cruelly treated by <E>£cgT<>>j the 
mother of Agxsofosag, iv. 202, 203. After their ^expulsion 
from their city they were permitted by Axptog to inhabit 
Bx^kyi in the Bxktqw %a^ri, iv. 204. 

Bxgxri, a town south-west of Kv^yiuyj in AiZvy, iii. 91. Its 
origin and founders, iv. 160. — besieged and taken by the 
Tle^cci, iv. 200— -205. 

another, a village of the BxKTgi/i %a%n y iv. 204. 

Bxa fowling, the father of c H^olorog — not the historian,viii. 1 32. 

Bctaaciotcc (fox's cubs), iv. 192. 

BotTTioctieu, an illustrious family in Bxgxy, iv. 202. 

Bxrrog, the name for a king of the A&vtg, iv. 155. 

Bxrrog 1st., king of Kv^j/jj, a natural son of Hohv (tumor og, 
iv. 150, 155: — a stammerer, whence called Bxttoc, iv. 155. 
The length of his reign, iv. 1 59. 

2nd., surnamed 6 EvZxtftw, the son of AgKfaftsug 1st., 

and the grandson of Bxrrog the 1st., iv. 159. 

3rd., lame, the successor of A^miXm; 2nd., iv. 161. 

BiKog : — bread so called by the <£gyyec. See a story with re- 
lation to this word, ii. 2. 

Bf^ptov, a mountain in MxKeloutYi, on the confines of Bar- 
nail's, viii. 138. 

Bribes whett, gates in Bx£vhav y in the centre of the eastern 
wall of the city, iii. 155, 158. 

Byhog, the father of Nn/o?, i. 7. 

another, the father of KyQivg, vii. 61. 

Bnaaoi, prophets in the temple of Aiovi/aog, in the country of 
the Ixr^xi, vii. 111. 

Btxg, a native of II^*ji/>j, i. 27. he wisely advised the lung to 
migrate into 2«^o<y, i. 1 70. 

another, the brother of MiXxpirovg, ix. 34. 

B10VUQI, a people of Aviv (bordering on, and extending east- 
ward from the Boavo^og K/^sg/o?, as far as the river TIx£- 
fav/Yig, acc. to Arrian : — anciently called B&^vKig), i. 28. 
the Q^YiiKfc who migrated into Aain, are called by this 
name, vii. 75. 

Bio-xXmg, the son of A^oh'ho^xungy a native of AQvZog, vi. 26. 

Btax^rtYi, a district of Mxxslovtv, bordering upon the 2r%v- 
pm and 0£ nlxy, vii. 115. A king of this country put out 
the eyes of two of his sons, because they joined the expe- 
dition of Ss^nc against E*x«;, viii. 116. 

Bioxudr h a town of ©£»ji>t>j, upon the 'EXXntrsrors;, vii. 137. 

BtvToveg, a people of 0g»i»}i, north-east of the lake Bia-ovig, 
vii. 110. 

Biurovig y a lake in the southern part of B^w**, vii. 109. 

Biruv and K>?o€/c : their history, &c. i. 31. 



INDEX. xxxiii 

BoyviSy governor of the city ' Hiuv in 0^/xw, vii. 1 1 3. His 
city was successfully besieged by the Adyvoiioi ; but in the 
last extremity he remained faithful to Ss(>%yi;, for he pre- 
ferred slaying himself and his family, to the surrender of his 
town, vii. 107. 

BotQ/ii's vi "hipuy, a lake of (deacotKiyj, near the western extre- 
mities of Urihtov and CWec, vii. 129. 

Boiutiki ifiSeths (shoes), i. 195. 

Boicotiyi, a district of 'E7^.ocg north-west of Arr{x,r h and east 
of QaKis, h\ 49 ; v. 57. 

Boiuroi : they take Qtuon and r Tatut y v. 74. They assist the 
Xoc'KKtheg in an attack against the Afavouot, but unsuccess- 
fully, v. 77. — at Qi^oWKoit, vii. 202 — 206. They deserted 
to the Myhoi (eftvibifyv), viii. 34. Their cavalry was of great 
use to the HiQoxi during their flight, ix. 68. 

Boa€/t/i>oj/ oTo/xoi, the name of one of the western mouths of 
the Ne/Tioc, n. 17. 

Bo^g: — he had a wife from Athxji, n^sidvivi, the daughter 
of EgsxQevs; he was hence called by the oracle, the son-in- 
law of the A0Y)veiio{, and his aid was invoked by them 
against Bs^ng: — he had a temple on the I?ncaog, vii. 189. 

Bo(>vss, a species of wild beast frequently seen in A&vyi, iv. 1 92. 

Bo(>va0svYi$, a large river of iKvQim which flows into the TLou- 
rog Ev^uvog, (now called the Dnieper,) iv. 18, 47, 53. 

Bo(>v<jdevuTctt, ^kvQou inhabiting the banks of the above river, 
iv. 18, 53. A city in their territory inhabited by a colony of 
Mihwioi, iv. 78. — called by themselves OA&o/ro*fT*/, iv. 18. 

Bo<r7ropog Ktftptsfiiog, the strait which joins the ~hipvY\ Moaartg 
to the Ilourog Ev^uvog, iv. 12, 28, 100. 

0g>jwoc, the strait which joins the II^o7rourig to the 

Ilourog Ev&tuog: — a bridge thrown across it by Aa^uog, 
and its dimensions : iv. 83, 85, 86. 

Borriouig, a district in the southern part of Mcckso^oviyi, vii. 1 23. 
— bounded by the AvZiYig and ' A"Hia.x.p.M, vii. 127. 

BoTTiouot, the inhabitants of the above district, vii. 1 85. viii. 127. 

Bov£ot,~Kisg (antelopes), in A&vn, iv. 192. 

Bov€oeg>K> a TLsgoYig, the son of MeyctZvgog, v. 21; vii. 22; 
viii. 136. 

BovGctarig, a city of the Ae'Krct in Atyvxrog, ii. 59, 137, 156, 
166. BovGocoriTYig vopog,\\. 166. 

Bov&uorig, a goddess of the AiyvTTTtot, the A^rf^ig of the 
'EM.yueg y ii. 137, 156. 

Bovhluoty a people to the north of the ^ecv^of^mroii above the 
AipvYi Motiving, iv. 21, 108. Their manners—and city IV 
*&)uog,\v. 108. 

[c] 



xxxiv INDEX. 

Bovhiot, a people of ISUIikyi, of uncertain position, i. 10 J. 

BovXig, a 27ToLPTr/jTY}c f son of N/>;oXs&>.r, who willingly offered 
himself with S^fe to appease the anger of Tayjuttog : — 
their deeds, vii. 134 — 137. 

Bovga, a town of Axoiiixr, in the Ttekvroprwos, i. 145. 

Bovg (an ox or cow) boiling itself among the ^kvOki, iv. 61. 
Oxen sacrificed by the Atyvzrioi : — cows sacred to lai;, 
ii. 38.41. The manner in which the Ar/n^noi judged of 
the fitness of the oxen for the sacrifice, ii. 38. The man- 
ner of their burial among the Ar/vTrnot, ii. 41. The ox 
sacred to loi; among the Kvf>wxtc,t, iv. 186. Hornless 
oxen where found, iv. 29. Oxen with their horns bent 
forward, which graze walking backward, iv. 182. Wild 
oxen with immense horns in and about l\Ioc.Kiooi/ir l} vii. 126. 
A wooden ox gilded, forming the tomb cf the daughter of 
M4*egiM£, ii. 129. Golden oxen consecrated at E$tto; by 
K(>oi<jo$, i. 92. 

Bovo-cct, a people of lf«3/m on the coast of the Ksjjt;/; hsc- 
Tiowo?, i. 101. 

Bovotgt;, a city situated in the middle of the AfAr* in Aiyv-- 
roc, ii. 59, 61. — vo t u.og Boi'violr/ic, ii. 165. 

BovrecKi^vj; t a native of Kf§rmm t the father of Q^ittto;, v. 47. 

Bovra, a city of Aiyv ttos bordering upon Af«€/>j, where was 
an oracle of Anra, ii. 59, 63, 75, 155. 

Bouy/jlcci ry; MAav<«?, where was an oracle of A-xro'^uv, 
i. 46, 92, 157; ii. 159; v. 36. It is mentioned vi. 19 by 
the term to iv Athvpotg l^ov. 

ol, a family of priests belonging to the temple just men- 
tioned, i. 158. 

Boocv^v, a small town of Attikyi near ^Ixoxdait, iv. 145; 
\i. 138. 

Bgss/TSG-iYi, a harbour of Ir^vyin, iv. 99. 

B^iotuiiK/] 7) xaqri, a country of QoytKr, on the coast opposite 
the island of 2opo4(«fJM), before called TmKkaum, vii. 108. 

Bgryfft afterwards called <&ovys; f vii. 73. 

B^oyyo;, a river falling into the Ictogc, iv. 49. 

Bvluaairiy a yt^povrpoc in the territory of the Kytotot, i. 1 74. 

Bv€xos y the papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) of Aiyvrrro: :— its de- 
scription, ii. 92. In the time of 'HooOoto; books of this 
plant were in use : (3*&hti, v. 58 ; oxAat ovZ^ivx, cables of 
/3v€*or, vii. 25. 

Bv^ot'jTiov, a town in Qfntxn upon the Bcvrrooog Oo/Jkio:, taken 
by OTxvr,;,\. 26. — built upon uneven ground, iv. 144. — 
reduced to subjection by the lav?c, v. 103. 

Bvovivn otvhau (fine linen made of the Svcoog, which is a silky 



INDEX. xxxv 

substance made of a muscle, the Pinna marina), with which 
wounds were bound, vii. 181. 
Bu t uog (an altar) dedicated at AsX(pot by the Xloi, ii. 135; one 
of OgQacrr/i AgTffiig, iv. 87. — of Zevg xyo^octog, v. 46. One 
dedicated to the winds at 0y/«, vii. 178. — of 'H^uK^ng, 
vii. 176 : — not used by the Ylsgvxt, i. 31 : — first used by the 
AtyvTTTiot, ii. 4. No altars nor temples among the ^kvOou, 
except those of A^/ig, iv. 59. 



Ya,tauv y a river of Icoutn near MyxotAij, between MCKrjog and 
TLfttnvyi, ix. 97. 

Ya.'hu, (milk) : — the manner of milking among the SkvAui, iv. 2. 

Ye&hoit (weasels) in A/Svw, iv. 1 92. 

YcihYffyog, a town of^tfattw on the gulf of Togeovv, vii. 122. 

TccKKoi'ixY) j#()£»j,a district of Qq/iixw on the coast opposite the 
island of 'SoiftoOgYjiKYi, called BQioiurtK/j in the time of 'Hqo- 
Boto.c, vii. 108. 

Y6c.po(>oi (i. e. yeafco^ot) Ivitakovo-loi : — possessors of landed 
property, vii. 155. 

Toci/locQtoty a people of lultKYi (placed by Maj. Rennel in M«£- 
ytuuri, but supposed by others to dwell on the banks of the 
Iu$og,) iii. 91. Their forces in the army of fitegffo, vii. 66. 

Tcc^af^ocurei, a people of AtQvvi south of the Notacc/zeoufg (and 
the Syrtis major): — their manners, &c.,* iv. 174. The 
eastern boundary of their country was about ten days' 
journey from the western boundary of the Avyihut, and on 
the north-west side they were not far from the AaroQot- 
yot : — (by which we may understand that they were a wan- 
dering people, and often travelled as far as the country of 
the AaroQccyot,) iv. 183. 

Y»Qycc(ptn, the name of a valley in Botany in the territory of 
Hhxratott, and east of Asvkt^. A fountain which has its 
source in this valley is likewise called by the same name, 
ix. 25, 49, 51. 

Yavavng, a descendant of Typwog, viii. 137. 

YeZsTuifySj a deity worshipped by the YeToct, iv. 94. 

Yikzau, the son of lav, V. 66. 

YiKy, a city in the southern part of 2/»f?i/*j, built by the Atv* 
hot, vii. 153. Its prosperity under ' InTroKgKTrig the tvqxv- 
vog, vi. 23 ; vii. 154. Its citizens oi Ye7\aot were most of 
them transported by Ys *v\g to ^v^movaxt, and their city was 
committed to the government of 'le^cou, vii. 156. 

Ys-hcou : — his ancestor came from the island of TrM$, and his 
great-grandfather was a teacher of the mysteries of reli- 
[c¥] 



xxxvi INDEX. 

gion {iiftatpecvrr^) at Ytkn, vii. 153. He was first an attend- 
ant of ' IviroKQctTyis the tvqkuvos, and distinguished himself 
in a military capacity, vii. 154. On the death of 'Iz-tto- 
xqxtyis he deprived the right heirs of the succession, took 
possession of TsKyi, and enlarged and fortified it, vii. 155, 
156. He is invited to an alliance with the ''E.XKmvt; against 
the JJe^ott; but he refuses all aid except on condition of 
his having the supreme command, vii. 157 — 162. He pri- 
vately secures himself from the attacks of the Yltopxi by 
sending money to the Ae^tpoi, vii. 163, 164. In a battle with 
the Kxp^ovioi in 2/%Aw, fought on the same day as that 
of Sxhxf&Is, he defeated ApiKxxz, vii. 165, 166. 

Tthcouo;, the son of ' H^xx^yic, iv. 10. 

a city of the Bovhivoi, built of wood, burnt by the Usoext, 

iv. 108. 123. The Tihavot were originally 'Eaajjz/j; :— Their 
manners, iv. 108, 109. 

TsQcctaro;, a town and harbour on the south-west coast of 
Ev€oo7, viii. 7; ix. 105. 

IV £«i/o/ (cranes) : they migrate during the winter from the cold 
climate of 2xvdtxYi into Ar/vrro;, ii. 22. 

Tefy>jff, the sen of Api£/i;, a general in the army of Bsf>%r,;, 
vii. 82. 

TsgytQxi Tevtcgoi, a city on the Asiatic shore of the ¥,KKw- 
'770'jrocy east of 'Poi'rstop and Axfixvog, and very near the 
spot where ancient Yhioy had formerly stood, vii. 43. They 
were descendants of the Tsvxoot, v. 122. 

TiftfAotvioi, a people of UeQitxri (called by other authors Kxg- 
(txvtot): — to the east of Tligoixn, strictly so called, i. 125. 

Teapot, a people north-east of the IxvQxi xpor^pi;, iv. 71. 

Tf^poc, a place in the country of the Tsgeot in Ixv Qixy, iv. 53. 

a river which flows past the above place and falls into 

the BoQVodivyg, iv. 19, 47, 56. 

Tstxi, a people of Qpnixy, between the Io-r^o? and Mount 
Ai/xocy immortal {xdxvxri^oursg) conquered by Axouo;, 
iv. 93. Their tutelar genius was Zx^o^it;, iv. 94. 

TeQvox (a bridge): — one of stone at BxZv'huv over the Ev- 
(Pqyityic, i. 186. over the Boo-ro^oc, built by Axpuog, iv. 83. 87. 
Another, by the same, over the largo;, iv. 89, 97. The bridges 
of 3sf>%ris over the 'Eax^o-xovtoc, accurately described, 
vii. 36. The implements employed in making bridges, 
vii. 25; these (rx sx ruu yityvguv oVXst)were left at 2«rr«?, 
ix. 115, and hence consecrated in the temples of the EA- 
"hnvs;, ix. 121. 

(embankment, mound) of the Ne/Ao?, made by Mjmk 

the first king of Atyvz-rog, ii. 99 : — of the Ev$cr~r t ;, made 
by the queen N/rwxo/c, i. 185. A mound made round the 



INDEX. xxxvii 

harbour of the 2«^/o<, iii. 60. Mounds used by ' A^ayo; 
in taking the towns of luvtvi, i. 162. 

YiQvQctiot, a family in AOnvett, by origin QoiuUss, who mi- 
grated from Eqst^yi to A0wui, v. 57, 62. 

Teaser (>(y) : — geometry, in the opinion of 'Hgoloro;, was in- 
troduced into r EA7»etj from AiyvnTo;, ii. 109. 

r>?, a goddess, the wife of Zsvc, worshipped by the ^Kvdui, 
and called by them Aw«j, iv. 59. 

— (the earth), an object of worship among the YLs^aoct, i. 131. 
Yyfeigci (roc), an island and town outside the pillars of 'H^es- 

k^yi; (and a little south of the mouth of the Bcetis, now the 
Guadalquivir), iv. 8. 

TyiQvouYic, the cows of, iv. 8. 

This ks^oIoi, expressly treated of by 'H^olorog, iv. 37—58. 
168 — 194; ii. 15—18- See v. 49. 

Ytyavo;, a town of the KgoaaaiY] x a ^i a district of (d^'Un, on 
the gulf of 0s^)7, vii. 123. 

Tt'KiyotfA.^ociy a people of A/€v>7,west of the Alv^otxi^cttyiv. 169. 

PAAo?, an exiled citizen of Tot^, who restored some cap- 
tive Us^acct to Ao&fjsios : the Kvthoi are commanded to pro- 
cure his return ; but they are not successful in their en- 
deavours, iii. 138. 

YiyloLues, a people of A&vy, south-west of the Aurotpccyoi, 
iv. 176. 

T^ctvKos, X<"o?, who discovered the art of welding iron, i. 25. 

another, the son of ETrvxyd^, in whose charge some 

property was left by a Mfawtot;, and the possession of 
which he afterwards denied when its restitution was de- 
manded, vi. 86. He consults the oracle on the subject, 
ib. § 3. His whole race is extinguished, vi. 86. § 4. 

■ " another, the son of IttttoXo^oc, i. 147. 

Y'huvx.uv, the father of Asccyg os, ix. 75. 

Y"kiouc, and Tctvxyqvi, towns of Boicot/yi, the former of which 
is near the western bank of the river (dtopalav, which 
divides the one from the other, ix. 43. 

Yvovgog, the son of Avxo$, and the father of Avctx^qotc,* iv. 76. 

Yi/apcu (moral sentences) : awmuv rtvoc roc scjvtov, i. 8. q 
oLvfyoiKYiin ivhatfAovty ovlocftec eu ruvrco ftsvu, i. 5. ccfteivov 
ioriv wjd(>6)7ra reQvctvui pccKhov, ■/) Zauv, i. 31. See vii. 46. 
nav ioriv cti/DQanos avfapogYi, i. 32. nocdyificiToc puhpot.Tct,, 
i. 207. vofcog TTctvrav (Socoihiv;, iii. 38. (pdovog cc^ynQiv e/x(pve- 
rect otuGflUTrct), iii. 80. noh'hoc tan roc "Koya psv ovx, oioc rs 
'hrfhaaotiy SQyw h, iii. 72. &v0x aoQins list, frits i%yov ovhi/ t 
iii. 127. uvTO/Aotrou ovhu, ccKK ccito ttuqyis kocutoc ccvQqu- 
noiat Qiteit ytusoQui, vii. 9. iivuxfavoct tvccv irg/iyfAcc tiktu 
aQochpocroCy vii. 10. kcckou ion to noh'hav iiriQvpiftV) vii. 18. 



xxxviii INDEX. 

zvK^rfeitic ovx. iiTt ctbdQM'noi'ji toAsfUK 'Tr'^r.&aQ/j, vii. 49. UtX- 
aig efKpvhoc 7zo7\e^ov o/uotpaovsutTog tooovtu kxkiou iart, ucco 
KohsfAoz H(>rivyi$, viii. 3. 

Tvapuu, invented by the Rx^v^avioi, ii. 109. 

Yovvog, a town of Q?aax^in, m the eastern part of Hsgpm&tn, 
near the river U/justog, vii. 128. 173. 

Yoqyog, the king of 1x7^x t uTg Kyr^u, v. 104. 115 ; viii. 1 1 : — 
deprived of his city by his brother Ouwrrtog, v. 104; but 
reinstated in it by the aid of the lli^axi, v. 115. 

the son of Xsgatg, an admiral in the fleet of Stgivg, vii. 98. 

Toqyu, the daughter of Khsopsyy;:, v. 48. She ingeniously 
warns her father against Awtx'/o^:, v. 51. She was the 
wife of AeavioYig, and advised that the writing tablets of 
A.YiftscgYiros should be opened, vii. 239. 

Tooyo) — ToQyovs Ke$x?>n taken by Tls^asvg out of A/cu«, ii. 91. 

Yo\ltYis, the father of M/cS^c, i. 14, 35; viii. 138, — and the 
grandfather of AoQwrog, i. 35, 55. 

r oxuiAicTct (inscriptions), made by Niraxgig in order to de- 
ceive Axgstog, i. 187. Inscription upon the brick pyramid 
of Aavxig, ii. 136 ;— upon the statue of 2saa<TT0ig, ii. 106 ; — 
of Aaonog, iii. 88 :— on a pillar placed by Ax}>-:tog near the 
river Tfa^oj, iv. 90. See E'7riy^xfi, l uxra. 

(letters) introduced into 'E^'Aocg by the <l?oti>Ixsg, v. 58. 

yQxppxrx Aoovoix, iv. 87. 

(letters) : — a letter from Accxaig to Hohvy^wrngy iii. 40. 

The letter of Icriatog intercepted, vi. 4. An ingenious 
plan of concealing letters, vii. 239. Letters secretly sent, 
i. 123, 124; \.35; viii. 128. 

(writing), two kinds among the AiyvTrrca, ii. 36. Spe- 
cimens of secret writing, v. 35 ; vii. 239. 

TgxQxi (pictures) : a picture of the bridge over the Boairofog 
in the temple of H^ Sbumb ■▼• ss : — o( Attxatg, dedi- 
cated to A&r,vr lt ii. 182. — of the bird <fo/wf, seen in A/yv- 
rr-og by 'H^olorog, ii. 73. The pictures of Ylxu among the 
AiyvnTtoi and the 'Ew^jf, similar, ii. 46. Pictures painted 
by the KxvKxatoi upon their dresses, i. 203. Geographical 
pictures, iv. 36 ; v. 49. 

YfHvogy the son of Aiaxvtoc, and a king of 0>?»»j an island in 
the Uourog Ar/xioc, iv. 150. 

Yqvvux, a town belonging to the Aio^ssc, on the Asiatic coast 
of the Uo'jrog Aiyxiog, i. 149. 

Yovirsg, a nation of monsters at the northern extremity of 
A«r/>7, guardians of gold among the AQt/xxafoi, (probably 
miners,) iii. 116; iv. 13, 27. 

Tvyxlxg, a votive offering so called, presented at At>.£o/ by 
IV//;,-. i. If. 



INDEX. xxxix 

TvyetiYi, the daughter of Apvi/ryg, and the sister of >£&s&v- 

Igog, V. 21 ; viii. 136. 
Tvyocnn A^^»j, situated a little north of 2«g3* j, near the tomb 

of AKvxttyis, in which was a perpetual spring (otswxog), 

i. 93. 
Tvyyg, the son of Acto-Kv^og, and an attendant upon K«m^«v- 

"hng, whom he killed, and usurped the kingly power, i. 8, 13. 

The first of the ficsfictQoi (except Mthvs) who ever sent 

offerings to Athtyot: — he takes Ko*o<pa>» f i. 14. His son 

A$vg, i. 15. 

the father of My^o-o?, iii. 122; v. 121. 

VvgocvTeg, a people of A&vyi, on the coast nearly opposite 

l*ix.ihiY\, who eat monkeys, iv. 194. 
Yv^uoTTxihiai, an annual amusement at '2kx(>tyi, vi. 67. 
Tv^y;, a river of A^svm, rising in the mountains of Mxtiy,- 

vot, and falling into the T/yg/?, v. 52; i. 189. — divided by 

Kvgog into 360 streams, i. 202 ; v. 62. 
TaQgvYig, one of the nobles who put the Mxyog to death, 

iii. 70, 73. His struggle with the Mxyog, iii. 78. the father 

of Mocfioutog, vii. 82. His advice to Axguog concerning the 

expedition against the ~2kvQmi } iv. 132, 134. His wife was 

the sister of Aec^tog, vii. 5. His daughter was the wife of 

Augstog, vii. 2. 

A. 

Aa&Kott, a people in Aairj west of the river Ivhog, iii. 91. 

Their general and military force in the army of Hs^ng, 

vii. 66. 
Aailc&hog> sought after by Mtuag, vii. 1 70. 
Aot/uocoidD/Aog the son of YLxubxv'hngy an admiral in the fleet 

of Ss^vjg, vii. 98. — king of the Ku^wlxi, drowned by A^- 

rsfctatv, viii. 87. 
Aocpaoog ILtfiTYig, the son of Ay.v^ig y vi. 127. 
Aotpr/i and Av&cun ; their statues at AgAtpo/, v. 82. 
Aoox/i, the daughter of A*^ovoc, and the mother of TLeQasvg, 

ii. 91 ; vi. 53; vii. 61, 150. 
Axuxog and AvyKivg, natives of Xf/apug, ii. 91. 

another, the father-in-law of A^^^og, ii. 98. 

Au.va.og and Sovdog come to the Ue'ho'7rov»Yio'og, vii. 94. 

his daughters introduce the ®eo~ft,o(po()/u.t from A/yycrrof, 

and build the temple of Ad/ivy at Aivlog, ii. 182. 
Aatot, a pastoral people in the north-east of IlegatKvi, i. 1 25. 
AtA^huytfg, a people of Aatm, south-west of the Metrivjfot, be- 
tween them and Bu&vKav, i. 189. 
Aocfiavog, a city on the Asiatic shore of the 'EAA«o-aro*TO£, 

south of and bordering upon AQvhog, v. Ii7; vii. 43. 



xl INDEX. 

i 

Aolqshx;, one of the A%cafisvil)eti, son of ' Tcretairri; the go- 
vernor of UsgatK/i, i. 209; hi. 70; vii. 11, — in which place 
may be seen his pedigree. Aa^iog in the Hellenic lan- 
guage signified siting, a powerful person, vi. 98. He was 
at one time an attendant upon Kufi€vans, in Aiyvnro;, 
iii. 38. On the death of the latter, he joined with six other 
nobles of TLsgaw/j against 2p.sp}tg the Mayor, iii. 70, 78. 
After his murder, different opinions are given by the dif- 
ferent conspirators as to the best method of electing a 
king : Aetata; proposes that he, whose horse, at an ap- 
pointed time of trial, should neigh first, should be king : — 
this is agreed upon, iii. 82, 83, — and Aa^uo; is thus ap- 
pointed king, iii. 84—87. He divides the kingdom into 
twenty astT^cc-Trriioct (or presidencies), and institutes the 
payment of tribute, iii. 89 — 96. The income thence arising, 
iii. 95, 96. He coins gold money, iv. 166. He was called 
a huckster [Ketvjkos) by the Tlsooui, iii. 89. He causes 
0(>ruTYi;, the governor of 2»oB/r, to be put to death on ac- 
count of rebellion, iii. 126 — 128. ^vhocuv, the brother of 
Ilohv-'CoccTfiiy is restored to his kingdom in 2x/u,o; by the 
aid of Acc^io;, iii. 139 — 141. He makes a canal of com- 
munication between the Nf/Xor and the xoXsroc AguZio:, 
iv. 39. comp. ii. 158. He orders a statue of himself to be 
placed before the temple of ' H£«t/<7Tor, at Mgfttyg, but is 
not obeyed, ii. 110. He marches against the BxZviayiot, 
who were in a state of rebellion, and besieges BxZv*.cj» y 
which he at length takes through the stratagems of Zuttv- 
%o;: he destroys its walls and gates, iii. 150 — 160. He 
sees an inscription on the tomb of Struy.^i;, and he opens 
it in the hope of finding treasure, but is disappointed, i. is 7. 
He contrives a plan for taking the golden statue of Br,*oq t 
i. 183. After the discovery of eastern Aoir, by X«»X«& he 
subdues the Ivloi, iv. 44, but not all of them, in. 101. He 
is cured of a sprain by Ar,/a.oK^n;, iii. 129, whom he after- 
wards sends with fifteen nobles of lieaatKifj as spies into 
"EKhoc;, iii. 135 — 138. comp. ch. 133. 

He undertakes the expedition against the 1kv6ui, iv. 1, 83 
— 144: — throws a bridge over the Bogkopo;, iv. 85 — 87. 
On leaving the Iotpoc he leaves the bridge over that river 
in charge of the Icue; until his return, iv. 97, 98. His ill 
success," iv. 120 — 127. He retreats by night to the Igtpo;, 
iv. 134, 135 : — crosses that river and returns into Acnr„ 
leaving IShyctlet^og in QpritKr,, iv. 140 — 144. He orders 
Msy«C»£«( to subdue the Uutoi/-;, and send them into 
Ann, — which is done, v. 12 — 16. He rewards the merits of 
his officers, attendants, and othere, with much generosity, 



INDEX. xli 

iii. 140, 160; iv. 143; v. 11. In consequence of the burn- 
ing of 2oc$i<;, v. 101, he is greatly enraged with the A^jj- 
vuioi, and sends 'lariociog to quell the rebellion of the 
Iwsg t v. 105 — 108. He demands the delivery of earth and 
water from the Maxsloviot, v. 17, and the 'EaXj^, vi. 48 ; 
who throw some of his ambassadors into a pit and others 
into a well, vii. 133. He sends Mot^houiog against E^rg/)j 
and A&Yivcct, vi. 43; — some time after, Aan; and A^tu- 
(pe^vyg in his stead, vi. 94 : — who are defeated at the battle 
of Mxgotdoiv, vi. Ill — 114. They return to Aatn, vi. 118. 
His increasing anger against the AQnuutoi, vii. 1 . He pre- 
pares a new armament against the '~E.Xh.nvig and the Atyv- 
tttioi who had rebelled, and appoints Ss^ng as his future 
successor, vii. 1 — 3; but he dies before the commence- 
ment of the war, vii. 4. His equestrian statue and its 
inscription, iii. 88. 

AccQitog, before he became king, had three sons by the 
daughter of Tc&qvyis, two of whom are mentioned, Agr«- 
Qa^oLvYis and A<>tot&iyi>i(\g> vii. 2, 97. On becoming king, he 
married Atomx, Aqtvotojvyi, and Uecgpvg, the two first 
daughters, the latter the granddaughter of KO^og, and <&oti- 
fofW, the daughter of Orocwg, iii. 88. By Aroaaec he had 
four sons, He^ng, vii. 2, 'T^tojo-tdj?, vii. 64, A^ottfieuvig, 
iii. 12 ; vii. 97, and MutnoTYig, vii. 82 : by AgTvarauri, his fa- 
vourite wife, Aqaa^ng, vii. 69, and Tafyvng, vii. 72 : by 
Ilx^uvg, Agtopotfiog, vii. 78. By QpoiTciyovvYi, the daughter 
of his brother Agrxwg, he had AtyoxoftYig and f T 'x-sgocufag, 
vii. 224. 
Ax^stog the 2nd, the son of Hsg|>j.c, married to Agruvvrvi, 

ix. 108. 
Aa^ircti^ a people of Aatm, on the south-east side of the K«ar- 

ttiyi Occ-hKaav, below the A^x'img (or the 0%og) iii. 92. 
ActaKvhtiov, a sea-coast town of ~Bi6vuiyi, on the TLgoKovrtg, 

south-west of "Zkv-Kuxyi, iii. 120, 126; vi. 33. 
AocoKv-kog, the father of Yvyng, i. 8. 

Acirig, M/jSo?, sent by Aocgsiog with an army against the Afa- 
ustiot, vi. 94. He encourages and procures the return of 
the Atfhioi, who, on his approach, had left their island and 
fled to Tyuoi, vi. 97. After his defeat at M»(>xd&>v he re- 
turns into Aar/i, vi. 118. His dream, vi. 118. His sons 
A^xpifyng and TtQaiog, vii. 88. 
Aoctoc, a town of Qg/iixvi, in the country of the liftavoti (west 

of Mount Tlotyyxtog), ix. 75. 
Axvhiot, the inhabitants of Accvhtg, a town of Jbaxig, south- 
east of the AikQoi and Mount nxQi>w<rog, viii. 35. 
Aotvywg, the son-in-law of Ascf>etog, v. 116. He had a com- 



xlii INDEX. 

mand in an expedition against the KuQeg, in which he was 
killed, v. 121. 
Autpuui ccl TLyTiOVatxi, on the Azhrct in AiyvirTos, »• 30, 107. 
A«<pwf, the rv^uvvog of A€vZo$ in the time of Axqho;, 

iv. 138. 
Aetvoftsvvis, the father of Ts'huu, vii. 145. 

AsKthrn, a village in the north of Attikyi, ix. 15, 73. Its in- 
habitants {pi AzKskzz;), in consequence of an ancient ser- 
vice conferred by them on the Tvylx^toxiy were ever after- 
wards held in honour by the AuK&xipovioi, and during the 
irruptions which the latter made into Attixyi, their town 
always remained uninjured, ix. 73. 
Aex-iKo;, the builder of the above town, ix. 73. 
Ashrci, that part of AiyvTrro; which lies between those 
branches of the Nsi*o$ which fall into the sea at Hrfhovaiov 
and K«:/<ySoc, ii. 13, 15, 179. This alone was incorrectly 
conceived by the Lyi/sc to constitute Ae/wro;, ii. 15. 
As*@oi, oi, properly the inhabitants of the city Tlv&a in <3?a>ttc; 
(but afterwards used as the name for the city itself), i. 54. 
Sacred presents sent there by Tvy*;, i. 14; by K^o/ro?, 
i. 50, 52, 92. Offerings first made there, — by whom, i. 14. 
The inhabitants present Kqokto; and the Avloi with the 
freedom of their city and other privileges, i. 54. They 
consult their oracle for themselves and EXAs*?, vii. 178. 
On the near approach of the army of Us^m, they desert 
their city, viii. 36. They put to death those (ioco^ccnoi who 
had sacrilegiously treated their divinity, viii. 37. The oracle 
of the Ae^Qoi, i. 46: — its truth acknowledged by Kootaoc, 
i. 48 — 50. The temple of the AA<po/ takes fire of itself, 
i. 50; ii. 180; the ApQiKrvovzg let out, and the A'hKu.ai- 
cd'jihai undertake a contract for rebuilding it, ii. 180; v. 62. 
Aivl^a. (trees), intoxicating by the smell of their fruit, i. 202. 
Trees >n Ivbtzn bearing wool, iii. 106. All the 
0>7£)7 withered, with only one exception, iv. 151. 

st^u (woollen or cotton trees), in \vIia-a, iii. 106; comp. 

vii. 65. 
As^ua (the skin), the extreme whiteness of the human skin, 
iv. 64. The 2>tvt)sti scalp their enemies, ibid. Many of the 
&z%£ct(>oi tattoo their skins, v. 58. 
Aspirxtoi, a people of Bgiftxij, north-west of the ^xxectoi and 

the river Nsarog, vii. 110. 
AsvKcLkiuv, king of the Tlikaayoi, in <&8iuti;, \. 56. 
AriioKvig, the son of <&(>cco(>Tr l ; ) i. 16, 73, 96 : — a wise and just 
man, i. 96. By his own cunning contrivance he is made 
king of the Mvjhot. He builds Aytx7cn,u, i. 96 — 9S. He 
settles his kingdom, and is distinguished by the severity of 



INDEX. xliii 

his justice, i. 99, 100. His death, and the length of his 
reign, 1. 102. 

Aw'tpovog, the son of Evyvtog, a native of Anoh^avtn on the 
louiog koKkos, in Vh'hv^iYiy ix. 92. 

Arihiov, a sea-coast town of Botany, belonging to the ®y£auoi 9 
vi. 1 1 8. 

Ar,7i0s, one of the Kv^'Kccong, islands of the Uourog Aiyxtog, 
iv. 33, 34, 35. viii. 132. ix. 90. (Its circular lake, ii. 170,) 
— purified by UsiawTQccTog, i. 64. Earthquake there, vi. 98. 
The Avfktoi relate a story concerning the 'TTrs^o^sccty iv.33. 
Their flight on the approach of the Uracil, but subsequent 
return, vi. 97. 

AYipciQYiTog, the son of A^iaruv, a king of "Snagrvi, vi. 61 : — 
at first disowned, but afterwards acknowledged by his 
father : — why called Ay^-oc^rog, vi. 63. comp. ch. 65: — ce- 
lebrated among the iTru^rinrcci for his victory at OyM^w/yj, 
vi. 70. In an expedition against the AQnvcctot, he suddenly, 
and without previous quarrel, deserts the other king KAso- 
pivYis, v. 75, whom he calumniates during his absence at 
Atyli/Yi, vi. 50. By the contrivance of Kteoftevvis, Asvrv- 
XtlSr.s is made to swear that A^uo&pyito; is not the son of 
Agio-row, and he is in consequence deprived of his kingly 
office, vi. 65, 66. In his distress he implores his mother 
to tell him who is his real father, vi. 67 — 69. He takes re- 
fuge at the court of Axgsiog, who treats him with respect, 
vi. 70. He gives counsel to Bs^yg respecting his succes- 
sion to the throne, vii. 3. He ingeniously informs his coun- 
trymen of the expedition of Hs^yg, vii. 239. He praises 
the discipline of the 'Etovivsg, and especially of the Aocxe- 
Gcctpovtot in a conversation with Hs^ns, vii. 101 — 104. His 
discourse with the king about the AocKilxi/^ouioi at 0g^o- 
'xv'hcciy who were combing their hair before the battle, 
vii. 209. He counsels Hs^yg upon the taking of KvOvqu, 
but his advice is rejected, vii. 234 — 236. 

Avi/xu.Qfisuog, the father of TL^tuYjToclvig and XAaz/, v. 41 . vi. 65. 

AnfiofCYilng, the son of KctTJ^c^uu, a native of Kgorov, and a 
most eminent physician, whose services were publicly hired 
by TLoKuxQstTYig, hi. 131. in the service of O^oirng, hi. 125. 
He is taken to *2ov<roc, and cures AocQuog, for which he re- 
ceives great honours, iii. 129, 130. In consequence of his 
curing the queen Arovoa, he has leave to revisit his coun- 
try on promise of return ; but he breaks faith and remains 
at Kqotuu, iii. 133—137. 

AypoKQocTtvi, approved of by Ordunc, iii. 80. disapproved of 
by Mtyczivgog and Auquos, iii. 81, 82. instituted in lai/wby 
^Slctftloi/ioc, vi. 43. 



xliv INDEX. 

AY},uoK(>iTos, a celebrated r^t^et^s of the Nagw, viii. 46. 

Ayftouovc;, the father of Hs»6v7>.os, vii. 195. 

A>^6<p<Ao£, the son of A/adgo^;, general of the QsaTrtas at 
QegftoTrvKctt, vii. 222. 

Ayiftauee.%, commissioned by the Motvrivag to regulate the 
government of the Kvorrjcttoi, iv. 161. 

AYjgoviTicuot, a people of UsgatxYi, on the north-east coast of 
the E£v#g>7 OxXotaari, bordering upon the Tsgf&ou/ioi, i. 125. 

Aiul^ofA-ng, the father of Ayp.otpi'hos, vii. 222. 

A/aixTO£/B}jf, the father of Ev^yo*^ the wife of Agyryp^jjc, 
vi. 71. 

a native of K^uuuu in Osaax^iyj; one of the suitors of 

AyuPioTYi, vi. 127. 

A/dv^o/, a place in the territory of the M/7 yjcr/o/, where the 
oracles of A^-oXKcji/ and A^rs^ig were uttered (afterwards 
called Bgotyxilou) : — it was ransacked by the ILs^aon y vi. 19. 
see J$i>(x.y%thcii. 

Atwszys, a Sxc^tojt)^ ; — his valour at Oi^uottv^cci, and his 
memorable speech, vii. 226. 

Aidv(>oi l u£o{ ;— invented by Aqiuv, a Midvpveiios, i. 23. 

AiOvgatftZog, the son of A^aar/d^, vii. 227. 

A/xa/se, a city of G^i'xyj near the lake Btorovi; and a little 
east of AQIyiqcc, vii. 109. 

Aikouoc, the son of 0so;t{/B>7c, an exile from Adni/ui, and re- 
spected among the My^oi ;— he gives an account of some 
prodigies seen by him, and calls on An/nu^YiTog to bear wit- 
ness to his veracity, viii. 65. 

AiKriivn : — her temple built by the Scc^/o/ at YLvbavin in 

Kgi?T/j, iii. 59. 
Atxrvg, an animal so called by the AtywxTtot, iv. J 92. 

AlvlvflYIVYl MyiTYlQ, i. 80. 

Aio/uyiI*!? : his heroic valour (xgiaTsiv) is cited from the Ihtu$ 
of ' QfAYiooCy ii. 116. 

Alov, a city in the peninsula of Mount Ada;, vii. 22. 

Aiouvato;, a native of <&ux,ct iu, admiral of the Ionian fleet ; — 
his speech to the Icovsg respecting their naval discipline, 
vi. 11. After the defeat of the Io>j/£? he goes into Itx.e'Ktyi 
and becomes a pirate, vi. 17. 

Atovvaos, Bxkxuo;, iv. 79. the same as the Oal^tg of the 
AiyvTr-tot, ii. 42, 144. lots and Oolgts said to be the 
parents of AkqXKuu and A^Tspts, ii. 1 56. His festival in 
AiyvTTTo; and procession of puppets, ii. 48. Festival among 
the A^/otts.c *HctK%oZioty iii. 97. comp. ii. 146. — worshipped 
at Nsqoy) in Aifounin, ii. 29. — called by the A^u&iot O^otuK ; 
their only god, and invoked by them with Ov^ocvtn in 
making treaties, iii. 8. Brought up in a cinnamon country, 



INDEX. xlv 

iii. ill. — His name and rites, and the pomp of the (pcthhog 
of iEgyptian origin, received from Kxtyog 6 TvPiog, and in- 
troduced into 'EAAoej by MiT^u^^wg, ii. 49. He is said to 
have been the son of Sf^g?^ the daughter of Kuhftog, and 
to have been sewn to the thigh of Zsvg, and in that man- 
ner carried to Nwot in AiQtonw, ii. 145, 146. Supposed by 
KMioQtvng to be the author of the r^ocyixot wpoi, v. 67. His 
religious rites among the Bo^va&suitroct, iv. 79. Three yearly 
festivals among the Te^auoi, iv. 108. His oracle on a high 
mountain in the country of the 'Sccrgxt in QgriiKYi, vii. 111. 
His temple near Bv^avnov, iv. 87. The institutions of Aio- 
uvaog BecK^stog the same as those of Og<p?v.c, ii. 81. 
£iovv<ro(poivy)$, a native of JLQsoog, ix. 84. 
Atooxovgoi, vi. 127 :— not known to the Aiyvirnot, ii. 43, 50. 
Aiirottseg, the inhabitants of Aitcc/oc a town in A^xotltvi be- 
tween Mocvris/sn and Teysy, ix. 35. 
A/agvg (a canal), cut by Ne*&j king of Aiyvxrag, between the 
NeAoj and the xdhirog At>uQiog, ii. 158; iv. 42; — again cut by 
Aug tog, ii. 158; iv. 39. One cut in the isthmus of Mount 
AQotg, vii. 22 — 24. Canals cut in Atyvirrog in the reign of 
^eaaargtg, ii. 108. Canals cut throughout the Bo&vTiuvtvi 
X0£i>, i. 193. 
AoC*j£££, a people of Huiovtvi, between Mount Tluyyxiog and 

the river 2r(>vfiau t v. 6 ; vii. 113. 
AoAoyxo/, a people of the y,ip<sMv\Gog of G^wkyi : they were ha- 
rassed by the AiptvOiot, and consulted the oracle in their dis- 
tress, vi. 34. They make M^rtethvig their king, vi. 35, 36. 
Ao^oTng, an inland people of (divooLhiny near Mount Utvlog, 
who delivered earth and water to Hefag, and served in his 
army, vii. 132, 185. 
AcQtaxog, a line of coast, and a great plain of Q^i'kyi, through 
which runs the river 'ES^oj: — upon it was a watch post 
(Qqovpyi) of the JJs^asct, built by AocQswg, V. 98 ■ vii. 25, 59, 
105, 106. 
Aopyooog, the son of AsaQorvjg, vii. 204. 

AoiMo/ (slaves) blinded by the 2*i/0*/, and why :— iv. 2. put 

to flight with whips by the 1xv8xi> iv. 3, 4. The slaves of 

the Apyetoi rise in rebellion against their masters, vi. 83. 

See oiKsroti u'karui. 

A(>xf*Yi{*ct, row Iwsm (a horse-race) called uyyxQYi'iov by the 

Ilggff*/, viii. 98. 
Aqokixoi, a pastoral people of Us^aixn, to the east of the 

Mttgdo/, i. 1 25. 
AQvpog, a town of ®axtg on the banks of the' Kupfoof, and 
north of Mount UocQt/waog, viii. 33. 



xlvi INDEX. ^ 

Agvozsg, a people of 'E*X«£, who went with the \avzg into 
Aatn, i. 146. Their cities in the UeKoz-ovvwog, viii. 73. 

Apvomg, a district of 'EAAot?, south of Mount Otrr,, and in 
the neighbourhood of the K^fo-oc, i. 56.— afterwards called 
Aagig, viii. 3 1 . 

A^vo? KsCpct^oti, a place in Mount KdotiPav, so called, ix. 39. 

Aviax'jotTctt, a tribe of 2//cyiW2/, v. 68. 

Av/xy, a town of A%oith f in the IlgXoTroyj/Jio-oc, i. 145. 

Ai/gos^-, a river of T(>n%tg, in OsaauKr/i, falling into the bay of 
Mrfrig, vii. 198. 

Avcojqou, a mountain of Uoctoum in 0£>ji';i>7, near the lake JJooi- 
aiccg, near which were silver mines, v. 17. 

AcooavYt, a district and town of QsovacdTtr) in northern 'E>*.eig, 
ii. 52, 56 j — where was an oracle of Zsvg, i. 46 ; ii. 52, 55; 
ix. 93. The story respecting it, ii. 55. Its prophetesses, ib. 

Aagieeg -.— the possessors of many considerable cities in the 
TLeKoTrovvYicrog, viii. 73. Their migrations, i. 56. Their chiefs 
were originally Ar/vx-rioi, vi. 53. They, together with the 
laueg, drive the Kxosg from the islands, i. 171. They engage 
in four expeditions into Attixyi, v. 76. A division of them 
(the Axxsiouftoum) undertake the first Hellenic invasion 
of Acrr/i, iii. 56. The Acogissg of Aar/i subdued by Kpotvog, 
i. 6, 28. Those of TYivrwKtihig send messengers to Kv^oc at 
2«£($^,i. 141, 144. They serve in the fleet ofSeo&g, vii. 93. 
Ew/Sssy^o/, i. 146. The names of their tribes in 2ikvojs/ 
changed, v. 68. 

Aco^iivg, the son of Aucc^ocu^to/;;, v. 41. He was pre-eminent 
over all his contemporaries. Not being willing to be subject 
to his brother K'hso^svyg, he leads out a colony to KiwS 
in AiZvyi, v. 42. He goes into Ir«*?.//?, and aids the Koora- 
vr/irxt in taking 2t>Sa«/c; from whence he continues his 
voyage to 2/«??u/7, and there dies in a battle with the <E>o/- 
vlKig and the EysaTcttoi, iii. 43 — 46 ; vii. 158, 205. His son 
EvQvocvciKTYig, the colleague in command of Tlecvaavrr,;, 
ix. 10. 

AagtKou sfoog> viii. 43. of Hellenic origin: whence called, i. 56. 
After various changes of abode they at length settle in the 
JlshoTTouvwog, i. 56, and viii. 31. 
Aa^ig, most anciently called AgvoTrig : — it was not laid waste 
by the Tl^aoci in consequence of the favourable disposition 
of its inhabitants, and the advice of the Qicastlioi, viii. 31. 
Aa^ig sofag (the dress of Aumg), v. 87. 
Aaoog, the son of'Ew.jjy, i. 56. 

Aarog, the son" of TSUyxafiooc, general of the TLsc^ctyopig and 
the "SlacTf/iPot, vii. 72. 



INDEX. xlvii 



EQeuog (ebony), in AtO/oniy, iii. 114. 

r E€^, a large river of 0gw%i?, rising in Mount Aipog, and 
falling into the TLovrog Atyotiog, ix. 90 ; vii. 59. 

'EyeoroiiQi, a people in the west of 2/**A/)9, allies of the Kc&q- 
XYibovtoi, v. 46. 

Eyp^Ag??, a people of I~a?\v(>iy}> v. 61 ; ix. 43. 

E<3<yAoi/ (an image) of the baking woman of K^otcog, i. 51. 

E/*oi/?£ (images) : — wooden, of king MvKegtvog, ii. 130. Two 
wooden, of 'Hgw at Socpog, ii. 182. 

Ethsidviy : — the goddess presiding over child-birth 3— tribute 
paid to her after a speedy delivery, iv. 35. 

Ei'Aajrxt and iihoing ; slaves, and to be distinguished from the 
7re(><oix,ot, who, although not Stk^t/jjtssj, were free, and 
served as oV Arras/, ix. 11. Their various duties, vi. 58, 75, 
80, 81. Every "SirccgnYiryis was attended by seven sihareg 
in the war against the Usgcoit, ix. 10, 28. Their ignorance 
of the distinction between copper and gold, ix. 80. 

JLipxTot (garments) made («to gvAw;/) from the cotton tree, 
by the luliot, vii. 65 : — of hemp by the ®Qw>ces, iv. 74 : — 
of wool and linen by the Aiywnrm, ii. 81. Dresses dyed 
by the ^u^uyyxt, vii. 67. 

'B&aretids, the son of 'Hynaotuh^og, an historian, who derived 
his pedigree from a god, on which account he was derided 
by the priests of A;yyrros,ii. 143; v. 125. He advises against 
a war with the Ui^acx.i, v. 36. He advises the erection of 
fortifications in the island of Aegog, v. 125.— his account of 
the unjust expulsion of the U&ocayot from Armey, vi. 137. 

'Ekxtov vr,aoi (the hundred islands), a cluster of small islands 
situated between AsaQog and the continent of Aovvj, i. 151. 

r E*-ny£, a son of TJ^tx/xog, older and more manly than his 
brother AAsgeu'Sf 0;, ii. 1 20. 

EAea*? (the olive) said to be a native originally of Array 
only, v. 82. The olive in the a^o^oA/?, which was burnt 
by the barbarians, springs up afresh, viii. 55. An ^"olive 
crown proposed as the reward in the games at OAt^wvjj, 
viii. 26. 

Ea&s/ov?, a town of the xegro»wos in (d^Um, vi. 140; vii. 22, 
33 ; ix. 116. The ETiectovaioi ask Setu$i7F7rog to avenge the 
cause of H^anat'hsag, ix. 120. 

E7\oirstct, a town in thejiorth of ^ajctg, viii. 33. 

E>«0o; (deer):— no deer in AtSwi, iv. 192. 

EA&y, an island in the AgArot of Aiyvirrog (supposed by 
Larcher to be situated between the aro^ocrx BovKo7\tKct 
and 2&ewvTtxu of the Ng<Ao<r) 5 ii. 140. 



xlviii INDEX. 

'EtevYi, the daughter of Twlxgog; — the story of her abduction, 
ii. 112— 120; v. 94; ix. 73. Her temple at Qs^xttvyi, vi. 61. 
She was called by the Tv^iot, Suvyi AQgollTr., as is thought 
by 'H^ohoroc, ii. 112. 

EtevoiviY} Ayi/&yityh> : — her temple, ix. 57, 101. 

EXzvoig, a town of Arrizr,, about twelve miles north-west of 
AOyuxt, viii. 65, — where was a sacred grove, vi. 75, and 
where were celebrated mysteries in honour of lslr,rr,o and 
KovgY], viii. 65. 

Elitpxvrsg in A/Sv>7, iv. 191. 

ILteiPccitTtvY), a city of Aiyvxrog on the Nf/Xo?, about 1800 
arxhx south of ®y£xi, ii. 9, 17, 28 — 32, 69, 175; iii. 19, 
20. 

EXstovtos, of E^iav or E?if<ai/>j (there were two towns of this 
name, one in Boicon/i west of Txvxy^n, the other in ®a*.ig 
near Mount Uxguwarog), Aurt^x^/ig gives counsel to Au- 
Qievg, V. 43. 

'EA/joj, a town of A#«/iVj, in the rieXorovi/^o^, a little east 
of Atyiov, i. 145. 

'E^iKuvtog Uoattltav, i. 148. 

'E*/oi/*of, a western people, probably of northern \rx"Kin y 
who served under Away in 2/«£X/>j, vii. 165. 

'E^Aa? : — its excellent climate, iii. 106. The nursery of po- 
verty and the school of virtue, vii. 102. In the war against 
the TLs^axi, they were not in want of generals but of an 
army, vii. 161, 162. Fifteen nobles sent with AvpoKyor,; 
by Aot(>eiog> as spies into 'EKKctg, iii. 135— 138. It suffered 
greater calamities in the reigns of Ax^uog, atfag and A^- 
Tet&P&g, during three generations, than during the twenty 
which preceded them, vi. 98. 

'Exx>7, the daughter of JLdx/zxg; — her tomb near Kxfiiri in 
G^yi'iKYi, vii. 58. 

'Eton*, the father of Awjoj, i. 56. 

'EAT^ksc, partly Lavs? who were principally Tl&xoyot, partly 
Aa^inc who were K EXhYivig strictly so called, i. 56 — 59. 
comp. ii. 51. — distinguished from the BxpZxooi in the most 
ancient times,— and especially by their ingenuity, i. 60. 
Letters and other useful branches of learning taught them 
by the ^otuixsc under Kxbpog, v. 58—60. They write from 
left to right, which distinguishes them from the AtyvTrrtot, 
ii. 36. They received the yvupuv, the irotog, and the di- 
visions of the day from the BxZvhuviot, ii. 109. ysu/u,£r^in y 
from AtyvxTog, ii. 109; — also the shield and the helmet, 
iv. 180, — also the names of the twelve gods, and the rites 
of Awwtoj, ii. 4, 43, 49 ;— also their processions and 
yearly assemblies, ii. 58. The mysteries of the Kxtsiou, 



INDEX. xlix 

celebrated (as also by the Qoiufaes ILetraixoi) by the Ue^oca- 
yot from ^ctpofyy'iKYi, ii. 51 ; iii. 37. The antiquity of the 
Hellenic compared with that of the ^Egyptian gods, ii. 143 
— 146. Their gods of human origin and nature, i. 131. 
Zft/ff ' EX7\ Yivtog , ix. 7. The tutelar gods of 'E^'hu.g, v. 92. 
The gods common to all the 'E"h7^r,veg (o/ xoidoi hoi) y ix. 90. 
comp. vi. 68. The names of all their festivals end with the 
same letter, i. 148. On the death of a father, they es- 
tablish a festival, iv. 26. They derived the dress and 
cttytg, with which they adorned their statues of AQyivyi 
from the AiQvaaen, iv. 189. Their laws similar to those of 
the 'EXhviveg, i. 94. The simplicity of their diet despised by 
the UiQaoct, i. 133. They celebrate the games of 0"Kv(a- 
my, at which they contended, not for riches, but for an 
olive crown, viii. 26. They are abandoned to the love of 
boys, i. 135. They trade with the <&owxs?, i. 1 ; iii. 107, 111. 
They had intercourse with the Atyvmioi subsequently to 
the reign of Yos^/t/^o?, ii. 154. NawxgasT/f was the only 
port of A:yv7TTo; to which they had access, ii. 178, 179. 
Subsequently to the time of KapQvavig the 'ETShYiveg often 
went into AtyvTrrog for purposes both of war and com- 
merce, iii. 139. A body of them serve under YxftptYivtros, 
iii. 11. The 'E?\Kr,vsg of Amy subdued by Kgoitjog, i. 26. 
At the destruction of the kingdom of A&vn by Kvgog, they 
send ambassadors to him at 2ee^/c, i. 141. The contemp- 
tuous reply which Kvgog gave to the Auxslxtfcovtoi, i. 152. 
The laves and Aiding taken by Ketf&Qvavig as his hereditary 
slaves into AtyvTrros, ii. 1 ; iii. 1, 25. They are stationed 
by Au^etog to guard the bridge over the lar^og in the ex- 
pedition into 'S.xvQiKYiy iv. 97, 98. comp. c. 139. They 
revolt from the He^oou, v. 29 — 37. By the aid of the Afa- 
vccioi they take 2<*gB/<r, v. 100, 101. Whence arose the 
war between them and the UeQactt, v. 97. The 'ET^^vsg 
of Aatn at length become subject to the UfQcrxt, vi. 31 — 93, 
42. The 'Etoyvsg of Ev^tttj commanded to deliver earth 
and water to ActQstog, vi. 48. comp. vii. 32, 131. The 
battle of MctQxQai/, vi. Ill — 117. Aupaog plans a se- 
cond expedition into 'EATiasj, vii. 1, which his successor 
BsQ^Yig puts in practice, vii. 8 — 19. Before the commence- 
ment of the war, previous to Se^ns leaving 2*^/?, they 
determine to lay aside all enmities among themselves, 
vii. 145. At the invasion of Hsfaig some of them deliver 
earth and water to the Us^aoti, vii. 138, — in consequence 
of which, the rest of the 'Etoviveg swear to sacrifice every 
tenth man of them to the god of the AgA<po/, vii. 1 32. The 
'EMyvsg of &qv}'uv] fight on the side of 3e$ vis, vii. 185. 
[ D ] 



INDEX. 

The 'E^yueg send deputies to the la^uog from their dif- 
ferent provinces to consult for the best means of defence, 
vii. 172. comp. 145. The A^ysiot refuse to join the Hel- 
lenic confederacy, vii. 148 — 153. Ambassadors from 'Ea- 
Xxg sent to Tehau in 2/xgX/>j, vii. 153 — 162. — deceived in 
their hopes of assistance from the K^kv^xioi, vii. 168, — 
and the K^rsg t vii. 169, 170. They lose the alliance of 
the Qsaax'hot, vii. 172 — 174. They determine to oppose 
the progress of Seeing at QegpovvXou and AgTepiatov, 
vii. 175, 176. They wait for the Tie^cci at Qs^o^uhxiy 
vii. 202, — where was fought that most celebrated battle 
(in which Asavihrtg and the 300 Ikx^tiwcli fell) during a 
celebration of the games at OAv^t//?, vii. 203 — 229. The 
fleet of the 'ET^hviusg at Agre/icurioi/, viii. 1, 2. They deli- 
berate upon a retreat to the Icdpog, viii. 4, 18. comp. 49 — 
56, 74 — 75. The fleet proceeds to 2aAa^, viii. 40. They 
deliberate on the best place and manner of giving battle 
to the enemy, viii. 49 — 65. A catalogue of those who sent 
ships to Ixha-^ig, viii. 43 — 48. The sea-fight off 2a>«,t4<>, 
viii. 84 — 92. The names of those 'E^Yivsg who distinguish- 
ed themselves there, viii. 93 — 95. The second u^qtyHo. 
adjudged to QspiaroxXsyig, viii. 123, 124. They pursue the 
fleet of the liz^acci to Aulgog, which place they besiege on 
account of its desertion to the enemy, but without suc- 
cess, and afterwards return to 2aAa^j>, where they offer 
up a portion of the booty (cckqoQiuioc.) to the gods, viii. 111. 
112, 121. The '~&KkY>»ss fortify the ladftog, viii. 71 ; ix. 10. 
After the retreat of Mxfioviog from Attojj into Botany, 
they meet at Etevoig, and from thence advance as far as 
Egvfyxt, ix. 19. Their army and its arrangement at TZhx- 
rxtxi, ix. 28 — 30. They change their position, and ap- 
proach the island of Hfgoj (formed by two branches 
of a river) near Mount KidxtQav, ix. 51. The battle of 
IlAefc rxixi, ix. 59 — 76. The names of the 'Ex^nvsg who 
there distinguished themselves, ix. 71, 72. After having 
made proper offerings to the gods, they divide the booty, 
ix. 81. They besiege Qr&xt, ix. 86—88. Their fleet is as- 
sembled at Acyts/Yi^ viii. 131 — 132. They are afraid to sail 
beyond Ayfrog, viii. 132; — but afterwards advance as far 
as li-xpog, ix. 96. The battle of ISIvkclKyi, ix. 102 — 106. 
The names of the 'ET^hnvig who distinguished themselves, 
ix. 105. On their return to 2x/aog they receive the lausg of 
the islands into the common alliance of the states, ix. 106. 
From 2ct pog they proceed towards the ' EKhwrrovrog to de- 
stroy the bridges of Seg&g, but find them already taken 
away : — the AxKihxipovioi then return home, and the Adit 



INDEX. li 

vxioi besiege ^wto?, which they at length take, and return 
to'EATiac, ix. 114—122. 

'EXKnvzg ^Kv&xiy iv. 17. comp. c. 108. 

Tvgirxt, a people near the mouth of the river Tv^c, 

(now the Dniester), iv. 51. 

' E*.*w7ro!/Tiri$ ; the north-east wind was so called in 'ET^hxg, 
because it blew from the ' EXhwxovTog, vii. 188. 

'EAA>j(T7roi/TOf, that narrow strait which divides the UouTog 
Atyxiog from the Tl^oTcovrig; (sometimes, however, it is 
confounded with the latter), iv. 38. Its length and breadth, 
iv. 85. Cities upon its shores, vi. 33. — crossed by Ax^siog, 
v. 11. A bridge thrown over it by Hs^-/ig» vii. 33; which 
is much injured by a violent storm, but is afterwards re- 
paired, vii. 34 — 36. A golden urn and a Persian sword 
are thrown into it as presents by Metric, vii. 54. 
' TS,XhY\<r7rovTiot ; they served in the army of Hsgf yg, and were 
left in charge of the bridges, vii. 95. 

Eaaott/jj, a portion of land in the northern part of EvQoty, 
viii. 23. 

EAagof, a river on the eastern side of Sf&sTww, near the 
southern promontory (Pachynum) of that island, vii. 1 54. 

EftGoltpog ueis (the intercalary month), i. 32. 

~EfC7TQQ{oc; (commerce). — Some traces of commerce among 
the ancients : — Goods imported by the Qotulxeg from At- 
ywKiog into 'E\~hxg in the most ancient times, i. 1. The 
same people imported frankincense, myrrh, cinnamon, and 
the "hvftxvov from Aqoc&iyi, iii. 107, 111. Corn imported into 
AiyTvYi and the TLshonoMwog from the Uourog sv^stvog, 
vii. 147. comp. iv. 17, where the HwOxi x^orvi^g are said to 
have corn for the purpose of selling it at market. Tin and 
amber obtained from the extreme north-western parts of 
Evgasrw, iii. 115. Commerce with TagTYiavog, (which was 
discovered by the Qaxxusg) i. 163, — by which great wealth 
was obtained by KaTiXtog a 2ee^/o$, and Hwrgxryig of Ai- 
yivv], iv. 152. Commercial affairs transacted between the 
K^^jjSowo; and a people of A&vvi beyond the Columns of 
' H(>KK.7iYig ; — the manner described, iv. 196. The travelling 
companies of merchants (or caravansaries), which travel 
over the great deserts of AtQvn; — their route, iv. 181 — 185. 
Frequent commercial intercourse between 'E^'hxg and Ai- 
yvTrrog in the time of Kx/^Qvang, iii. 139. The 'TLTShwzg 
had a market at ~NxvK%xrig in Atyv xrog, ii. 178. Linen 
(yuvov) imported into 'EKKxg from A/ywrog/ii. 105;— also 
the BvQy^og, v. 58. JVine imported from 'Eaa^ and <J>eu- 
vikyi into Aiyvirrog m earthen vessels, iii. 6. Palm wine 
and other goods carried down the Evcpp/ir/ig to BxGv+av 
[d2] 



Hi INDEX, 

by the Aytmoi 3 i. 194. Eunuch boys sent from Lx^hg and 
Eipfo-o? into UeftatKY), where they were highly valued, iii. 49; 
viii. 105. The >.tuou Ko^ixov called Sagdowxo* by the 'Ex- 
T^vivic, ii. 105. 

Evoeygfc, (accursed, requiring expiation), v. 70, 71. 

J&uxpeeg, a nation of the 2«y&*/, i. 105. They receive the art 
of prophecy from A(pgodm?„ iv. 67. 

Eksto/, a people of I*Xv§/>] at the extremity of the loviog 
xohirog, v. 9. They sell their children in marriage, i. 196. 

TS.vtxvTog t (the year) first computed and divided into months 
by the Aiyv7rrtoi y ii. 4. The computation of the 'EAAvji/sg-, 
i. 32, — of the Uegac&t, iii. 90. 

TLutYivsg, a people in the southern part of OsmxThyi, who made 
a treaty with the YL%paxi y vii. 132, 185, 198. 

TLvl7revg t a river in the centre of OsoaxTiiYi, running northward 
and falling into the Anfoxvog, vii. 129. 

'Evvexz^ovvog, a fountain at AQ/iuxt, vi. 137. 

ILuusx olot (Nine Ways), the name of a town in Qgyixq, near 
the banks of the river Irpypuv, vii. 114. 

fLvv\ng (otters), caught by the Tzhavoi, iv. 109. — held sa- 
cred by the Aiyvrrtoi, ii. 72. 

TLvvnuix (dreams) of Kgoiacg, i. 34.— of Aarvxyyg, i. 107, 
108 : — of Kv^og, i. 209 : — of KxpZvong, iii. 30 :— of the 
daughter of Ylo^vx^xr/ig, iii. 124: — of 'limine the son of 
Tluo tar^xTocy vi. 107 : — of Axng the general of the Ilfj- 
cxi, vi. 118: — of Hf^|»j<r, vii. 12:— the same dreamed by 
AgrxZxvYi;, vii. 17, 18. — another of 3ep&g, vii. 19. The 
nature of dreams, vii. 16. Oracles sought from dreams 
by the Nxo-xftwsg; — how, iv. 172. — likewise by the 0>j- 
Gxioi of Botany, viii. 134. No dreams known by the Ar- 
"kxuTzg, iv. 184. 

^x/^TTxiog, a bitter fountain, and a place between the Bo- 
Qvadei/Yig and the ' lirxvig on the borders of the countries 
occupied by the ~2xvdxt x^orri^sg and the Ahx^ovic, called 
in the language of the 'E^w«j lgxt o'ocu, iv. 52, 81. 

' E^xiroKiCy called Tlsurxxohig in the time of 'H^o&oro&i. 144. 

"Eofiot, a people of Mxxtloviri, placed by 'Hgohorog between 
the Uxioveg and the Borrixtoi, vii. 185. 

Eirxcpog, — the Greek name for the Avig of the Atyvxzioi, 
ii. 153 j iii. 27, 28. 

his bulls, ii. 38. 

EirixhTYig, the son of Ev^vlnfcog t who betrayed the 'ExXwe; 
to the Ylioaxi at ©sgctoin/Aa/, vii. 213 — 218. His flight 
and death, vii. 213. 

'Extyovot, supposed poems of 'OfiYi(>og, iv. S2. 

'E.'Triy£XfA(txTx (inscriptions), — in the temple of AxoKkuu 



INDEX. liii 

lofAqvios at <S>*j£oe/ in the KoibftYii'ot ygtzfipoiToi, v. 59 — 61. 
An inscription falsely purporting to belong to the AotKsloct- 
ficoviot, i. 51. An inscription placed in the temple of 'H^>j 
loifUYi by Mct,uh%QKkYis the architect of the bridge over the 
' EX'AYi<r7rovTos, iv. 88. Inscriptions placed over those who 
died at ©g^oo-iMs*/, vii. 228. See TgotftuetTcc. 

E-zvBosi^of, a city on the north-east coast of A^ydhtg in the 
UfroTovuwos, besieged by Jls^tuv^Qog, ih\ 52. The mother 
city of the Aiylvnrcct, viii. 46, — who, although once sub- 
ject to it, afterwards revolted, v. S3. On account of the bar- 
renness of their land, olives are sent to them by the A0»- 
vxtot. — An agreement, and its consequences, v. 82 — 89. 
'E'rribccv^toi at TL^ctrotiut, ix. 28. — Aa^/gfj in AaiY), i. 146. 

Evi^v^toi Aoxgoi, an Hellenic colony (of the Kgtaocttoi) at 
the southern extremity of IrcchtYi, vi. 23. 

E?r/£i5Aoc, the son of KoutpciyogYis, struck blind in a surprising 
manner, vi. 117. 

E7r/o!/, a town of the western side of the UsTiO^owviaos in the 
territory of the Kuvnayes, iv. 148. 

UrturxvOirrov, an expression literally signifying ' act like a 
2w#J7£,' derived from their habits of intemperance (mkqy)- 
ToiroaiYi), and hence metaphorically meaning, ' drink more 
intemperately' (-xisuv ^aQoriQov), v ^« 84 « 

JLwiotqoQo;, the father of AptyifAvwrot;, vi. 127. 

E^ccaTvog, a small river in the IlgAojroz/^o-of, having its source 
in the IrvfAtyrfaw 7s.iy.vn in AgxaSiY) : — the saying of K?igo- 
ftevns respecting it, vi. 76. 

E^t^iyij a town of EvQoty on the Ei/giVo?, i. 61. It was one 
of the places against which the armament of the Hi^aut 
was sent by Axquo; under MbcqIovios, vi. 43 : — under Aotrts 
and AgTotcpegvYis, vi. 94. 

The E^grg/gg.c were originally laves, viii. 46.— conquered by 
the IlsQaon, vi. 101. When taken to Sovcra they were kindly 
treated by Actgetos, vi. 1 1 9. They send ships to aid the Mi- 
>>3ff;o; in return for a favour previously conferred upon them 
by the latter, v. 99. — at SoeAos^V, viii. 46. — at UtctTectou, 

IX. 28. 

Eofj^gy^, a king of the Afavottot, viii. 44. the father of tyst- 
6vty, vii. 189. The Ew/Bat/f/o/ send yearly offerings to him 
at Afauui, v. 82. His temple in the axgoa-oTu;, viii. 55. 

Egliwc of Actios and Oihinovs, iv. 149. 

Etwees (interpreters), among the Aiyvxriot, of the Hellenic 
language, ii. 1 54 : — among the l^vo^otyoi^ of the ^Ethio- 
pian language, iii. 19. The Lkv&oci transacted business in 
the markets of the Boqvofcvm through the medium of in- 
terpreters, iv. 24. 



liv INDEX. 

'E£(W*k: — statues of him ogdx i-^ovrx rx xtooix, ii. 51. His 
temple at BovGxartg in AiyvTrrog, iL 138. — much worship- 
ped by the 0^i»£j, v. 7. 

EgfAtovevc, the father of Aao-o?, vii. 6. 

'Egpaoi/Yi, a sea-coast town in A^yoX/j, the north-western pro- 
vince of the TlfroTrovumos, founded by a colony of the 
AgyoTrfs, viii. 73. The inhabitants sell the island of 'TeJ^ 
to some 2cifiioi exiles from their country, iii. 59. They 
send three ships to Lx'hxfjtTig, viii. 43. They are at the 
battle of JJTixrxixt, ix. 28. 

' E(>fif7r7rog of Arx^uiv; in Mi/ov^, vi. 4. 

c Eopo'hwcos, an Ad/ivxiog, and the son of Evdvvog ; — celebrated 
in the TrocyxgciTtau, ix. 105. 

'E^o.c, a river of AioKtg in Aa<>7, i. 55, 80; v. 101. 

' EQficoTif&os of n>j<Wo£, an eunuch of great influence in the 
court of Ss^vis, viii ". 04. He effects a bloody revenge upon 
the man who deprhed him of his manhood, viii. 105, 106. 

' EQf&oTvQieg, a warrior caste of the Ar/un-iot, ii. 164 — 168 : 
— exclusively military, ii. 165, 168. 

'E(>y.o(pccuTozy one of the generals in the revolt against the 
TIzqgxi at 'Zxphg, v. 99. 

E^x'A^og, the father of Kayc, iv. 97; v. 37. 

'Eq7tvs, the father of Ttfimyivilyg, ix. 38. 

E(>vdux 3 an island on the coast of I^noin, without the ar/iKxt 
' H^xkKuxi and near TyihtQx, iv. 8. 

EqvOpxi tyic BoicjTiyg, upon the Agwttos, and south of QyQxi, 
ix.'l5, 19. 

Eovfyxi, one of the twelve cities of the lavzg in Avar], oppo- 
site the island of Xfoc, i. 142. 

Ef>v0Qc&tot ;— they use the same peculiarities of speech as the 
Xib/, i. 142. — in the army of the 'E^yvsg at MAjjto;, 
vi. 8. 

EqvQqyi /ScjAoj (red soil), a town of Atyvirrog so called : — not 
certainly known, ii. 111. 

E^vfyri dx^xaay : under this term were comprehended the 
A^xQio; koKko;, and the whole of the southern sea, as far 
as the river Ivlo;, ii. 8, 158, 159; iv. 39. 

EfWKtvn q xcogy, in the west of 2m>/Q, north of "2s*Tmv$, v. 45. 
Eqvko; 9] X a Z*i sa id °y tne oracle of Axing to belong to the 
'HgxxKulxi, V. 43. 

E£v|<y, the widow of A^Ksat^sac } whose murderer she killed, 
iv. 160. 

E(M%o.c, a town of $ax/;, in the neighbourhood of Mount 
tlx^vYiaaos, viii- 33. 

EoOng (clothing) ; — made of the faeag (Arundo ampelodes- 
mon of Sprengel), in use among the luioi, iii. 98.— Pictures 



INDEX. lv 

painted by the Kuvxuom on their dresses, i. 203. The 
dress of the lavs?, the Kel^ssy and the AaQteeg, v. 88. 

Erie* (years), the length of life among the AtBtovsg and 
Hep*/, iii. 22, 23. Fifteen thousand years intervening, 
according to the Atyvjcriot, from the time of Atouvaog to 
that of Apecatg, ii. 145. 

Ergee^o?, a king of A|o? in Kg«r>?, iv. 154. 

another, a king of the Appavm, ii. 52. 

ErsoxAnc, the father of Aclolocftotc;, v. 61. 

Eve&yo^;, a Acckou, vi. 103. 

Ey#/j/f?ro?. the son of Ka^yiuoc, vii. 1 73. 

EyocA*/^, a distinguished general of the E^sr^tseg, v. 102. 

Ei/£ogfc, colonists of 'Stx.tKiYi : — how treated by TeKav, vii. 156. 
An oracle pronounced respecting them, to which, how- 
ever, they neglect to attend, vii. 20. 

EvQostxov rocTieauroi/, containing sixty ftveut, and equivalent (ac- 
cording to Arbuthnot) to 193/. 15*. in English money, 
iii. 89. 

EvZo'ifcs pvso&t, containing 100 Attic B^es^es/, and equivalent 
(according to Arbuthnot) to 3/. 4*. Id. in English money, 
iii. 89. 

EvZqiyi, a long and narrow island lying along the eastern side 
of 'EXhetg, iv. 33. — large and fortunately conditioned, and 
not less than Kt/vgo; in extent, v. 31. A battle fought 
there, viii. 4 — 8. 

EvQoiyis roe, Ko/>#, viii. 13. 

roe, ctxgx, vi. 100. 

Evihdav, a king of ^loChotfjug in Kwrgos, who, as a compliance 
with the request of ^s^sti^ desiring military aid, sent 
her presents suited to her sex, iv. 162 ; v. 104. 

Evs^yerxi (benefactors), of the king of the H^oou, vii. 85. 

Evea^sQiiocf on the coast of A&vvi, a little to the north-west 
of Kvqvjuyi and Bchqkyi, iv. 171. 

Evsa7rsqiTUi ; — they inhabit a country of surprising fertility, 
iv. 1 98. 

Evviutos, the father of An'i'<pouog the prophet, ix. 92. He was 

the keeper of the sheep which were sacred to the sun, ix. 93. 

When blinded on account of neglect of his charge, he was 

gifted with the art of prophecy, ix. 94. 
Evduuo;, the son of ' EgftoKvxos, ix. 105. 
Evxhskm, one of the sons of Ikxoxputyis, vii. 155. ^ 
EvpsvYis, Avayv^otam Advivxio;, who greatly distinguished 

himself in the sea-fight off 2«A0£fc, viii. 93. 
Evvo^ac, the son of Ylcihvhsxrvi?, viii. 131. 
Evvovxott of more value among the HsQaut than those slaves 

who are not castrated (iuo^ioi), viii. 105 : comp. vi. 32. 



Ivi INDEX. 

Ev^avog VOVTOC, i. 6, 72. called /3o^i'jj 8cthaoor h iv. 37. The 
nations upon its coasts, iv. 46. 

~Ev7rcihlvo$, the son of NccvorQotpog, an architect, iii. 60. 

Ev§f7ro?, a strait which separates EvQor/i from the continent 
of 'EAAosc, v. 77; vii. 173; viii. 15. It is defended by the 
"E.KkYivt;, vii. 182. 

Eygva^sei, the son of Acoo/evg, and the colleague of Uocvaot- 
viyg, ix. 10, 53, 55. 

JLvgvQc&Tvc, a practised vsurets&hog : — his defeat and death, 
vi. 92; ix. 75. 

Ev£y£*etd>j?, the son of EvQvxlfioYig, and admiral of the Hel- 
lenic fleet, viii. 2, 42. His want of judgement, (viii. 74.) 
praised, viii. 124. 

EvQvlocfiYi, the wife of Aivrv^ng ; — her family, vi. 71. 

Ei^i/Sjj^oc, the father of E^aXr^, vii. 213. 

JLv<wKKsi6riSy viii. 2. 

Eygyx^etr}^, the son of Uo^vlaQo^ vii. 204. 

Ev£yx£* t/B>3s-, the son of Ayx^cttyoc, vii. 204. 

EygyXsa;/, who led a colony with Ao-g/syjinto lixzhin, v. 46. 

'Ev^v t uxxog, the son of A£o>T/ad>^, put to death by the Hhcc- 
rutssg, vii. 233. 

Ev^v7rv~hog, the brother of ©agjjf the A^Ptaauioz, ix. 58. 

EvgvafavYig, the son of A^/o-roo^o?, vii. 204. He and U^oK^g y 
two kings of 'Zttccqty), were quarrelling all their life-time, 
iv. 147 ; vi. 52. The descendants of ~Ev£vafcvr,g were more 
honoured than those of H^ox^ng, vi. 51. The AotKilon- 
f<,ouioi are averse to the extinction of his race, v. 40. The 
genealogy of his descendants, vii. 204. 

Ev(>vf Qsvg, ix. 26, 27. 

Ey^yro.c, one of the three hundred ^'Troc^rinroci at ©f^oTyXa/, 
who, on account of a severe disease in his eyes, was sent 
home by Atavihyg, but who nevertheless returned to the 
battle, vii. 229. 

Evgytpaj/, the son of npo»X»c, viii. 131. 

Ev^ny, abduced by the K^nrsg, i. 2. Her sons 2«fx>j<W 
and Miuug, i. 173. Did Ev^on* Tv^tyi give her name to the 
country EvganYi ? iv. 45. 

Ey£<ii5r>7 bounded, according to 'Hgolorog, by the river <bocatg 
in KoA#;_c; according to others, by the river Txuetig, and 
the Ilo^fiYi'ioi Kiftpsgix, iv. 45. Its length compared with 
that of A;£y>j and Aow, iv. 42, 45. Its climate well 
adapted to the enjoyment of life, vii. 50. Its extreme 
countries unknown, iii. 115. 

Evrvxihri;, the father of 2a><p«i/>js, ix. 73. 

Ey#o£»oc, the son of Ax^os^oc, one of those who betrayed 
JLgsTQtn to the Usqauf, vi. 101. 



INDEX. lvii 

EvQogiav, the father of the poet A/a^tAoc, ii. 156, and of Ky- 

vctiyii^og, vi. 1 14. 
— — another, the father of Act(pocuyig, who entertained the 

Atovzov(>ot, vi. 127. 
Ewpgurjjff, a large river of Aaty, which has its source in Aj- 
ftsutm and falls into th~ 4 EgvdgYi @oiha.aon ; — it forms the 
boundary line between K*?w%/» and A^tvin, v. 52. It 
flows through BctZvhau, i. 180. Its course is made tortu- 
ous by N/T<a*£/s, i. 185. Its waters are drawn off by Kv^og, 
i. 191. 

Eipecoj, one of the twelve towns of the lavsg in Aoiyi, near 
the sea, and south of the river Kuvar^tog y i. 142; ii. 10. 
The journey from Ecpsaog to SotgB^, v. 54. A temple there, 
ii. 148. Tne town being besieged by KQoiaog, the inha- 
bitants consecrate it to AgTsptg, i. 26. The Efpsovo/ are 
prevented from joining in the festival of AnocTovyu, 
i. 147. 

E<po£o/, public magistrates instituted at AaKibotipuv by Av- 
xovgyog, i. 65. By the advice of Kteopsuvig they order 
Mxiecul^tog the 'Sxpiog to leave 1ictx,^r<\, iii. 148. They 
caution Ava^ocvl^vig not to put to death any of the de- 
scendants of Ey£t/o-0£j/>7£, v. 39, 40. The sCpogot who had 
sat in council with Aqiotuv are called as witnesses by Asv- 
Tv%ihrig, vi. 63, 65. RXeoftevyig is accused before them, 
vi. 82. They send out Tloivoo&vtYig with an army by night, 
ix. 9, 10. The s(poQoi in the camp at UhciTottcci, ix. 76. 

E^g;B<ygo?, a river of MccxsZqviyi, flowing through UoctoutKYi 
and KgYjffTOJViKY} into the gulf of ®s^yi 3 the waters of 
which were exhausted by the army of Hewing, vii. 124, 127. 

'ExtxQurvis, the father of Hsr/ay, v. 92. 

Exepos, the son of HggoTroj, who killed 'Ytoog in single com- 
bat, ix. 26. 

E^sffT^etroc the son of Uytg, vii. 204. 

E%3vcci (vipers) ; a reason adduced for the supposed fewness 
of them, iii. 108, 109. frequent in A%u£iyi, iii. 108. One in 
2xv&**j, having in the upper part the form of a woman, 
who had three sons by c Hg«x7i)K, iv. 9. 

E^rz/etBe?, islands on the western coast of 'EXhug, at the 
mouth of, and formed by concretions of soil brought down 
by, the river A^Aao?, ii. 10. 

Eyjussg, a species of mice so called in AtGvvi, iv. 192. 

Z. 

ZuyxTiYi, a town in the north-east part of 2<*g*/jj, afterwards 
called MivcYiuYij vii. 1 64 :— occupied by the 2*pt<H t vi. 23, 



Iviii INDEX. 

24. — at war with ' Wttok^xtyis the rv^uvvog of Ttkvi, 
vii. 154. 

ZctKvudoc, an island of 'EAX«?, a little west of the Ut^ovou- 
vwos, in which is a lake whence pitch is obtained, iv. 195; 
vi. 70. ZxKvudiot, iii. 59 ; vi. 70. 

Zcivyixss, a people of A/€v>j, south of KugxYiliay, iv. 193. 

^gyfg^s-, a species of mice found in AiQvyi, iv. 192. 

ZsiQoti, (long garments), vii. 69. 

Zft/f/Sw^o?, the son of Af vrvxtiyg, vi. 71. 

Zsvg; a name used by the TLs^aoct to represent the whole 
circle of the heavens, and to which they offer sacrifices on 
the summits of mountains, i. 131. The temple of Ztvg BjjAoj 
at Bcc^v'Kuv, i. 181 — 183; iii. 158. He is called Apav by 
the AtyvTTTiot, and represented with a ram's face ; but not 
worshipped by all, ii. 42. A celebrated temple dedicated 
to him at @yi£oc.i, ii. 42, 56, also an oracle, ii. 54. His 
oracle at Me^oy in AiOiokiyi which KocftQvws was desirous 
of burning, ii. 29 ; iii. 25. A temple and oracle in the 
country of the Appavioi, derived from those at GrjQect, 
iv. 181. He was called Tlccnxiog by the ^Kvdect, and supposed 
to be the husband of Ty, iv. 59. His oracle at AcShuvvi, ii. 
55 — 57; derived from ©nQxi in Atyv7crog y ii. 54. K^otaog 
advises KSgocto offer tithes to Zsvc, i. 89. Zsvg Ayo^xtog, — 
his altar at Ishlvovg in ItaCKtm, v. 46.— 'ETievfagtog, — his altar 
at 'Zecftos raised by Mccixvl(>iog, iii. 142. — 'Eatijjwo?, ix. 7. 
r Eg«f/oc (who presides over houses) called to witness by 
A>7^«£J7To<f,vi. 68. — EirtoTiog, 'Ercagy'iog, Ka&ssgovoc, invoked 
by Kgoiaog, i. 44. — Kccgtog, — his temple held in common by 
the Kocgsg, the Mvaot, and the AvUot, i. 171. The family 
of laccyo^ng at Afaucci offer sacrifices to him, v. 66. Zevg 
of AoLKshxiftau and Ov^ocviog, — whose priests were kings of 
2wos^r>7, vi. 36. — AuQvartog,— his shrine in A^os/iVj of 0ar- 
<7fltA/n, vii. 197. Avkuos, — a hill sacred to him at Kv^vyi, 
iv. 203. — Oh-vpirtog, — his temple at Utax, ii. 7. A copper 
statue of him eight cubits high, presented from the spoils 
after the battle of U^xrcuoti, ix. 81. — 2 Tgocnog, worshipped 
by the Koigsg only, v. 119. 
Zonules (antelopes), found in A&vvi, iv. 1 92. 
Zaun, a town of Sxf&ofyyiiKvi, vii. 59. 

ZuTv^og, the son of MiyecQv^og, who by an ingenious strata- 
gem and at considerable personal sacrifice placed Ba&v'hav 
into the power of Axqsios, iii. 153, 158, — who in conse- 
quence appointed him governor of BctQv'hauiri, iii. 160. 
His daughter was ravished by ^a.rua7ryig, iv. 43. 

another, the grandson of the last, who deserted to the 

Afauouot, iii. 1 60. 



INDEX. lix 

Z<y<rT>jf, a promontory of Attmyi, Bouth-east of Afavut, be- 
tween that place and the Promontory of lovvtov, viii. 107. 

H. 

'H£w, the signal-word given by Asvrvxths to his soldiers, 
ix. 98. 

'Hywoev^Qoc, the father of ' Exotrutos, the historian, v. 125. 

' HywtxTwis and Aeav, kings of 27reiQry], i. 65. 

' Hyjjff ihtac;, the son of Aoqvooos, vii. 204. 

« another, the son of c I^^rox^a r/^, viii. 131. 

c Hyjj077nAj7, the daughter of OAogog-, a king of Qgyixv, mar- 
ried to M/?vt/o6^>3?, vi. 39. 

' Hy»j37ffT£«T0£, a tvquvvos of 2/yg/ov, V. 94. 

another, the son of Ag/ffT«yo^jjf, and an ambassador of 

the Ictftiot, ix. 90, 91. 

* Hy>7<j7<rT(9#T0£, of H?i/£; the most distinguished of the TsT^Ktct- 
txi and a prophet in the army of Mos^ov/os-, who escaped 
from the custody of the AxksIoci/^ouioi, by cutting off the 
forepart (ros^o-oc) of his foot, ix. 37. 

' HyYiro^Yis, Kaosz — his daughter was carried off by Mctfio- 
u:oc t ix. 76. 

'Hy^, the brother of Ttaxpsvos, ix. 33. 

Hlowoii oi, a people of Qqyi'i'kvi, east of TLtsQivi and the river 
Srgy^ai/, vii. 110, 114. My^;j/oj, one of their towns, on 
the l.TQyy.avy given as a present to larietioc: by Au^eiog, 
v. 1 1, 23, 124. They fight with the Adnvottot at Axrou for 
the possession of the gold mines, ix. 75. 

HfgoTTo?, the father of Ep^oj, ix. 26. 

HfTvai/, the son of E^garws- ; — the oracle uttered respecting 
him, v. 92. 

Hi'av, a town of ©gw'tij, a little east of the river "Zrfivf&au, 
vii. 25, 113 ; viii. 118. 

Hheioi, the inhabitants of the district HA;^ in the Ushoirov- 
unooc; ; — they destroy the towns of the Miuuxt in Botartvi, 
iv. 148. After the battle of Hhetrectxi they sent their ge- 
nerals into exile, ix. 77, They boast of the fairness of their 
decisions at the games of O^vpnivi, which however is im- 
peached by the Aiyv7rriot, ii. 160. The judges at the 
games were chosen from among the H?ig/o/,vi.l27. No mules 
in their country : why? iv. 30. 
Ilte.xTQov (amber), imported into 'EKhctg from the river Hqi- 
liotvog iii. 115. 

' HTuoj (the sun), the master of the Mecaaxysrect, i. 212,— 
who sacrifice horses to him, i. 216. The Hs^eu sacri- 
fice to him, i. 131 ; — also the A&vt$ ^ofischc, iv. 188. The 



lx IiNDEX. 

table of the sun in Aidioicm, iii. 1 8. Sheep sacred to the 
sun at AnoKhaviYi, ix. 93. — cursed by the A txoxutyi;, iv. 184. 
Lepers supposed by the Uegaxi to have offended the sun, 
i. 138. A golden image of the sun on the head of the ox 
made by Mvks^Iuoc: king of Atyv^Tog, ii. 1 32. The sun re- 
ceived as a reward of labour among the MccksIovss, viii. 137. 
The sun, according to the AiyvwTioi, once changed its 
course four times, ii. 142. The intense heat of the morning 
sun in IvIikvi, iii. 104. The sun appeared to the Qoiv Ixec, 
who were sailing round A&vy, on the right hand, iv. 42. 
It attracts the water, and is thus a cause of the periodical 
inundations of the NsAo.c, ii. 25. The sun obscured by the 
javelins of the Myloi at ©s^othA*/, vii. 226. The foun- 
tain of the sun in the country of the Appavioi, iv. 181. 
An eclipse of the sun, calculated by QxT^ng, i. 74. An- 
other recorded during the march of Ss^vis from Setght; to 
A^vlos, vii. 37 : — another, whilst the AotK&Sctif&oi/tot were de- 
fending the Iadp,os, ix. 10. 
'H*iov7ro?as (the city of the Sun), a city of Atyvxros within 
the Athtx and near its point, ii. 3, 7, 8, 9, 59, 63. Its in- 
habitants were the most celebrated of the AiyvirTioi, ii. 3. 
Hits, a city of the A/ru'Ksg, on the river Hyvstos, in the west- 
ern part of the HthoKovvwoc, viii. 73. 
' HfAiovos (a mule) : — one mentioned, which foaled a colt hav- 
ing double genital organs, vii. 57. The foaling of a mule 
regarded as an important omen, iii. 153. No mules in the 
HA?/>7 xagYi, iv. 30. — abhorred by the 2*v&*/, iv. 129. 
Hn thou/os, a river of ©eaaxhw in Ay.xiin or ^diurig, running 

northward and falling into the Uvivuo;, vii. 196. 
'Hqxiov, a town of Q^yi'ikyi on the U^07rour{g y iv. 90. 
' HgMKtetTivis, the son of l&xvcSKig, who was the captain of an 
ambuscade-detachment against the Heaven, v. 121. 

another, the father of Agiorohiscog, a Kv/axiog, v. 37. 

another, the father of A^iarxyo^Sy a Kvpxtog, v. 37. 

'H^»%> £/§«/, descendants of 'H^xk^yh by a maiden slave of 
Ixfixvog, kings of ^xfiig, '• 7, 13. They possessed the dis- 
trict of E^i/i in ^.ix.i'ktri, v. 43. They endeavoured to re- 
turn to the H€ko7rovvYi<jos after the death of Evgvafevg, ix. 26. 
' HgocK'hYi'ix/ arrihxi (the columns of 'H^axA>jf), those moun- 
tains which are situated upon both shores of that narrow 
strait modernly called the Straits of Gibraltar ; one of the 
extreme points of the world, as it was known in the time 
of 'HQohorog, ii. 33; iv. 42, 43, 181, 185. 
' HgxxTiWYi, one of the most ancient towns in 2/xg?u>j, founded 
by ' HguKTiijs, and situated in the territory of the Ax.^xyxv- 
rivot, v. 43. 



INDEX. lxi 

'H(>uKhnc;> an ancient god among the Atyvnrioty and of the 
number of their twelve gods, ii. 43, 145. He wishes to 
behold Zwg, ii. 42. His oracle, ii. 83. His temple at the 
KoivaGiKov arouse of the NgAo?, which was a place of re- 
fuge for runaway slaves, ii. 113. A most ancient temple at 
Tvgog, whence, (viz. from colonists from that place,) arose 
the temple of ' HgesxAw?, on the island of Q?ix.<jog, ii. 44. 
■ the son of A^n^vcoi/ and AT^k^yivyi was unknown to 
the kiywKTM, ii. 43 ; and he was comparatively a god of 
late existence among the 'TLKKviusg, ii. 145, 146. 'H^otx^vig 
Ohv/untog, very properly distinguished in the opinion of 
'H^ohorog from 'H^ctxAuj o y%ag> ii. 44. A silly account of 
the 'Efoweg respecting a supposed journey of 'Hg**?^ 
into AiyvTrrttg, ii. 45. When in pursuit of the oxen of IV 
Zvovng, he passes into 2x,v0exYi, and there has three children, 
by Exility, a monster, to whom he leaves his bow and belt, 
iv. 8 — 10. He was a god of the 2*v&>t/, iv. 59. His foot- 
marks on the rock by the river Tv^ng, iv. 82. — left by Iyi<t&)u 
and the AgyovctvToct, vii. 1 93.— said to have been aided when 
burning by the river Avgyg, vii. 198. His temple in the 
Kvuoax^ync at Adypea, vi. 116. — at MuqccQau, vi. 108, 116. 
His altar at Qs^onvhai, vii. 176. The progenitor of the 
'HQetKTisilott, kings of the Avloi, i. 7. He was the father of 
'Tttog, and the head of the family of A.wv&ng , vii. 204; 
viii. 131. 
'H£>9 Agyf/w, — her festival, i. 31. Her temple (Hgxtov) near 
the sacred grove of A^yog, vi. 81, 82. — Ictpai, to whom 
two wooden statues were presented by Apaaig king of Ai- 
yvnrog, ii. 182. A temple of 'Hqyi at JQAee rotiect, ix. 52, 61. 
Her name unknown to the AiyvTrrtot, ii. 50. 
Hgtixuog, a river said to flow into the sea, vcqpg fiopyy avspov, 
but the existence of which is not believed by Hgolorog ; 
(not to be confounded with the Eridanus of Virgil, now 
the Po):— iii. 115. 
'HgoloTog (see his Preface) lived about eight hundred years 
after the Trojan war, ii. 145, and four hundred years after 
'OpviQog and 'Hoiohog, ii. 53. He visits Atyvnrog nine 
hundred years after the death of Moi^ig, ii. 13. He speaks 
of the war between the Ylihanowwioi and the AOyuectot, 
vii. 137; ix. 73. He was probably initiated in the mysteries 
of the Ku,£ei(>oi, ii. 51. He is always cautious of saying little 
concerning the rites of religion, and never mentions them, 
except when forced by his subject, ii. 3, 46, 49, 65. He 
avoids disclosing the mysteries of the Aiyvxrioi and of A>j- 
WiY\%, ii. 171. His opinion with respect to the truth of 



lxii 



INDEX. 



oracles in general, viii. 77. His great respect for the in- 
dignation (uepeatg) of the gods, vii. 133, 134; viii. 13; 
ix. 65. The rules which he lays down for his conduct as 
an historian, vii. 152. comp. i. 95, 177 ; ii. 3, 44, 99, 123 ; 
iii. 9. He ingenuously acknowledges his love of digression, 
iv. 30. comp. vii. 171. Internal proofs of his integrity as 
an historian, v. 45; vii. 139, 152. 

'HgodoTo?, the son of BawA>ii'djj£, an ambassador of the Yavzg 
to the AecKsbxiftoviot, viii. 1 32. 

' H(>o<pecvTos a rvQecvuog of Tlengtou upon the ' JLt^wttovtos. 

'K^asg, not known to the Aiyvzrrioi, ii. 50. 'H^axXjjj the 
jj(>ac, different from the 'Hg«x?urc OTivpirtog, ii. 44. The 
qgag Kvgvog worshiped by the QaKoiiesg, i. 167 : — Tipwiog 
the founder of ASdi^ae, by the Ty'iot, i. 168 : — Ovnai^og, by 
the Aftoc&ovffiot, v. 114: — Srjjffojyop^, by the X^o-o^o-fra/, 
vi. 38. A temple (ojp/uiov) of Aar^ec^ccxog at 27ro&£r>5, vi. 69. 
The AkccvQioi make a sacrifice to AoTctxar/ig, who had for- 
merly been superintendant of the canal-cutters at Mount 
AQag, vii. 117. 

' Haiolog lived four hundred years before 'H^ohorog y and was 
one of the authors of the Qzoyouicti, ii. 53. He wrote a 
poem upon the 'Ttts^oqioi, iv. 32. 

' HQaioTtesg, the inhabitants of a town in Ar^vo;, vi. 140. 

"i&paiorog ; — his great temple at Miptptg, ii. 99, 101, 121, 147, 
176. The statues of ' HQcttoTog derided by Ka^tvarig, 
iii. 37. A feast of lanterns (Aa^xao^op/aj) in honour of 
him, viii. 98. 

0. 

0«A«<7<t>7 yh 7];— the Mediterranean sea, so called by 'H*o- 
lorog t i. 1, 185. 

®cthyg of MfrYiTog, originally from QoIuikyi; i. 170. He cal- 
culated an eclipse of the sun, i. 74. He devised means for 
transporting the army of K^oicog across the 'AT^vg, i. 75. 
He gave salutary counsel to the Icoveg with respect to the 
union of their cities in Amy, i. 1 70. 

Gotfcotucctot, a people of central or eastern Aviv, near the 2«- 
yct^noi and "Zctgccyyca, and south of the river A*»c, iii. 93, 
117. 

Qaftoiaiog, father of 'ZxvIcjkyh, the lieutenant-governor of 
Ato^tg, vii. 194. 

Qctf&iftxectlotg, the name of Uoauhcou among the 2kv0x/, 
iv. 59. 

Qetvuvgotg, the son of Ivccgog of A/£y>j, iii. 1 5. 

Oxoog, a small island of the JJouTog Atyociog, on the coast of 



INDEX. lxiii 

QgYi'iKYi, near the mouth of the river Netxrog, colonized by 
the QoiuUig, who there built a temple of 'Hqccx^yis, ii. 44. 
It derived its name from Octaog, a 3>o/wf , vi. 47. Its gold- 
mines, vi. 46, 47. — unsuccessfully besieged by Iotiuios, 
vi. 28. The cities of the Qamof on the continent, among 
which was Sr^n, vii. 108, 118. The Octatoi were subject 
to the TLiQireu, vi. 44. They are suspected of rebellion, 
and are ordered to destroy their fortifications, vi. 46. 

Geuaih^, the son of AsaTrgsKris, a "2<7rotQTtyjTYi$, vi. 85. 

QifitaKv^, a sea-coast town of Ka.n'Trcthox.tY} in Aov>j, on the 
river 0g^<y(W, iv. 86. 

Sif^iaroKT^iYi^ the son of NgoxXeijj, persuades the AQwuiot to 
expend the public revenue in forming a navy, vii. 144. He 
is the general of the A^uoctot in ©fo-o-aA/*?, vii. 1 73. He 
bribes the generals of the 'EAAjjve? at AgTsfttaiov to remain 
and risk a sea-fight, viii. 4, 5. He urges the lausg to de- 
sert from the nsgo-a/, viii. 19,22. He persuades EvQvZtotdyg 
to remain with the fleet at Ix^.u^Tg, viii. 56—58. He 
treacherously counsels the FLegaett to surround the fleet of 
the 'EAAyji/fc, viii. 74 — 76. He introduces AqwttIvis, who 
is the bearer of intelligence, to the council of the Hellenic 
generals, viii. 79 — 81. He exhorts the AQyjuutot to battle, 
viii. 83. He sends a second message to S^gl^, viii. 108 — no 
He secretly exacts money from the islanders, viii. Ill, 
112. He is the most skilful of the 'EAAjj^c, and carries 
off the second prize of valour, viii. 123, 124. He is parti- 
cularly honoured at Aa.Kshoctft.au, where he ably answers 
the unjust reproaches of Tlftolyiftog, viii. 124, 125. 

Qeptaav, of ©^n, iv. 154. 

Qsoyovtoii, — sung by the Mayo/ at the sacrifices of the Hsq- 
aa.i t i. 132. The Greek faoyovw was composed by ' Ofwgog 
and 'Hrr<oSo£,ii. 53. 

GsoHaQog of 2a^o?, the son of TyksKMs, ih\ 41. He was a 
clever artificer, i. 51. 

QtoKvhvis, the father of A/xa/o?, viii. 65. 

OsofwaraQ, the son of Aulgobaftets, who was made the rvqxv- 
uog of the 2a^/o/ by the Ils^aeti, viii. 85; ix. 90. 

QeoTrofCTTos, a king of Sxagri?, of the family of FLqokKyis, 
viii. 131. 

Gsos (God), so called by the ngAao-yo/ from their placing in 
order (xoo-^« Setvect) all things, ii. 52. His truly wise 
providence, iii. 108; — even in the government of human 
affairs, viii. 13. — not favourable to those who will not use 
means which are in their own power, viii. 60. What he 
wills, it is impossible to avert, ix. 16; — but God himself 
cannot reverse the decrees of fate, i. 91. He is fond of 



lxiv INDEX. 

depressing the lofty, vii. 10. § 5. He generally gives 
warning of any great calamity about to fall upon a city or 
people, vi. 27. comp. vii. 57. Hence the power of tempt- 
ing the divinity, and doing any action in contemplation, is 
allowable, vi. 86. § 3. No crimes can be concealed from 
the gods, viii. 106. to Ssiou (pOavsQou, — the divinity jealous 
of human happiness, iii. 40; vii. 46, — x.ctt rci(>u%ahs, i. 32. 
utpwi; ex. Seov, i. 34. comp. iv. 205 ; viii. 106. 6 8sog (pdo- 
vw*Si vii. 1 0. § 5. The anger of the gods is extended to 
grandchildren, vii. 137. Too great severity in their re- 
venge, iv. 205. comp. viii. 106. The gods impiously defied 
by AirgtYis, ii. 169. Almost all the names of the gods 
brought from Aiyvzrroq by the UsXxayot, ii. 50, 52, — and 
the surnames of the twelve gods, ii. 4, 43, — to whom the 
Afai/xtot paid religious worship, vi. 103. Their altar at 
Ad/iueci, ii. 7. The Hellenic Qeoyoutcct composed by' O/xr,- 
(>os and 'Hatolog, ii. 53. A god, whose name it was forbid- 
den to utter, (comp. ii. 170.) was worshiped with lamen- 
tation by the A/yvrr/o/, ii. 132. A god of the Tstcci, called 
ZocpoK&s or TsZs'heigis, iv. 94. The gods of the UsQaxt, 
i. 131 : — of the AgxQtoi, iii. 8: — of the AjQvsg, iv. 188 : — 
of the ^Av&ccty iv. 59 : — of the Qgn'Un;, v. 7. The kingly 
gods (/Sctat'hy}io{ Seoi) invoked in making oaths by the n^- 
auiy iii. 65; v. 106. Sfot 'E^wvtoi invoked in oaths by the 
E>iA>j^£?, v. 92. fix<ri\Y}'ixi lancet invoked by the IkvOxi, 
iv. 68. The gods reigned in Aiyvmog before men, ii. 144. 
All gods belonging to other countries driven out with 
spears by the Kxwiot from their territory, i. 1 72. 

Qsotpxvioi, — their festival among the As?^oi, i. 51. 

Qs^etfcQa<: y a town of MccKsloi/ir, in the peninsula of TIx^Xyivyi, 
vii. 123. 

OegetTTvvi, a town of Axkuviky), south of H.77clot/\, vi. 61. 

QsguKovTsc (servants, slaves), strangled at funerals, iv. 72. 

0£^)7, a town of Mvyloi/in in Mxk^ouiyi, at the north-eastern 
extremity of the Qt^otiog ko^tto;, vii. 12i, 127, 179, 183; 
viii. 127. 

QeQf<,07rv^ut t a celebrated pass between <~>zo<jcthiri and the 
AoK^ot, formed by the sea and the eastern extremity of the 
chain of Mount Oityj ; called Hv'ha.i by the neighbouring 
people, vii. 201. The pass described, vii. 175, 176. The 
battle of 0<w.o7rvKxi, vii. 223—229. 

Osgftuhuv, a river of Kofrwa^C'*/>7, falling into the Uouro; 
Et/f £/j/o<t, ii. 104; iv. 86; ix. 27. 

another, in Boia-iy; — falling southward into the Aoa- 

to;, iv. 110; ix. 43. 

©££<s; (summer), always rainy in the countries north of the 



INDEX. Ixv 

Vlouro; Ev&iuos, iv. 28. Statues of Qigog and Xeipcou at an 
^Egyptian temple oV IKpatarog, ii. 121. 

®:(><tocv<)(>os, the son of HoTivustmns, and the great-grandfather 
of Q^ag, who led out a colony to 0>^)7, which before his 
time was called KesAA/ffrw, iv. 147; vi. 52. 

another, of O^o^st/o?, who related to 'Hqo^otqs a con- 
versation which took place upon the event of the war 
against the Us^aoa, between him and a noble Hegevig whom 
he entertained at supper, ix. 16. 

®e<rpo<po(>tc6, the sacred mysteries of A^qt^, ii. 171.— cele- 
brated at night by the women of EQeaog, vi. 16. 

©fo-Trf/oj, a town of Botany, west of QnQxt and at the foot of 
Mount 'T^hncav, viii. 50. 

Qstmse^, the inhabitants of Qsansta, v. 79 :— at the battle of 
Oe(>fto7rv?>.ci:, where they perish with Asautlng, vii. 202, 222, 
226. Their city burnt by the army of Ssg&g, viii. 50. The 
survivors are at the battle of Hhocvociat, ix. 30. They ad- 
mit Itntwog to the rights of citizenship in pursuance of 
the request of QsptoTOKhsvig. 

QtairQcuTiYiy an extensive tract of country north of Akxqvxviyi 
and the Ay^^aKtu'caiy and west of QsaaxTitvi, viii. 47 ; — 
whence came the (dzoaa'ktoi, vii. 176. A necromantic oracle 
{vsK^ofiuurriiov) there, v. 92. § 7. 

(dioaotkr/i, OsaoxKiartg, i. 57. — a country of Northern 'EaAoj? 
above Botany and <J?axig, and south of MxKs^outn, — de- 
scribed, vii. 128 — 130. Its horses of excellent quality, 
vii. 176. The AAsyos<W, its kings, vii. 6, 130. 

QsaooiTioi, continually at war with the QcoKtsg, vii. 176; viii. 27 
— 29. They are obliged by circumstances to make alliance 
with the Uegaoct, vii. 172 — 174. They conduct SsQ^g'mto 
<£>6iKig, viii. 30 — 34. — in the army of the TL^axt at TLTkoc- 
ratal, ix. 31. They are addressed by A^raQa^og in his 
flight after the battle, ix. 89. ^ 

QeoaoChog accompanied AaQtsvg in his expedition into S/xgA/*?, 
V. 46. 

Geary, a fountain of AtQvy, near Kv^yuy, iv. 159. 

Gsrtg, to whom the Ue^aoct sacrificed after the losses which 
they had sustained by shipwreck at ^vx-tag, vii. 191. 

GyQat ray Atywxrtuv, the chief city of the Gy&xixog vopog 
(for which, see ii. 42, 166), on the east bank of the ~Nst?iog, 
at the distance of 6120 arxha from the sea, ii. 3, 9. The 
whole of Atywxrog was most anciently called Gr&ai, ii. 15. 
A temple and oracle of Zeyj there, i. 182; ii. 42, 54, 56, 
83; iv. 181. 

rau Botarav, in the central part of c Eaa#£, and situ- 
ated on the river lopwog, — where was a temple and oracle 

[El 



lxvi INDEX. 

of A.7roh'hc)v I<r t uY}»ios, and an oracle of Af*<p{x^scjg y i. 52 ; 
viii. 134. 

Q/itcctoty the inhabitants of the last-mentioned place. They 
are at war with the Adnuxtoiy v. 79 — 81. — at enmity with 
the U^XTxiesg, vi. 108. — at Qsoponv^xi, vii. 202. They 
surrender to the Ht^axi, and are branded with the king's 
badge, vii. 233. They join the army of the Uspgxi under 
Mxfiovtog against 'EWa;, ix. 31, 41. They fight bravely 
at Tlkxrxixi, ix. 67. In consequence of their defection 
from the cause of the 'F^wic, the latter besiege their city 
and oblige them to give up the authors of their rebellion, 
who are put to death, ix. 86 — 88. 

®yiQv, one of the daughters of Aawzog, v. 80. 

@)j«-/5j Tcshioy, a place of Aair, in Mvovij, north of Ali(>x{tv r- 
Ttiou and AvTxvdfiog, and called by ' Oft yoag, Qr&ai 'Tto- 
tt'Kxkixi, vii. 42. 

<~)y]x.o&i (sepulchres), of crystal (g| vthov) among the Aifaovsg, 
iii. 24. 

@YH>xg : — See @yh>v. 

®y)(>yi, one of the most southern KvK\xosg vwui, in the Uou- 
Tog A<yxtog,more anciently called Kx**iotyi, and colonized 
by the <boivTx,tg, iv. 147. It owed its name (dypy to a 2x«^- 
Tinng Qngyg who led out a colony thither, iv. 147, 148. The 
Qyi^xioi during a season of scarcity cross to the island of 
TlkxTzx on the coast of A&v/i, and found Kt^toj, iv. 1 50 
— 153, 156. 

0>7^y, the petty king of the AKQxyxvTluoi who in conjunc- 
tion with YO\o)v conquered ' Af4.ihx.xg, vii. 165 — 167. 

®n<rsvg, who carried away 'EKsvyi as far as ACPihvxt, ix. 73. 

Qpov'tT/ig, one of the districts or presidencies of Ac/vttto:, 
ii. 166. 

Qoxg, murdered in the island of Ayptuos, vi. 138. 

OogiKog, a village of Att/kyi, a little north of the promontory 
of lovuiov, iv. 99. 

Ooqvx%, a town of AxKai/ixvj in the IIf> oko vpyiaog, north-east 

Of iTTX^TTfl, i. 69. 

GgxavZovTiOg, the rvt>xvvog of the Mi\mioi y who seeks for and 

obtains peace with A^vxTryg, i. 20 — 22. The intention 

of his counsels to Hsgt xvfyog, v. 92. 
QgxavZriiog, a son of AAfy>?j, ix. 58. 
QpxovKXsr.g, the father of Axftxav, ix. 90. 
Q^xav'hiag, the father of l,Tn<rtKsug, vi. 114. 
Q^riiKin, a country north of the Aiyxio; ttovtoc, east of ~SIvy- 

TicjiYi and MxKilovi/i, and south of the lar^og: — i. 168. 

Q^yi'iky), iv. 99 ; vi. 33. The whole of the country subdued 

by MsyxQx^oc, v. 2. 



. INDEX. lxvii 

The ®%YitKS$ were anciently conquered by 2e<rMT()ig, ii. 103. 
The Tizcci are subdued by Ax^siog t the rest of the O^hsg 
surrender peaceably, iv. 93. Their dress, iv. 74. — a nume- 
rous nation divided into many tribes, v. 3, 6, 9. Their man- 
ners, customs, and religion, v. 6, 7, 8. The &^'ixec serve in 
the war under Hf^|*?c, vii. 185. The Qqwkss about the river 
2^^4)1- steal the sacred car of Ztvg, viii. 115. They attack 
the retreating army of AgT«€os£oc, ix. 89. The Ogyiweg of 
Aaiy, QDvoi, and BiQvvot, vii. 75, are subdued by K^oiaog, 
i. 28. They pay tribute to Ax^siog, iii. 90. Their mode 
of armour and discipline in the army of Hefas, vii. 75, 76. 

<S>(>iccatov Kshov, in the north-west part of Kttihyi, viii. 65 ; 
ix. 7. 

0wjj, a district of 'Etaoj.c, not certainly known, where was a 
temple of 0ww, the daughter of Kytploog, vii. 1 78. 

®vvot, colonists of G^'iky}, in Aovjj, situated a little east of 
the BotT7ro^os Q^rfixtog ; — conquered by K^aioog, i. 28. 

Outsat, a sea-coast town in the south of A^yohig, vi. 76, for 
the possession of which there was a severe contest between 
the Aoutshxi/aovtoi and the A^yg/o/, i. 82. 

Qvaaccysrxiy a people north-east of the BofBfjw near the Iyg- 
**/, iv. 22, 123. 

Oviraogy a town in the peninsula of Mount Adag, vii. 22. 

®aeg, (wild animals found in AiQvy),) supposed to be a species 
of hyenas, iv. 192. 

Qcovig, appointed as a guardian over the lLa.vcAix.av aro^u of 
the NeAof, ii. 114. 

<daqy\Kzg (coats of mail) ;— one of linen belonging to king 
A/uocaig, ii. 182; iii. 47. One of Motaiartog, ix. 22. Those 
of the Atyvmioi adopted by the Ils^aeti, i. 135. 

0agjj£, of AYigiow, ix. 1. 58. 



lalfAuv of Isipog, the master of AiawKog the fabulist (Xoyo- 

tto/oc), ii. 134. 
\*KyflS 6 pvartKog, viii. 65. 

I#^;citf /, a family of prophets at Ilhtg, y. 44 ; ix. 33. 
lotfixvog, — his female slave was the wife of 'Hgos^gw?, and 

the mother of the 'HpAE/k;, i. 7. 
iZetuoihts of Mvhetfftros, the father of 0>u*sto£, v. 37,— and of 

C H««>A£/Syj 3 ', the general of the Kajsj, v. 121. 
iQyiyvi, the extreme western country of Ev^im, discovered 

by the Qaxaueg, i. 163. The I&jgo/ served under ' ApthKu-g 

in 2/xA/w, vii. 165. 
i€k (a bird peculiar to AiyvTrrog, resembling the curlew), 
- [e2] 



lxviii INDEX. 

held sacred by the AiyuKTioi, ii. 65, 75. Its form and va- 
riety, ii. 75, 76. Whoever killed one of them was punished 
capitally by the AiyvrTioi, ii. 65. 

lluu&v^aoi;, the son of ~2otvhtog, a king of the ^kv&oli, iv. 76, 
120. His simple and noble answer to the demand of Aa- 
qsios for either battle or surrender, iv. 127. 

ll/l, a mountain in the yy\ Yhictq, i. 151 ; vii. 42. 

ll^iocg, a district of Kx^iyi in Aoiyi, east of Asvkxi orriKeit, 
where is the source of the river Ma^ro^, v. 118. 

IyiKvgoo;, a city of the Aojpiss^ situated in the island of f Polos, 
i. 144. 

Iyivvgos, a town in the south of Ivgiy UttKcuaTlvy ; a border 
town of 2vqiyi and AqccQiyi, iii. 5. 

Innvysg Msaaocx-ioi, originally Kqyits;, who founded 'T^/jj, 
vii. 170. 

lYi7rvytYi, that part of Italy which is situated at the heel of the 
boot, iii. 138 ; — iv. 99. 

lYtGuv ; — Being cast upon the coast of AiZvy, he dedicates a 
golden tripod to T^irautg, iv. 1 79. In the expedition to 
KoA#/f he sends 'H^sd; to procure water at Atpereti, 
and sails away without him, vii. 193. 

IvTfic&yofiri;, who captured the Hellenic admirals in the arma- 
ment of the UsQo-ctt, v. 37. 

Idu,ft,u.T£vi$ t a IlsgaYis, vii. 67. 

IdxpiTf/is, an admiral of the Persian fleet left with two others 
in Ev(>co7m by £feg£rc, viii. 130. After the battle of Mv- 
kxTiyi he saved himself by flight, ix. 102. 

iTitcec, the country about I>uoj/ (see Tgoin), peopled by the 
Atones;, v. 94, 122; vii. 41. 

A&nuyi : — See AQyivyi. 

Yhiov, a celebrated city of Aar/i, at a little distance from the 
coast of the Aiyaiog kovtos, very near the western extre- 
mity of the ' EAA>jffxoi/ro$-, in the neighbourhood of which 
was a bay, ii. 10. The siege and storming of Vkiov, i. 5; 
ii. 118. 

Ykiaoog, a small river of Attikyi, which had its source in 
Mount 'Y^sttoc, and passing by the south-east side of 
Adyvcci fell into the sea very near the harbour of <$><x.7\yh>ov, 
vii. 189. 

Imvqioi, El/fro/, a people extending north-west from Metxe- 
houtYi and Q^n'iK/i to the extreme northern point of the sea 
Algivs, i- 196. The river Ayy^og flows northward from 
their country into the ttsB/oj/ To£oih\iKoy, iv. 49. The 
oracle with regard to them uttered by Botxig, ix. 43. 

' IftigYi, a town on the northern coast of ^iksKiyi, vi. 24 ; 
vii. 165. 



INDEX. Ixix 

Iv&kyi, a large tract of country at the eastern extremity of 
Atw, not much known, but supposed to be desert and 
sandy, — and containing a large quantity of gold, and cot- 
ton trees, iii. 98, 106 ; iv. 40. 

Ir/So/, the largest nation of the known world, iii. 94 ; v. 8. 
— divided into many people, who speak various languages, 
iii. 98. Their ships made of bamboo, and their clothing 
of rush matting (ioQyg (pAoi^w), ibid. They hold their sexual 
intercourse in public, and the semen of the males is black, 
iii. 101. In their country the morning sun is the hottest, 
iii. 104. The Ivlot Y^xXh.xrixi or KxhxvTtx: (iii. 97) eat 
their parents, iii. 38. The Hxhxtoi (vopxlss) feed on raw 
flesh, and slay their sick in order to eat them, iii. 99. The 
rest of the Ivlot uo/*xfc$ live entirely upon vegetable pro- 
duce, iii. 100. The northern Ii/lot procure gold dust from 
the ants in the desert, iii. 102-*-l 05.— subdued by AxQtiog, 
iv. 44; but not all of them, iii. 101. The heavy taxes 
which were imposed upon them, iii. 98. Their armour in 
the expedition of Bsq^yis, vii. 65. Dogs peculiar to their 
country, i. 192; vii. 187, — and horses, iii. 106. 

Ivhos, a large river of Iu&xyi, having its source in the range 
of Mount K«*y*«<roc, and running south and south-east- 
ward into the E(>v0qy) SxKuggyi, iv. 44. Its mouths ex- 
plored by Axqsioc, ibid. 

lvroiCpi^Yis, one of the conspirators against the Mxyog, iii. 70, 
78. Entering the palace of Axgstos he cuts off the servants' 
ears and noses ; but he is afterwards taken, charged with 
rebellion, and executed, together with all his family, 
iii. 118,119. 

Ivvkov, a town of 2/xeA/w, of uncertain position, vi. 23, 24. 

Ivan, the wife of A4^ecc, vii. 197. 

loviog xoTiKog, or irz'hot.yos, a gulf or sea which washes the 
west and south-western shores of 'E?aa^, and extending 
northward at least as far as Esr/Be^z/oc, vi. 127. 

Wvoi (ovens or furnaces) (called by 'ZtqxQcm ' Ikuovs -ovvto$), 
a place in Mount Un^tou, vii. 188. 

' 1k7tx(>xqs, the son of Una ict ^xrog and the brother of Ik- 
"7TIY1C, v. 55. He expels Ovo^xK^nog from Afayxi for cor- 
rupting the oracles of Movaxiog, vii. 6. His dream, y. 56. 
— put to death by ' A^oltog and AyaroyeiTau, v. 55 ; vi. 1 23. 

'Iweegg a superior order of the 'S.^x^rmrxi :— (.^rgotQav in- 
forms us that they did not use horses), viii. 1 24. 

'Ivicins, the son of rUwwrgaTo?, i. 61. The Axnthxtpovioi 
are desirous of restoring him to A6w«t ; but they do not 
succeed, v. 91—93. He implores the aid of the Tl^oxi 
against the Afavxioi, v. 96. His dream, and the omen 



lxx INDEX. 

deduced from it, and from the coughing out of a tooth, 
vi. 107. 

' It^qQotoci (horse-graziers): — opulent men were so called 
among the Xu^xthec, v. 77 ; vi. 100. 

'Twoi (horses) living upon fish in Tlxiovr/i, v. 16. They eat 
serpents at "2*$is, i. 78. Sacred white horses in the army 
of Kvgog, i. 189. in the army of Sep^/ig, vii. 55. ixKot ai 
KOTciptQi (river-horses) held sacred among the Aiyvvrrtot ; 
—their nature, &c. ii. 71. Wild horses of a white colour at 
the source of the ' Yz-a*/c in Zxtf&u}, iv. 52. Horses sacri- 
ficed by the IkvQui, iv. 61, — and by the Mxaaxysrxt to the 
sun, i. 216. Fifty strangled by the "2zv$m on the tombs of 
their kings, iv. 72. Horses have an aversion to camels, and 
therefore cannot be used in battle against them, i. 80 ; 
vii. 8 7. They bear the severity of the climate in IkvSik^ 
much better than asses and mules, iv. 28. The king's horses 
and mares in BxQv'hojvr/i, i. 192. The excellence of the 
horses in &so<tx7uyi, vii. 196. The 'EM^usg learnt the art of 
yoking four horses abreast from the A/£y=c, iv. 189.— taught 
by the Ivgxxi to crouch down upon their bellies whilst 
hunting, iv. 22. Shaggy draught ponies among the liyvv- 
uxt, v. 9. The horses of lyliKy, iii. 106. — of M«3/%>?, called 
^Swxtoi, iii. 106; vii. 40. horses' manes used for crests by 
the Alcoves of Aar/i, vii. 70. The neighing of the horse 
of Axeuog procured him the kingdom of Uspvikyi, iii. 85 
— 88. The horse of Ap-vZiog taught to stand upright on his 
hind feet against an oTr'/Jrr,;, v. 111. 

o/ Tor&fiioi ; — described, ii. 71. 

' iTiroxhethvis, the son of Ttaxvopog, one of the suitors of Ayx- 
gtaTYi, vi. 127. His ancestors were relations of Kwfyskog, 
of Ko%iv6oc, vi. 128. The cause of his failure in the suit, 
vi. 129, 130. 

' iTTroK'Xos of Axft\pXKog, iv. 138. 

'Yvkokqw, the father of 2xa;o;, v. 60. 

' l7T7rox.(>siTri;, the father of Tiuaiarpxrog the rvpxvvo; of AQn- 
vxi/i. 59; V. 65. 

another, the son o£ ItsymxXais, vi. 131. 

another, the son of *2. t u,ivbvpig, vi. 127. 

' IirvoHfiotTYic, the rvpxvuog of T&y], and the brother of KAs- 
xvopog, vi. 23; vii. 154. Being provoked by the Zay- 
xhxiot, he betrays them to the 2a^/o/, vi. 23. Kapxplvx 
is given up to him by the Ivrrwvoioi, vii. 154. He is 
killed at 'TQkyi in the war against the 2/xsXo/, vii. 155. 

' l7T7rox,(>ctTiliyi;, the son of A-vTV/ctoric, viii. 131. 

' l-rvrohm xkqyi, a tongue of land formed by the near approach 
of the rivers Ynxvig and Bopvohvyg, iv. 53. 



INDEX. lxxi 

ItttoKoXoc, the father of Txu.v)cog t i. 147. 

' ' l*vof*et%oc, the prophet of the 'Ehhwee who were in the 
army ofMu$o»io$ t ix. 38. 

' ' l7rirouixo$, the father of KctAA^c, vii. 151. 

another, the son of KaKXcns, vi. 121. 

c Iwos, h (a mare) ; one which produced a hare, vii. 57. Those 
mares of AQnvott that had gained three victories in the 
games at OAi/^x/jj were buried outside the city beyond 
what was called the K0/A17 olog, vi. 103. 

Iqou oloi, iv. 52. See Egcc/vx-xto;. 

Igocox, the name of a district in A&vyi, a little south of Kv- 
qy\vn, iv. 158. 

I^ssg (priests) among the Aiyvvnot, ii. 37, and following 
chapters. 

Igeusg, the young men (ftpvQoi) of the Axzslcuf&ovioi, ix. 85. 

Igwf; (a hawk), one of those animals which are held sacred 
among the Atywrioi, ii. 65. Whoever killed any of them 
was capitally punished, ibid. These birds were buried in 
the city Bovra, ii. 67. Seven pair of i^Ksg appeared as 
an omen to the seven nobles of Persia, iii. 76. 

Igou (a temple) of Af&tptocgeas at ©yj€ot;, viii. 1 34. — of AfauoaYi, 
viii. 39. — of AQyivyi at Ix'ig in Atyvirrog, ii. 175. — of A#jj- 
vcciv} TlxXhriVig at Mcn^oc&o)v i i. 62. — of AnoT^hau Tgtoniog in 
Aaivi, held in common by the Ao^tssg, i. 144.— of Agrefug 
called BovGccortg, ii. 137. — of A0go3rnj Hf/^ in the temple of 
n^rfvj at Mepipig, «• 112. — of Acp^oBfrj? Ov^ocvivi at Aax,ot- 
~hav y whence were derived those at Kvzr^og and Kj/^«, 
i. 105. — of AYift,viTYi(> in the country of the RoqvoQsvhtoci, 
iv. 53. — of the Egivveg of Aeii'og, and Oihirovg at 2w«^r»5, 
iv. 149. — of Zivg at A«<Ww, ii. 56: — of Zsvg B^Ao? at Boc- 
CvKav, with a winding tower, i. 181. — of Zzvg ©r&utog in 
Aiyvvrrog, i. 182; ii. 56. — of Z?V£ Kesg/oj, common to the 
Mi><70/ and Ay<W, i. 171: — of Zsvg 0^.vy.7rtog at Uiex, ii. 7. 
— of 'H^eiKTwig at Tygo^, whence was derived that at Quooc, 
ii. 44. — of 'HQo&iffTog, destroyed by lightning, ii. 1 10 ; iv. 79. 
— ' Htpcuffretov in AtyvKTog, distinguished by its beautiful 
Tr^ow'hottoi, ii. 176. — of KvQyjQyi at 2#gd/s, v. 102. — TLocvia- 
viou, i. 143. — of Tl^arsaihsag, vii. 33. — of n^rgy? at Mip- 
(pig, ii. 112. — of ^v'hix.mg and Ayroj/oo? at AfrCpoi, viii. 39. 
The Aw^ggc were not allowed to enter the temples in the 
citadel of AQwat, v. 72. Wooden temples in the city Ts- 
Kcovog in LkvOikyi, iv. 108. No temples built by the Tleoaxi, 
i. 131 ; nor by the 2w0«/, except of Agu<r, iv. 59. 

If, a town and river of Btx&v\wviv\ at eight days' journey dis- 
tance from BaQvhav (supposed by Rennel to be very near 



lxxii INDEX. 

the modern town Hit, which is about 128 miles above ftct- 
€v*av) t i. 179. 

lactyogYi;, the son of Ttacii/ogog, of good family, v. 66. He 
calls in the aid of Kbeopsuyg the king of 27ragT>j, and ex- 
pels the K^.K^cciavihoct from AQyivai ; but is afterwards ex- 
pelled himself, v. 69 — 73. 

laQfto; Kuiotog in Aa^ig, on the south-west coast of the Uourog 
Aiyctiog, i. 174. The IaQ t uog of the XsQtrovwog of 0£>ji>s>j 
walled across by MihTtcioyg, vi. 36. The loQpog of Kogivdog 
walled across by the Auxstottpovtot, ix. 10. comp. viii. 40. 

I<7/?, a goddess of the Aiyvz-rioi, synonymous with the Ar t - 
fWTiqf} of the 'EhhYivtg, ii. 59, 156. A statue representing 
her as a woman with the horns of an ox, ii. 41. She com- 
mits Xlgo.c and BovQucrrtg to the care of A>jr&>, ii. 156. A 
large temple dedicated to her, and festivals celebrated in 
her honour at BovoT^ig, ii. 59 — 61. Cows sacred to her, 
and fasts kept in honour of her by the AtyvnriQt, ii. 40, 
41 ; — also by the Ai%vsg voficcfeg, iv. 186. 

I<rp,ct(>:g t a lake in Q^i'kyi, between 2rgy^>j and Mxgcovstx, 
vii. 109. 

la-fCYjutog AvoXhaUy i. 52; v. 59; viii. 134. See A^oT^au. 

laovihovsg, a people of northern Aaw, north of the Agct&g (or 
Oio? of 2T£ce&yy) and the Muaacty erect , and east of the Ag- 
yfTTKotioi, i. 201 ; iv. 25. Their manners and customs, 
iv. 25, 26. Their tradition concerning the most distant 
inhabitants of the earth, iv. 13. 

'lancety, the principal town of ' loriciiGtTig, a district at the 
northern extremity of Ev£o/>?, viii. 23, where also are men- 
tioned ' lanotiYirig tj y»j, and the citizen of the above town, 
' IdTtuiiv;. 

' lartcctarig q yy, vii. 175. 

' loTicttuTig, a district of <di<jctthiv\> comprehending the country 
for some distance round Mounts Ova* and Ov^vfcnrog, i. 56. 

'loriciiog of MftYirog, the son of Avactyo(>Y)g, iv. 138 j v. 30. — 
a man of ingenuity and cunning, v. 28. He prevented the 
destruction of the bridges over the I<tt(>oc, iv. 137; — by 
which act he ingratiated himself with Axgsiog, and re- 
ceived from him Mv^Ktvog in Hlautg, v. 11. He surrounds 
it with a wall. MsyaZagog reports his proceedings to Aec- 
(>£iog, and he is in consequence honourably invited to 2«^- 
hg, and from thence summoned to 2ovact to aid the coun- 
sels of the king, v. 23, 24. He privately dispatches a 
messenger to A^iarocyo^yig, the governor of Mftyirog, to in- 
duce him to revolt, v. 30, 35. He is blamed on account 
of the defection of the luvsg, but nevertheless is sent to 



INDEX. lxxiii 

allay the tumult, v. 105—107. When at letplts he was 
suspected of treason by Apt»<Pspvvis, and fled to the sea in 
the night, in order to return to Ma^to?. He was thrown 
into prison by the Xiot, but was afterwards liberated and 
sent to Micros; but not being favourably received there, 
he went to MitvMw and induced the Aso£to< to give him 
some ships ; with which he sailed for Bv^aurtov, vi. 1 — 5. 
He becomes a pirate, — and subdues the Xioi, vi. 26, 27. 
He meets with the Hepaoci on the continent, by whom he 
is conquered and taken prisoner, and delivered over to 
Agrec<pg£inis t who crucifies him without the consent of &.<&- 
Puog y vi. 28—30. 

'lancctos the son of Tv/avm, the tvpcivvos of TiPfce^og, made 
captive during the revolt of the lanes, but afterwards re- 
leased and dismissed uninjured by the citizens, v. 37, 38. 
He had a command in the army of Hsp^vis, vii. 98. 

the son of <I>yA#xo<r, viii. 85. 

r I<Tr/j7, a goddess called Tcs€;t/ by the W*/, iv. 59. 

the queen of the ^Kv&xt, iv. 127. 

laroiYit a colony of the Mfowtoi, at the mouth of the Ivtpos, 
ii. 33. 

IvrgiYivYi, the mother of 2kv7lyis, a king of the 2*i/0«/, iv. 78. 

larpog, a large and rapid river of l>xvdiKn, having its source 
in the country of the KAro;, at the city Uvpyivyi, traversing 
the whole of Ei/gfflw«, receiving many streams in its course, 
and emptying itself by five mouths into the Hovroc Ev%st- 
vo$, ii. 33, 34 j iv. 47-t50.— compared with the Nsfaos, 
ii. 34. 

laxevoog, the father of ILv6eins, vii. 181 ; viii. 92. 

ItolKiy), a term used by ' Hgdhorog to designate the southern 
and eastern side of Italy, not extending northward further 
than lYiKvyiYi, i. 24. and elsewhere. Irefhtarut, iv. 15. 

Itcwos, a town on the east coast of K^jjtjj, iv. 151. 

Ivpxo.1, a high northern people of HkvOikvi, east of the Gva- 
aocyeTMt ; — their mode of hunting, iv. 22. 

Kptytvueh the daughter of Ayetftepiiav, worshiped by the 
Txvpot, iv. 103. 

ItpDtkog, the father o£ Hftar&rfaeas, ix. 116. 

I#0i/s<: (fish) found in shoals in the lakes of Atyvvrroc, ii. 93. 
The priests of the AiywTioi are not allowed to eat fish, 
ii. 37. The Agor/Baro? (Cyprinus bynni) and the eel held 
sacred among the Atyvwioi, ii. 72. <7rc&'7r(>otx,ss and rihaviq 
given as food to horses by the TLxioves, v. 16. 

la the daughter of Iy«;go.c, abduced by the QoiuTxes, i. 1. — 
dishonoured by the captain of the vessel in which she em- 



lxxiv INDEX. 

barked i. 5. The mode in which the 'Eaawe; representee/ 
her, ii. 41. 

lakKoq, a town of Mctyvwivi in Otaatzkir,, north-east of IIso 
yow&i, presented to 'iKTrixg by the Qicacihioi, v. 94. 

lav, the son of HovQog, from whom the Icovsg derived their 
name, vii. 94 ; viii. 44. 

lai/tn, a district of Aain of small extent, on the east coast of 
the Hoi/Tog Aiyntog, north of Aagtg, and south of Aiohtg> fa- 
voured with a very excellent climate, i. 142. The nation of 
lavig were originally Hi^ecayoi. and derived their name from 
luv, the son of Bovdog, i. 56 ; vii. 94 ; viii. 44. They for- 
merly occupied Axat'iyi in the UeXo'7rouiiYiaQ<:, i. 145, and pre- 
vious to the coming of Auvxog and Sov&og were called JJs- 
"Kecayoi Aiyiu^.s-g t \'n. 94. The AQni/xioi, being Tlthccoyoi, 
were called lautg, which appellation however they disliked, 
viii. 44; i. 143. The lausg of Aatn, on the contrary, prided 
themselves upon the name, and were accustomed to cele- 
brate a festival which they called Tlaviavioy, i. 143, 148. 
The lavsg from Ad/jvxt celebrate the Attxtov^ix, i. 147. 
comp. vii. 95. The lowsg have three variations or dialects 
(rgoTrovg) of their language, i. 142. Iav/Kot y^xyywrx, 
v. 59. The erroneous notions of the lasts concerning Ai- 
yvirrog, ii. 16. The habitations, called ^t^octotts^oc, of the 
\ovjig at the ~n.Yj\ovGiGu gto{/,x of the N«;Aoc, ii. 154. The 
laves first subdued by KQonrog, i. 6, 28.— whose dominion, 
however, they endeavoured to avoid by the advice of Bioig ; 
according to others, of IIit-xxcs, i. 27. They are in vain 
solicited by Kvoog to revolt from Kooiaog, i. 76. At the 
destruction of the kingdom of the Avdo/, they send ambas- 
sadors to KOpqz, who answers them in a parable, and re- 
fuses their offers of friendship. The Icoysg in consequence 
fortify their towns, and send to '2^otor-/i for aid, i. 141, — 
which however is denied them, i. 152. ' Ao7rayog takes all 
the continental towns of lvvr/i, and the nation surrenders 
to KiJoo;, after having despised the judicious counsels of 
Biag and ®cc>/ig, i. 163, 169, 170. They pay tribute to Aa- 
(>siog, iii. 90; vi. 42. They are stationed to guard the bridge 
over the \v?oog y iv. 98. Their communications with the Lkv- 
dut relative to the destruction of the bridge, iv. 133 — 142. 
The calamities of the lavsg originating from N«£»$ and Mv- 
T^Yirog, v. 28 —38. A^ujTuyopYig, by the secret advice of ' lan- 
cttocy but contrary to that of 'Ex,x7ot:og, decides upon the de- 
fection of the Ico'jzg from the Tl^axi, v. 3 5—38. The I<yi>£? 
and the Afavxiot take and burn 'Sxolt:, v. 100, 101. They 
arc conquered by the Hi^cti in a battle at EQsvo; ; but still 



INDEX. Ixxv 

persevere in the war, v. 102, and following chapters. At 
KvTrqos the laves are victorious at sea, the TLe^aui on land, 
v. 108 — 115. The Kci(jsg join them in their rebellion, 
v. 117— -119. The fleet of the laves at Aoth near Mi- 
^yitoc, vi. 7, 8. Their military exercises under Aiovvtrtos, 
vi. 11, 12. They are deserted by the 'So&ptot, and sustain 
great losses, vi. 14, 15. The laves reduced a third time 
to subjection, vi. 31, 32. They are obliged by AgrotQegirYis 
to make mutual agreements among themselves to pay their 
fines and tribute, vi. 42. Mufiovtog, in his passage through 
Icjvtri, abolishes the rvguvvihg, and institutes democracies 
in their towns, vi. 43. Their ships in the army of Se$ns> 
vii. 94, 95. These laves in the army of the TLe^axi are so- 
licited by QepiGToxhevis to revolt, viii. 22. They are ac- 
cused of desertion at the battle of ^efoufAlg, but are de- 
fended by A^icc^v/ig a Tle^ng, viii. 90. They solicit the 
'EhXyveg at Avfhog to liberate \avin, viii. 132; ix. 90—92. 
Their conduct at and after the battle of MvxdcKyi, ix. 98 — 
106. Their revolt from the Hepacii, ix. 104. The debate 
of the 'EhTiyves respecting the preservation of the liberty 
of lavty and the reception of the islanders laves hi to the 
common state confederacy, ix. 106. 

K. 

Koc&cihes, an inconsiderable people of A//3i/jj, situated a little 
to the south-west of Kv^yvn, iv. 171. 

Koc&oiKiot, a people of Acrtvi, east of K«^w, iii. 90. 

KuQetgot, — their mysteries, ii. 51. Their temple profaned by 
KetfcQvuYis, iii. 37. 

KetZfas's ol Myioveg, who with the Auaoviot fought in the army 
of Se^ris; — their armour and general, vii. 77. 

Koitipios, the son o£ Ayvjvag and the father of Sg^g^j?, ii. 145; 
v. 58, 59. He touched at Qyiqyi on his voyage from <3>o<- 
vTkyi, and settled in Boianvi, ii. 49; iv. 147. 

another, of Kag, the son of ^xvfag, a most upright man, 

vii. 163, 164. 

Kefifteiot, the followers of Kotbftos and their descendants, — 
who expelled the Ue^tnayoi from lanxtans, but were af- 
terwards expelled from Botany by the A^yeiot, i. 56, v. 57, 
61. The A&nuoctoi lead an army against them, ix. 27. 

KcthftYii'cc ygxft/xoLToiy V. 59. 

Ketlvns, a large city in the south of 2v§/>j HcxXocianvy (sup- 
posed by Prideaux and D'Anville to be the city of Jerusa- 
lem), not less than Sxfdtg,— besieged by Ne***?, ii. 159; 
iii. 5. 

Kctetfiu to$ng, v. 88. 



Ixxvi INDEX. 

Kecsi^cHy — their determination against their husbands, i. 146. 

Ka'tKog, a river of Mvaw, north of the "E^fcoc, and flowing into 
the ilourog Aiyxiog, a little north of Kvpyi, vii. 42. KctUou 
tts^iouj the open country on either side of the above river, 
vi. 28. 

KcMVilyg Hsticou, v. 92. § 2. 

Kahoifiot, a place in ^ay.og, not distinctly known, but pro- 
bably on the south-west side of the island, ix. 96. 

KcthctuTiMi, a nation in the north of Iuoix.ri, of uncertain po- 
sition, iii. 97. — at iii. 38. they are called Kothccneti. 

KofcoKTiQus, a warrior caste of the AiyvnTioi, exclusively de- 
voted to a military life ; their pay and privileges, and mode 
of armour, ii. 164 — 168; vii. 89; ix. 32. They were di- 
vided into uopot, ii. 166. 

Ku^uatQis, the name of a garment clothing the limbs, ii. 81. 

KahccTicct: — See 'Ka.>.cturtoci. 

Kcikn ctKTvi (Fair shore), a tract of land in the northern part 
of ^ikz^iyi, opposite Tufioyvr/}, vi. 22, 23. 

KoiKkoi.TY&os, a city of Avhy), on the frontiers of QQwyty, vii. 31 . 

KctTShicchris, an a^<wj/ of A^y«/, viii. 51. 

KuXhiyg of HTitg, a prophet of the family of the Icc/xioxi, 
V. 44, 45. 

the son of Qcttvnt'Tzog, and the father of 'Ittpw'xo;, 

who bought the goods of Ustaiar^ocTog when he was ex- 
pelled from AGnucu. He gave his daughters leave to choose 
husbands for themselves, vi. 121, 122. 

another, the son of ' iKKoviKog, an ambassador of the 

A$vDcciot, vii. 151. 

KotKhiK^eirngi — his valour, and his dying words, ix. 72. His 
tomb at Ilhxrotixi among those of the Aciy.sdctifioiitoi, 
ix. 85. 

KotKhipctxoz °f AQthiictiy a votef&UQM;, vi. 109. — his valour 
and his death, vi. 114. 

KcthTiiKtloti, a nation of 'SxvOcct, the same as the Ikv^ai 'E*- 
Xyves, iv. 1 7. 

KoLKhiKoKlroii, the inhabitants of Ku^iTrol.tg on the eastern 
side of 2/«£?i/>3, vii. 154. 

KaATuanj, afterwards called ©>j^>7, which see; iv. 147. 

Kuhvlvioi, the inhabitants of an island in the Uourog Aiycciog, 
near the coast of K&qiyi, vii. 99. 

KxXvvfcsg, the inhabitants of KxKvvlr,, a sea-coast town of 
Aatvi on the confines of Avhim and Kuotrj; — their vessel 
sunk by A^rsfAtar/i at JLothuplg, viii. 87. 

Kx"hvu^tx.oc rec ovgot — in Kxqiyi, i. 172. 

KaX^*?, vii. 91. 

KaAp^o:>/»!, a town of Ajiyi upon the Booxogos ©£»ji'x/oc, nearly 
opposite RvCa-jTiov, iv. 85. 



INDEX. lxxvii 

KaAp^JW/o/ said to be blind by Meyet&ugo$ ; why? iv. 144.— 
captured by Otkdyi;, v. 26. Some of them crossed the 
Boff;ro£0£, vi. 33. They were a more ancient people than 
the Bv^xvrtoi, iv. 144. 

Kecpct%Ivx, a town in the south of 2*xs?wjj, belonging formerly 
to the SvQYixQvatot, but surrendered by them to ' WTroK^ocrng 
the rv^ocuuosof Tikn, vii. 154. — destroyed by Tthau, vii. 156. 

KafdZvowt the father of KD^og, a n?£<r>?<r, who married Mccu- 
Zccvyi the daughter of Aarvayyi;, i. 46, 107, 112,207; vii. 11. 

Kc&fAQvoYis, a king of the Higaca, the son of Kt/£o<c and Koto- 
axvl&vYi, of the family of the Axtzifteutixt, ii. 1 j iii. 2. The 
AtyvKTioi claim him as related to their kings, iii. 2. He 
accompanies his father on his expedition against the Mxa- 
accysroti, and is sent back with Kgoicrog into Usqcixyi, i. 208. 
Kx^Oavis at his father's death succeeded to the throne, 
and undertook the expedition into Atywros t h. 1 ; iii. 1 — 
4. He makes a treaty with the king of the A^cx&iot, and 
obtains a safe passage through their country, iii. 7—9. He 
asks for a naval force from TLo^vxqoctyis, iii. 44. He con- 
quers YccpftYivirog in a severe battle at Hvihovoiov, iii. 10, 
11. He besieges Msptpts, which surrenders, and all Ai- 
yv7TTog submits to his power, iii. 13. The A&veg, Kvqvi- 
i/o&iot and BocgKotm, surrender of their own accord, ibid. 
He treats his prisoner YetfaunviTo; with humanity at first, 
but afterwards orders him to drink bullock's blood, iii. 3 4, 
15. He insults the dead body of A^aaic at 2o«y, iii. 16. 
He determines upon wars against the Kctgxvdouiot, the A^- 
ftauiot, and the MotxqoQtoi AiQioneg, iii. 17. He sends the 
IxOvoQctyoi as spies to the A/0/ofl-g?, who send him back an 
^Ethiopic bow, iii. 18 — 23. He leads an army from GySoii 
against the Aidiowsg, but is obliged to return from want of 
provisions for the march, iii. 25. The army which he dis- 
patches against the Appoivtot is overwhelmed with sand, 
iii. 25, 26. On his return to Ms/^cptc; he finds them cele- 
brating the feast of Ants ;— at which he is enraged, and 
slays the governors of the city, and wounds Ants himself, 
iii. 27 — 29. From this time he becomes mad, and he orders 
the death of his brother 2^f£<^, and kills his own sister, 
whom he had married, iii. 30 — 32. He had been epileptic 
from his birth, and his mental faculties were very imper- 
fect, and led him to the commission of many insane ac- 
tions. He cruelly put to death the son of JJ^xaTryis, and 
inflicted tortures upon twelve other Ui^oixt on frivolous 
pretexts. He likewise ordered K^o/cog, on account of his 
candour, to be shot with arrows ; which command, how- 
ever, his servants ventured to disobey, in the hope that he 



lxxviii INDEX. 

might repent of having given it. He did so, and Kqoktgz was 
restored to him ; but he insisted on the death of his dis- 
obedient servants, Hi. 33 — 36. He opened the sepulchres of 
the Ar/wzrTiot, ridiculed their rites, and insulted the images 
of their gods, hi. 37, 38. The insurrection of Ifzsgotg and 
Ilxr i fyifag the Mxyot, who sent heralds to AyZxrxvx rr,c 
2vq{y)s, in order to expel him from the kingdom, iii. 61 — 
63. He prevented forcible measures by an accident which 
caused his death. On his death-bed he implored the TLso- 
cxt not to allow the kingdom to descend to the M/joo/, 
iii. 64, 65. He reigned eight years and five months, iii. 66. 
He was called faavoryic by the Usgaxt ; why? iii. 89. 

Kxpstgog, a city of the Aa^mg in Kx^r/i, i. 144. 

KctfCYi'hot (camels) described; — feared by horses, i. 80; iii. 103; 
vii. 86. The lions of QqyUkyi attack and injure the camels 
in the army of Hso^vig, vii. 124. 

KccpiKoc, a town on the south-western side of 1ix.ihir h inha- 
bited in the time of 'Hooloro; by the Ay,oxyxvrlvot ; — be- 
sieged during five years by the Kgurs?, vii. 169 » 170. 

K«jtt^«, a city of the x a ^ Kqoooxivi, on the Qeg/xxiog xtih- 
nog in Mctxiooviin, vii. 123. 

Kavxar^xtou xkq?,, the extreme promontory of the peninsula 
TiccKhnun in Mxxeloviv), vii. 123. 

Kxi/lxv^g y the son of Mvgaog and -v^xui/og of Ixfitg, called 
Mv^aiKog by the c EX>«ttt£, i. 7. He exhibits his wife naked 
to Tvy/ig, i. 8, 10. He is slain by the united counsels and 
stratagems of his wife and Tvyr,g, i. 11, 12. 

another, the father of AxftxaiOvciog, vii. 98. 

KctuYig ofiog, a mountain situated near the mouth of the river 
Kxixog in Islvain, vii. 42. 

Ku.vua.1tg (hemp) growing wild, and also cultivated in Ikv- 
6iKm, iv. 74. 

KctuaQiKov oropx of the Nf/Ao?, the extreme western mouth 
of that river, ii. 15, 17, 113, 179. 

KxvaZog, a town of Atyv7rrog, on the west side of the Kxta- 
Ztxo'j <tto,ux of the NfAoc, ii. 97. 

KxjrKxloKtY), a country of A<7v>j, extending eastward from the 
'A>iy; to the EvQ^TYig, and northward from the source of 
the 'A?iy,' to the llovrog Ev^sivog; — its fertility, i. 73. The 
KxKTrxlcKxt were called 2v£0/ by the 'EMyi/sg, i. 72; v. 49 ; 
vii. 72. Kgotoog makes war upon them, i. 71, 73. 

Kx() had two brothers, Avoo; and ^Ivoog, i. 171. 

K x $ x p. vhy, a town of Axxavixr,, on the western side of 
Mount TnvyiTo:, viii. 73. 

Kxohrr,, a town on the \oQ t uo; of the Xsgoovwog QoyiKtri, vi. 33 ; 
vii. 5$; ix. 1 15. 



INDEX. lxxix 

Ka^ff, the inhabitants of Retain, formerly Aehsyeg, and sub- 
jected to the power of Mtvog and the K^res : — their three 
inventions, i. 171. — subdued by K^oto-og, i. 28. — afterwards 
by ' AgKocyo;, i. 174. Their defection from, and battles 
with, the Ui^tjociy v. 117 — 120. Their vessels and equip- 
ments in the armament of He^ng, vii. 93. — dwelling in 
Atyvvrog near the TIyiKovoiov qto^oc of the NeAo?, ii. 61, 
152, 154; iii. 11. 

Ke&^uog, the father of Eventustog, vii. 173. 

K«£/>7, a district of Ao-ty, south of Avlty, and south-west of 
$}QvytY), but of no very determined boundary, — containing 
a part of Itwtvi, i. 142. It is taken by the Ils^et/, vi. 25. 

KoegtvYi, a town of Mvaty, north of Araguevg and south-west 
of AI^oi^vttuov, vii. 42. 

KetQtog Zsvg, i. 171 ; V. 66. 

Koi^KtvJrtg, a town very near the mouth of the river °TVce- 
fcvgis, in 'iKvdtHvi, iv. 55, 99. 

Kxgveix, a festival observed by the 'E^nvsg, but particularly 
by the AccKilxifioutot, vii. 206; viii. 72. 

Ken^ccdog, an island of the Ylovrcig Atyoctog, situated between 
' Vohog and K^rw, iii. 45. 

Kec^vtg, a river of I^vqiyi, flowing through the northern dis- 
tricts of the O/x^tKot, and falling into the largos, iv. 49. 

Kx^varog, a city of EvQotvi, at the southern extremity of that 
island, iv. 33 : — besieged by the UsQo-xt, who oblige its in- 
habitants to surrender, vi. 99. They send money in obe- 
dience to the orders of Qsf&taTox'hsYig, viii. 1 1 2. Their 
country is ravaged by the 'EJihYivsg, viii. 121. They wage 
war against the AOnuutot, ix. 105. 

Ketgwliav, a city of AtQv/i, nearly opposite to, and south of, 
~2tKs7\tY}, iii. 19. The Kxq^Iopioi,— originally <!?oiuIxeg, iii. 19, 
— and so called by 'H^oSoroj, ii. 32; iv. 197; vii. 165. Their 
naval warfare with the Qaxcctesg respecting Kv^vog, i. 1 66. 
Ket^vang resolves to make war upon them, but afterwards 
relinquishes his intention, iii. 17, 19. They invade ~2tx$*.iv} 
under the command of A^thKotg, vii. 165, 166. They wor- 
ship the statue of ApthKxg, vii. 167. 

KetoctftQog, the son of AQtoroxgeATYig, delivered up to the A6yi- 
voctot by the Atyivrirut, vi. 73. 

Kctadocvcttri, a town of Muy warty, a little north of the pro- 
montory of ^r/Trtocg in <dzaoaktY\, vii. 1S3, 188. 

Kxatvi, the bark of the Laurus Cassia grows in AqxQtm :-— 
the mode of its growth, and the manner of gathering it, 
iii. 110. 

Kotatou o(>og, a mountain of AguZtYi, very near the lake 2f£- 
Zavig, — which separates Atyvxrog from 2^/^, ii. 6, 159; 
iii. 5. 



lxxx INDEX. 

KxapeuYi, a town of 2*%£?w>7, of uncertain position, vii. 155. 

KoutttxtDqoc;, a city of the x, a Z*i TLkktv'ikyi, on the western 
bank of the river li/log, iii. 102 ; iv. 44. 

KuaniYi SetXotw'/), a separate sea in the interior of Awij, seven 
days' voyage across in length, and eight in breadth, having 
on its west side the lofty range of Mount Kuvx-xaog, and 
on its east the immense plains occupied by the Metaeuys- 
tki, i. 202, 203 ; iv. 40. 

K* ff-jr/o/, a people of central Aov>7, on the south-west shore of 
the KxaTTtri Sc&hc&Gon, and east of the ItOMrxsi^zg, iii. 92. 
Their appearance in the army of Hegffo, vii. 67. Their 
cavalry, vii. 86. 

Kuanm (supposed to be Kua^si^oi by Reiz, Kuatoi by Ren- 
nel), another people placed with the 2axct4 or 2kv0u( 
A t uvf>ytot t in the fifteenth voftog or satrapy, and therefore 
probably contiguous to them, and near the sources of the 
A^oc^ng (or Ofoj of Strabo), iii. 93. Their cavalry, vii. 86. 

KetaauulavYit the wife of Kugog and the mother of Koc^vang, 
ii. ] ; iii. 2. 

KxaaiTeoifcs, islands in the western extremity of JLvgaKV), 
whence the ancients received their tin, iii. 115. 

KctarocTiiY), a fountain beneath the 'Txp-xuYi Ko^vQri of Mount 
Hu(>vvi<iGos, viii. 39. 

Kcc<rT0(>es (beavers), where caught, iv. 109. 

Ka.Tcthov7rct t a place on the N«*oj in AsyvTrrog, a little above 
1L?ie(pct'jTtvY), ii. 17. 

Kecrec^potKTYis, a river of $?(wyiri as large as the ISIcciotul^og, 
and having its sources not far from those of that river, pro- 
bably the same as the Ma^avug, vii. 26. 

Karioi^oi and Tgowsr/sc, descendants of Ag-o^oti'g, and a na- 
tion of iKvOott, iv. 6. 

KetvKuaog, a mountain, or range of mountains, extending be- 
tween the Uo'jtos'Ev%swos and the Kuairtvi SctKouiori, i. 104, 
203, 204; iii. 97; iv. 12. 

KoiVKuusc UvTuot, an ancient people on the southern shore of 
the Uovrog Evkuvog, east of theMccoicevovuoi/i. 147 ; iv. 148. 

Kccvuosy a city of Aco^tg in Kaj»j, taken by ' AgKccyog, i. 176. 
The Kavi/m revolt to the side of the Icovsg, v. 103. Their 
genealogy and customs, i. 1 72. 

Kcc'ioTgiog, a river of Av&yi, falling into the Uovrog Aiyutog 
very near the city of JLQscog, v. 100. 

KuvsTQoQto g, the father of A^iarengy iv. 1 3. 

Kcc<py(>svg, a celebrated promontory at the south-eastern ex- 
tremity of JLvGor/i, viii. 7. 

Ksx(>o\p, a king of the KsxQoxttica or Adyvcuot, iv. 44. 

Kshcciucif, a large city of <3?(>vy/v, where were the sources of 
the Mutocvl^og and the K*toc^p»ktyic } vii. 26. 



INDEX. lxxxi 

Ksheyi;, a comrade of Aagisvs, v. 46. 

KfAroc/, a people inhabiting a country of vast extent in the 

extreme north-west of Ey^7r>7, in which were the sources 

of the IffT^of, ii. 33 ; iv. 49. 
Kfoj, an island of the Uoi/tos Atyctios, very near and directly 

east of Att/kyi, viii. 76. — the native country of "Stfiui/ibyg, 

v. 102. Kstot, viii. 1, 46. Kn'iot, iv. 35; v. 102. — They were 

lausg from Adviuect, viii. 46. Their banqueting-house at 

AyjTiog, iv. 35. 
KsQoifAai (earthern vessels) carried, when full of water, into 

the deserts of 2yg/*7, iii. 6. 
Kf-gMpeixo; KoKxog, a gulf immediately north of the peninsula 

of Kvihog in A^;.c, i. 174. 
Kifteoi (horns) :— their growth in animals said to depend upon 

the temperature of climate, iv. 29. 
KszKouwQo;, a city of Ar/vx-ros, situated at the point where 

the waters of the Neftog divide and form the Aihrot, ii. 15, 

17, 97. 
KegKufist, an island in the Joutog Koh^o;, on the coast cf ©sa- 

ir^artm, colonized by the Kogii/dtoi, iii. 49. — subjected to the 

power of Ue(>tctul(>o<; t iii. 52. 
Ke^Kv^ettot : — they are continually quarrelling with the Koyv- 

hoi, iii. 48, 49. They put to death the son of ILegtavfyog, 

iii. 53. In the war against 3ef>&$ they practised a cunning 

trick to remain neuter, vii. 168. 
l/ii^KUTau zh^eti, the abodes or haunts of robbers who infested 

the neighbourhood of (degftovvheu, vii. 216« 
KetpuKhwiYi, an island on the western coast of 'EKhets, from 

which it is not far distant, and north of the island of Zoc- 

xvudos, — inhabited by the YloChug, ix. 28. 
KyQsvs, the father of AifigoftsZin, vii. 61, 150. 

another, the son of BjjAof, vii. 6J. 

KyiQyiusc:; — the Us^o-xt anciently so called by the 'EAAwf;, 

vii. 61. 
KyjCpto-og, the father of Qv:yi, vii. 178. 
KnQicrcros, a large river of 3?uxi$ falling into the At pun Ko- 

otm?, viii. 33. 
KiO*i£6i», a mountain of Botany in the territory of ©>?£«*, 

ix. 19, 25. — ix£>*kut eti Ktdott^avtloct t ix. 39. comp. vii. 141. 
Kiki, an ointment of the Atywrtot, ii. 94. 
Kikovss, a people on the coast of 0gw&)7, situated opposite 

the island of 2«ieo0gni«q t vii. 59, 108, 110. 
¥Lfr.ix.i$, the inhabitants of KiIikiyi, a district south of the 

range of Mount T*ygo<r, — more anciently called ' Yvrc&xetiot, 

i. 28, 72 ; v. 49, 52 ; vii. 91. Their mode of armour, vii. 91. 

Their annual tribute to Aoc^stog of 360 horses, iii. 90. Their 

ships, nig Kftto-vKt, viii. 14. 

[»1 



lxxxii INDEX. 

K/A/jc/>7, a mountainous country of Aetv), south of <&f>vyrn 
and Mount Tocv^og, and separated from A^uevty by the 
river Ev(p^rvg, ii. 17, 34; v. 52; ix. 107. Cavalry ap- 
pointed to guard this country, iii. 90. 

Ktfuf, the son of Aywag, from whom the Kthixeg were called, 
vii. 91. 

KiKhoe-t a city of Aiohig in Aovyj, north-west of Alg&pvTTeiou, 
i. 149. 

KifCf^e^ioc Tlofi&fAYi'ioi, a small town of the ~KsQaovYi<xog T^j^gyj, 
very near the outlet of the TufAity Mccwrtg, iv. 12, 45. 

Kt/aftegix reixeci, iv. 12. 

Kift/usQtYi, that part of 1x.v6ix.yi which is in the neighbourhood 
of T<av£/f, iv. 12. 

Ktf&psQioi, the inhabitants of the above country, expelled from 
their settlements by the 1x,vQa,t t iv. 1, 11, 12. They under- 
take an expedition against lavtYi, and take 2^^/c, i. 6, 15, 
— but are afterwards driven out of Aain by AAvotTTjjf, 
i. 16. 

Kiftftsgiog BoaTTOQOg, iv. 12, 28, 100. See BoaTro^og. 

Kipav, the father of Mfartetlvig, vi. 34, 39, — and of 2nj<r*- 
yo^>?f, vi. 38, 103. He was three times victor at the games 
of OKvf&Kiri, and was slain by the sons of Yletmar^ccrog, 
vi. 103. 

the son of MAT/aB>jj, vii. 107. He pays his father's 

fine, vi. 136. 

Ktusns of Kowoj/, a king of Qsaeret^ivi, v. 63. 

KiyvetftufAM (cinnamon, the bark of the Laurus cinnamomura), 
how gathered in AquGw, iii. 111. 

Ktvw]/, a small river of A&vyi which traverses the country of 
the MetKts, iv. 175; v. 42. 

a fertile country of A&vr h which gave its name to the 

above river, iv. 198. 

Kiog, a sea-coast town in the north-east of Mw/«, on the 
shore of the IlgoflrovT/ff, v. 122. 

K/oj, a various reading in some editions for Zjuo;, which see ; 
iv. 49. 

Ktaotett nv'kut, one of the city gates in Bcx.Zv'hav,m. 155, 158. 

KiootY) xo)%yi, a district of central A«r/»j, south of BxZv'htovin 
and Myi&kyi, v. 49, 52 ; vi. 119. 

Ktaatot in the army of Be^c, vii. 62. Their cavalry, vii. 86. 
The amount of their tribute to Ax^iog, iii. 91. The Kta- 
aiai and the M»3o/ were repulsed at Qs^ucz-vTicti, vii. 210. 

K'Koc^ofAsuotiy a city of Iuviyi in Aoiy, a little west of Ipv^vvi, 
i. 142; ii. 178. It is besieged by A^vxttyic, who, however, 
is repulsed, i. 16. It is taken by A^retOe^umg and Oroivng, 
v. 1 23. The treasure-house of the K^ct^o/xiutoi in the temple 
of the As*(pot, i. 51. 



INDEX. lxxxiii 

Rhtxhng, the son of AvTohxoc;, of Hhxrxtxi, who dug up the 
empty mounds of the AiyXunrxi at UKxrxtxt, ix. 85. 

KXexv^Qog, a prophet, <&tyx7\.svg by family, from Agxalivi, vi. 83. 

another, the son of 'WvoK^wmg, vii. 155. 

the son of TLxuTx^g, rv^xuvog of Tehy, vii. 1 54. 

KTiSurfevYig, a rugxuvog of 2**v<y;/, vi. 1 26. His hatred of A- 
^arog, v. 67. The account respecting him and his daughter 
Ay#£«rr>7, with her suit, vi. 126 — 131. 

an AOnvxtog of the family of the ATixpxtaudxi, the 

grandson of KhstafauYig oi^ixvav, who headed an opposite 
faction to Icxyooyig, and out of four made ten tribes (<pv- 
Koti) at Afavxi, v. 66 y 69. comp. vi. 131. He is expelled 
from A&y\vxi by \axyoong and KAjo^gj/j^, v. 70, 71 j— but is 
presently recalled, v. 73. 

Ktoo€/c and Birai/, — their history, and the nature and cause 
of their happiness, i. 3 1 . 

K7ifoSoc;o?, the son of 'TA7io.c, vi. 52; vii. 204; viii. 131. 

KteofaQgoTog and Azuv^yi^ twin sons of Aux^xi/fytliyig, v. 41 ; 
viii. 71. KTisofiQ^orog was the father of TLxvaxvmg, iv. 81. 
He was general of the Axxtlxipovioi at the I.74ko;, viii. 71. 

KXeo/aevYis, the son of Aux^xul^tlng by a second wife, who, al- 
though scarcely of sane mind, succeeded to the kingdom of 
the Aocxsloci^covioi as the eldest son of his father, v. 41, 42. 
comp. v. 39. He is found incorruptible by Mxixuhqog of 2#- 
pog, and he prevents the rest likewise from being bribed by 
him, iii. 148. Indignant at the contrivances of the A*x- 
fAoctaittlxt in bribing the Uvdivi, he expels the Hei^iarQx- 
ribxi from Adwxt, v. 63, 64, — and afterwards Kheiafci/Yig, 
in order to favour \oxyooy\g ; — but is himself presently ob- 
liged to leave Advivxi, at which time he takes from the 
MK^oTcoKtg (where he pronounced himself to be an A%xiog,) 
the oracles of the HugiotpxtiIxi, and carries them to 
Ittxpv*}, v. 72, 73, 90. During the war against A&yuxi he 
quarrelled at Ehsvatg with Ayifcx^rog, his colleague in 
command, v. 74 — 76. By the advice of his daughter To/i- 
ya he orders A^HTTxyopyig, who came to petition them to 
make war against the Us^trxt, to leave 2w«$r»7, v. 49 — 51. 
During an expedition which he headed against the AiyX- 
vYirxt who were charged with pvfttGftos, he was accused in 
his absence by An^x^n rog y and was obliged to return home, 
vi. 49 — 51. He conspires with AsvTv%thg on his return to 
2T«£r>j, and by bribery of the oracle procures the abdica- 
tion of Aypx^rog, vi. 65, 66. He delivers the principal 
men of AiylvYi who espoused the cause of MyfaxYi into the 
custody of the AQwxioi, vi. 73. He completely defeats the 
Aoyuot, kills 6000 of them, and sets fire to the grove of 
L f 2 ] 



lxxxiv INDEX. 

Aoyo; t vi. 76 — 80 (comp. vii. 148). He is accused of bri- 
bery before the eCpogot, but is acquitted, vi. 82 ; — but the 
frauds which he had exercised against A^agijrof having 
been detected, he was banished into Qsaax'htYi, but after- 
wards fled into A^kxIiyi, where he stirred up a revolt against 
the ActKihaiftovioi, vi. 74. On his return, by command, to 
27r«gT)j, he became mad, and wounded himself, vi. 75. 

Khsauxi, a town on the western side of the peninsula of 
Mount A&yc, vii. 22. 

KXvi'ih; rr,; KvTrgov, a promontory at the north-eastern ex- 
tremity of Kv7T(>o;, v. 108. 

K'hvrixlr,;. — Twxpsvoc: the prophet belonged to the family 
of KAt/T/oc, ix. S3. 

Kuihoi, the people of Kwoo; in Kxciyl, — colonists from Axxi- 
Tixif&oiv, i. 174. Their unsuccessful attempt in cutting 
through the taQpog which united them to the continent, 
ibid. They surrender themselves to ' A^nxyo;, ibid. Their 
friendship with the Tx^xvtIvoi, iii. 138. They save the 
lives of some Kvoyvxiot, iv. 164. 

Rvibog, a town of Augi; in Kx^tr,, on the peninsula at the 
extremity of which was the promontory of T^c^oy, i. 144; 
ii. 178. 

KuoiOog, the father of N/xoSgo^eo^, vi. 88. 

KoZav, the son of A^taro(pxvro;, vi. 66. 

Koy^yA/« (muscles) on the mountains of AtyvxTo;, ii. 12. 

KoS^o?, the last king of the AQrtvxtoi, v. 65, 76. 

the son of M«x x rtfo;, from whom originated the Kxv- 

xaus; Uvhtot, i. 147. 

the father of N«xar$-, the builder of M<>nror, ix. 97. 

Kot'Kx rx (cavities, indentures) in the island of Xio;, vi. 26 ; of 
Ey£o/>7, south of the Epgfrro?, viii. 13. 

Koi>yi 6?io;, a place or walk in the neighbourhood of Afavxt, 
where was the tomb of K/^&i/, vi. 103. 

Kotvvgx rx, — in the island of ®xao; t in the Uoitro; Atyouo;, 
vi. 47. 

KoA0r|«ic, the son of Tarymnc, from whom the ?.x.v6xt were 
descended, iv. 5, 6. He divided his kingdom among his 
three sons, iv. 7. 

KoXoffca;, a large city of <bovyin, near the river ^Ixtxvloo;, 
where the river Avxog disappears underground, vii. 30. 

KdKoaaoi (colossal statues), — of the priests among the Ai- 
yvKTiot, ii. 143. Wooden statues of MtMcegfn?, ii. 130. 
Statues supporting the roof of the hall of A-r/j, ii. \53. — 
Statues in the v^07rv'Kxix of Afavxtr, at 2«ic, ii. 175. — A 
statue seventy-five feet high, and others, ii. 176. See 
Ayx\uxrx, RiZOPtf. 



INDEX. lxxxv 

KoAo<paj>, a city of the lautg in Aatn, a little to the north- 
west of Epeo-o?, i. 142. — taken by Tvyng, i. 14. 

Kobotpauiot : — they alone of all the lausg were prevented 
from partaking of the festivities of the Anxrovotx, i. 147. 
They seize upon and take possession of S^v^, i. 150. 

Ko^xikov Tituou — called 2«g<tawxov by the 'E**^^, ii. 105. 

Ko"Kx«;, a country on the east shore of the Uowrog Ev^stvcg, 
i. 104. 

Kohxoi, the people of Ko>^/^ originally A/yyTrwo/, ii. 104, 
105. They bear presents to the Jle^oxt, iii. 97. Their 
geographical relations, iv. 37, 40. Their equipments and 
their general in the army of Ui^yig, vii. 79. 

KopipocTozy a river of Qqw'kyi, rising in Mount 'PoSoxjj, and 
falling into the lake BteToutg, vii. 109. 

Koutxiog. — Ktvsxg, the king of Qsoaxfan, was a native of Ko- 

tttQUy V. 63. 

KoitTxhodog, a small river of Oqyi'ikyi, falling into the Ayg/ai//^, 

a branch of the ' EQgog, iv. 90. 
Kotows, a mountain of luvnn in the territory of the ILQsoioi, 

v. 100. 
Kogivdog called svlxtfitnv, iii. 52, — the capital of a small di- 
strict in the north of the l'lskovouvtitros, directly south, 
and contiguous to the lodpo; ;— anciently under the domi- 
nion of the ~Bxx,x,txhx(, — afterwards under that of Kv\p£*.oc 
and ILeQtaitfyos, during which time it suffered many cala- 
mities, v. 92. 

Ko^tvdtoi: — their treasury at AsAipo/, i. 14, 50, 51 ; iv. 162. 
They place much account in their artificers, ii. 167. They 
lead a colony to Ks^kO^x, with the inhabitants of which 
place however, in after time, they were always quarrelling, 
iii. 49. comp. iii. 53. They are at enmity with the Hetpiot, 
iii. 48, 49. They desert the HsKo7tovvyi(tioi in an expedition 
into h.TTiKY h v. 75, — and prevent AQnuxi from being a se- 
cond time subject to a rv^xvvig, v. 92, 93. They lend (for 
they could not lawfully give) the Ahiuxioi some ships in 
the war against the Atyluyrxi, vi. 89. In the war against 
the Ht^oxt they send 400 men to Ge(>p.o7rv7\xi, vii. 202. 
They are said to have run away at the battle of 2x*xfcu, 
viii. 94, comp. viii. 59, 61. They fight bravely at Mv- 
kx'Kyi, ix. 102. Their women (Ko^ivQtxi) are stripped of 
their clothes by Us^x^^og, v. 92. — Their dress is very si- 
milar to that of'the Aa^t^ov i0vog, v. 87. 

Ko^BstAAoc of AvrtKV(iv}, vii. 214. 

Ko£v<r, a river of AgctZw, falling into the E^i/^ Sx^xooy, 
iii. 9. 

KoquZio;, a 7?oflvt>2vs (either a fisher for vo[<pv£eu t or a purple 



lxxxvi INDEX. 

dyer) of K^tw, who conducted the Qyipuioi to the island 
of H*tx,Tsn> where he was left, and was only saved from 
starvation by Koi'Kuiog ofZccpog, iv. 151, 152. 

Kogovatot, the inhabitants of a town (Kogavuty) in the vici- 
nity of 0«€*/ in BoiojTin, v. 79. 

Kotvc, the father of AoiYig, iv. 45. 

Kov^iov, a town on the southern side of the island of Kwroog, 
v. 113. — oi Kov^tssg, colonists of Agyf/o/, v. 113. 

KovQccyogYis, the father of Ett/^/Ao?, vi. 117. 

Ko^dQig, a small river of Atyxi in A#a/iVj, of the IL-Tioz-oj/j/y;- 
(70?, continually flowing, — whence was derived the name of 
a river in Irx^r/], i. 145. 

Kpkvxoi : — the Adnuxioi were so called during their possession 
of 'EX>.«;, viii. 44. 

Kgetuotovitis, the son of M/t£o?o6t>7?, killed with his son by 
Oqoitvc, iii. 126. 

K^oty^i'/o?. See AiXKTo^ihng. 

K^xartg and K^owr/// AQnvxin, v. 45. 

K^s| (the rail, Rallus Crex), ii. 76. 

Kt>/i,uyot, a commercial town on the north shore of the "htpv/} 
Mxjarig, west of the mouth of the Txuxi'g, iv. 20, 1 1 0. 

Kqwtuv, a city of 0fiji*u, i. 57, — and probably the prin- 
cipal town of KPYi7T6JvtxYj or K^rai/a/fl, which was si- 
tuated between Mvyhouivi and the BiaxKroi, vii. 124, 127; 
viii. 116. Koyjarai/atot, v. 3,5; vii. 124. K^r/a-Taw^ra/, 
i. 57. 

Kf>r,TYiy a large island at the southern extremity of the TLourog 
Aiyxtog, — formerly inhabited by fixQtxqoi, i. 173. The 
Avkioi were originally from K^n?, ibid. K^tikoi voftot, 
ibid. The Kfams tlicl not aid the 'E'A^r.ufg against the 11=*- 
axi ; — why? vii. 169 — 171, — where some remarks are made 
on their migrations and fortunes. Respecting their voy- 
ages, see iv. 151. 

K(>/it/}o (a goblet). A golden goblet described, which was 
sent to Kooiaog by the AxKfZxtpovtoi, but intercepted by 
the letfttoi, i. 70. comp. iii. 4 7. Two goblets, one of gold, 
the other of silver, the work of Qeooapoc of -uuo;, pre- 
sented at AsTiQot by Kooiooc, i. 51. A goblet at the mouth 
of the TLourog dedicated by Uxvaxur/ig, iv. 81. One of 
copper dedicated by the ^.x t utot in the Hoxtov, iv. 152. 
A'<r€/o; y.QVTr.otc, iv. 61. — Six golden goblets presented to 
the AsA<po/ by Tvyr,g, i. 14. 

KQynvng, the father of Awef/Awr?, vii. 165. 

another, the father of AfutP9tXeng i vii. 190. 

\\pt&ui (barley), — the leaves of this plant the breadth of four 
fingers in ~Bx1v~huviYi y i. 193. 



INDEX. Ixxxvii 

K^uset (lilies), like roses, growing in the NsAoc, and others 
the roots of which are esculent, ii. 92. 

K£W7r?rof, the father of T^i^og, vii. 165. 

K^iot (rams) held sacred by the Aiyvrriot QviQcttot, ii. 42. 

Kglog, the son of Uo'hvKQtros ; — his transactions with KAsfo- 
pevYK, vi. 50. — delivered into the custody of the AQwouot, 
vi. 73. 

of Atyluriy the father of UoTiva^irog, viii. 92. 

Kgtacciou Kzhou, a large space of ground in the immediate vi- 
cinity and south of K^hjgyi, in the southern part of <&aKi$, 
viii. 32. 

KtjtrottTioi roc, a town of KxttkccSoxiyi, of uncertain position, 
vii. 26. 

KgtroSovhos ; — his daughter was the wife of Apcwi<;> ii. 181. 

another, of Toqmyi, viii. 127. 

KgoSvgot QpniKsi;, a people between the lar^og and Mount 
Aipog, and east of the Tg<€«A?io/, iv. 49. 

Kqowos, of the family of the Ms^valcct, i. 7. He was the son of 
AKvxttyi; by his wife KagiKyj, and had a half-brother, Uuv- 
rc&hzav, whom, in consequence of his rebellion, he put to 
death, i. 92. At the age of twenty-five he became king of the 
Avfoi and besieged E^eco?, and he afterwards subdued the 
lai/sg and Aiohses in Aar/i, i. 26. He is about to attack the 
islanders, but is deterred from it by Btxg or Iltrre&Kos, and 
he finally concludes a friendly alliance (%eii/iYiu) with them, 
i. 27. He conquers all the nations west of the 'AAi/^i. 28. 
He concludes a treaty with Apuag and with AxQwyirog, 
the rv^oci/uoc of the Bx.&v'huvioi, i. 77. — his conversation 
with 2oA<av, i. 30—33. — his dream concerning his son, i. 34. 
He generally treats Al^arog (whom he had previously pu- 
rified from pollution), who had accidentally slain his son 
whom he had in charge during a hunting excursion, i. 35 
— 45. He fears the increasing power of the TLs^trizt, and 
consults various oracles on the subject, i. 46 — 55. He 
sends many magnificent presents into c E/Ao«<r, and espe- 
cially to the AgA<po/, i. 50 — 52, 54. In consulting the oracle 
of the AihQoi he was assisted by A\x,^muv, — and he con- 
sequently presents him with a large quantity of gold, vi. 125. 
He makes a treaty with the Auxslxtpovicx, the most pow- 
erful people of 'EAAa.c,i. 69. He carries the war into 
Koi^r^oiloKtyi, and is desirous of punishing Kv^og for the de- 
thronement of AaTvocyri^ who was his relation by mar- 
riage, i. 73 — 75. He crosses the river ' A?w$, subdues the 
2v^o/, and fights a battle with KvQog, with success how- 
ever to neither party, i. 75, 76. He returns to 2«g§/$ 



lxxxviii INDEX. 

with the intent of renewing the war the following year, 
i. 77. He is conquered by Kv^og on the plain before 2ag- 
Itg, i. 79 — 81. After the taking of "2xQh$ he becomes a 
prisoner and is placed upon a pile to be burnt, but is saved 
by A^dKKavy i. 84 — 87. He becomes the favourite of Kv- 
qos, to whom he gives salutary advice respecting the sacking 
of 2oc^hi, i. 88, 89, and changing the manners of the re- 
bellious Avlot t i. 1 55, 156 ; — likewise in the war against the 
MoiaawysToii, concerning crossing the A^af^, i. 207. He 
is sent back with KxpSvoyis into TLi^cr/.n, i. 208. He ac- 
companies Ke&ftQvaris into AiyvnToc, iii. 14, and flatters him 
with great ingenuity, iii. 34. When, however, venturing 
to admonish him when insane, he narrowly escapes with 
his life, iii. 36. He liberated MtTiTtuZyc, who was a pri- 
soner among the Aoc^mkyivoi, vi. 37. He had a son deaf 
and dumb, who suddenly gained his voice when his father 
was attacked by a Usgws, and begged his life, i. 34, 38, 85. 

Kgoxoleftoi (crocodiles) described, ii. 68, 69, 70. Sacred cro- 
codiles, ii. 69, 148. Their tombs, ii. 148. — found in the 
river Ivlog, iv. 44. Land crocodiles in A&vn, two irnxii $ 
in length, iv. 1 92. 

K(>oKoh<*&)v Trolls near the Ng^oj, a little above Mf^p^, 
ii. 148. 

K(>Q(rootin %u%r\ (sometimes read K^ovfrcttYi), a small district of 
0%Yi'i>tr), near the peninsula of HuKhwYi, and west of XaX- 
xthtKYi, vii. 123. 

K^oroiv, a town of Iruhin on the gulf of Tstgxg, iii. 136, 137. 

K(>otc<)viy}tui, the people of K^otuv, A-^cciot by descent, viii. 47. 
Their war with the 2uZci(>Irstt, v. 44, 45. They were at 
one time considered the most eminent physicians of 'Ex- 
Xse.c, the Kvonvotioi the second, iii. 131. 

K£<y<p/, a mountain in higher Ar/v-mos, between 2vriur, and 
EAf<p«j/ t<vyi, ii. 28. 

Kvcti/sxi (vYiaoi), islands of the TLouro; EvZuuo:, very near 
KaA^So!/;>7 and the mouth of the Boo-tto^o? 0o>;i^oc,iv. 85. 

Kvk%x(>yi; } the son of <frpxo%Tn; and the grandson oTAjimmk, 
a king of the M^Bo/, who improved their military discipline. 
He at first kindly received the exiled Sxptta, but after- 
wards treated them harshly, i. 73, 74. comp. i. 16. He 
surrounds Nrvo? with his army, but is surprised and over- 
whelmed by a host of 2%v4«*, i. 103, 104. He subdues the 
Affvvgioi. He reigned forty years, i. 106. 

Kv£s(>y{(rKog, a Avowee, vii. 98. 

KvZnZ/i'.—her temple at Ixplt; burnt with the city, v. 102. 

Kv^tTTTTYi, the wife of Kv&^ihiu; and the daughter of T*im>.- 
Ao?, vii. 165. 



INDEX. Ixxxix 

KvZ^et^oty a town on the frontiers of <&t>vyiri and Ai/S/>7, vii. 30. 
Kvhavin, a town on the western side of Kqyityi, built by the 

2oc^/o/, iii. 44, 59. 
Kv&xov, a town of A<W7, on the southern coast of the IlgoTroj/- 
t/£, iv. 14, 76; vi. 33. The Kvgtxwot celebrate a festival 
in honour of the mother of the gods, iv. 76. They surren- 
der to OiZccgyg the UsQarig, vi. 33. 
Kv0yi£<z, an island directly south of Axxcmdcyi, in the IIsXo- 
iropuwog, — in the power of the Agyetoi, i. 82. In it is a 
temple of AQgohiTvi Qv^xviri, from Agku'Ko>v > i. 105. Xt'Kai/ 
said that it would be better for the AotxihctifAovioi that this 
island were sunk than that it should remain, vii. 235. 
Kv^oj, an island of the Hourog Aiyoctog, near Attikyi, and 
south of the island of Ksog, vii. 90 ; viii. 67. The KvQvioi 
were in the fleet of the 'RKhweg at the battle of lahufitg, 
viii. 46. 
KvKTiochsg vwot, a cluster of islands in the south-western part 

of the Tlourog Ar/ecicK, v. 30. 
Kv'Ah/iarig, the name for a kind of rye-bread (sf o>v^uv) 

among the AiyvKTioi, ii. 77. 
KvAKv(>io{ ; — they were anciently the slaves of the 2y^>j- 
Kovatot, and they expelled their masters from the city, 
vii. 155. 
KvKcovj an Adyvoiiog, who aimed at the rvgavw;, v. 71. ' 
Kvfcn, a city of Aiohig in Aa/j?, north-east of Qoikociu., i. 149, 
157; v. 123; vii. 194. — called also ^Qixcovig, i. 149. — taken 
by the TltQaxi, v. 123. The fleet of Ss^ng winters at Ky- 
f&n, viii. 130. The Kvfixioi consult the oracle concerning 
the surrender of TLoiktvyi;, i. 1 57 — 160. They take him to 
X/oj, i. 160. They depose their king, but send him away 
uninjured, v. 38. 
Kvpottog. — A^iarocyo^Yig, iv. 138. 

KvuuiyttQog, the son of EvQoqiojv, whose hands were chopped 
off' when attempting to catch hold of one of the enemy's 
ships, vi. 1 14. 
Kvusyg, the father of ®tlxy%og, vi. 101. 
KvwTsg, the most western people of Evquttyi, contiguous to 

the KfAro;, ii. 33. 
Kvvixog, called by some Zmfybftt, the son of Aevrvwhs 

and the father of Agwlvifios, vi. 71. 
Kv>oKt(poL*o( (dog-headed) ;— thus were named a people in the 

west of AtQvri, iv. 191. 
Kvuoffuqyec, a Iny.og north-east of and very near Afavat, in 

which was a temple of 'H^Ajk, v. 63; vi. 1 16. 
Kvmovqx, a promontory of Atukyi a little below Bgtfvpw, 
viii. 76, 77. 



xc INDEX. 

Kvvov(>tot, the inhabitants of a small tract of country be- 
tween A^yoTw?, AgKcihiri, and Aclkuvikyi ; — ecvroxdovsg in 
fact, but seemingly Icuvsg naturalized and become Aagusg, 
viii. 73. 

Kvva or Sxaexa, the wife of Mirgotlccrvg, the herdsman of 
AaTvayw, i. 110. He preserves KOgog, who was given to 
him to be exposed, and brings him up, i. 112, 113. Her 
name was always in the mouth of KvQog, i. 122. 

Kt/^/a i'Tiio. not the poems of 'O^sojgoc, ii. 117. 

Kvttqoc, an island in the eastern part of the Hellenic (or Me- 
diterranean) sea,— first taken by Ap&aig, ii. 182. — tributary 
to the TLsgaoct, iii. 91. Their virgins prostituted in the 
temple of ApgoBfrjj, i. 199. The Kv^tot surrender to 
Kaft&vaYi;, iii. 19. Their wars with, and defections from, 
the lii^aeci, v. 104 — 115. — reduced to subjection, v. 115, 
116. Their mode of armour, vii. 90. The origin of their 
various tribes, ibid. 

Kwz-gov K^Yi'ihg, a promontory of Kwrgoc, v. 108. See Ka>j- 
ife. 

KvQocvutg, an island on the coast of A&v/i, nearly south of 
KapguSw*, and near the Tv^xursg, iv. 194, 195. 

Kv^vyi — Kv^nvcttav toM;, a city of AiZvy, near the sea, and 
nearly south of Kqyityi and east of the Iv^Ttg, surrounded 
by water, iv. 164. The Usgocti neglected to destroy the 
city when they were able to do so, and afterwards at- 
tempted it without success, iv. 203. Kv(>Yi>Joiix.ri «j x a ^> * n 
which there are three harvests in the year, iv. 199. 
Kvgrivccioty their kings, and their history, iv. 1 54 — 167. They 
deprive the A&vsg of a great part of their territory, and 
completely defeat the A/yvxr/o/, iv. 159. comp. ii. 161. 
They are afterwards defeated by the AtSvec, iv. 1 60. They 
consult the oracle respecting the manner in which they 
should administer their state affairs, iv. 161. They surren- 
der to Kexp&vong, iii. 13. Their friendship with the 2a- 
/utoty iv. 1 52. The Kv^uaioi were reckoned the second 
physicians, as the Kooravir.rott were the first, iii. 131. 
Their account respecting the sources of the Ns/*o?, ii. 32. 
The women of Kv^yjvyi pay a superstitious respect to cows, 
iv. 186. 

Kv^vog, an island in the western part of the Mediterranean 
sea (qfa q SothxooYi), north of $>oivTkyi in AtQv/i, and; the 
island of 2a£&y, — in which the <3?aKcussc built the city of 
AA«A/)j, i. 165 — 167. The Kv^vioi fought a campaign in 
2/*e>/fl under Api\x.x,g i vii. 165. 

a town of Kct^voTir,, in the south of Evcot/i, ix. 105. 

Kvgvog ijoag, i. 167. 



INDEX. xci 

Kvgog, the father of Ku^Qvang and the grandfather of the 
great KO^og, i. 111. 

Kvgog, a HsgaYis, i. 120; vii. 11. His birth, parentage, &c. 
i. 75, 91, 107, 108, 111. — called a mule by the oracle, be- 
cause he was half Mvjhog half He^ms, i. 91. (comp. i. 55.) 
— given up by ' A^xyog to be put to death, but miracu- 
lously preserved, i. 109 — 112. He is brought up by the 
wife of a herdsman, i. 113. The reason of the saying, that 
he was bred up by a dog, i. 122. His kingly deportment 
during boyhood, i. 114. He is acknowledged by his grand- 
father Aatvxyfig t i. 116. and is sent to his real parents, 
i. 122. He is roused by ' A^xyog to revenge against A<r- 
rvecyns, i. 123, 124. He induces the Ilsgcxi, by an inge- 
nious device, to revolt against the MyjIoi, i. 125 — 127. He 
deposes Aorvxyvig, i. 46, 127 — 129, and retains him as a 
prisoner, i. 73, but does him no injury, i. 130. After hav- 
ing subdued the whole of higher Acv>?, i. 131, he made war 
upon K-Qoiaog, who was invading KxtttxIoxiv, i. 73 — 77. 
He lays siege to 2x${g, i. 79 — 81, and takes it, i. 84. He 
takes KQotaog prisoner, i. 83, 85, and afterwards takes him 
into high favour, i. 88, 89, and profits by his counsels, 
i. 89, 90, 155, 156, 207. He relates a parable to the Icovsg, 
i. 141. He gives a contemptuous answer to the Axxelxt- 
ftovtot, who warned him not to injure Jautvt,i. 153. He 
expresses a serious opinion upon the rebellion of the Av- 
loi, i. 155. He cuts off the ears of 2 t ue(>&g the pxyog, in. 69. 
He marches against AxQwyrog the king of BxQvAeuutyj, i. 1 88. 
He besieges and takes BxQvAav, i. 190, 191. He prepares 
an expedition against the MxoaxysTxt, i. 201. comp. i. 204. 
He crosses the A^etf*??, i. 209 ; and a battle speedily en- 
sues, in which he is conquered and slain by To/xv^g, i. 214. 
He was called a father by the Hegaxt, iii. 89. He is 
praised, i. 160. He believed himself to be born under the 
especial providence of heaven, i. 126, 204. His opinion 
respecting the fertility of the country assigned to the HeQ- 
axi, ix. 122. 

Kvnaaa^og, the son of <&(>t%og ; — the misfortunes of his de- 
scendants, vii. 197. 

Kv\l sAog, the son of Hsrtav and the father of UsQtxul^og, 
i. 14, 20; v. 92, — from whom sprung the Kv\]/sAtoxi, vi. 128. 
He was the rv^xvvog of KoQti/Qog, and was a severe and 
cruel sovereign, v. 92. 

. another, the father of M/Xt/«<Vc, vi. 35. 

Kam of MiTvhqvY), the son of E^xul^og, iv. 97; v. 11. He 
is invested with the TVQXvvig of MitvAyjuyi by Ax^tog, v. 11. 
— taken prisoner by I?)Tgxyo(>Yig, v. 37. He is stoned to 
death by the Mnv'Awxtot, v. 38. 



xcii INDEX. 

KoSkcitos, the vxvyJkr^og of a ship of the 2*^/0/, iv. 152. 
KaKixg, a promontory and portion of coast in Arrmrt a little 

south of OaA^oi/, viii. 96. 
KaftSgetx, a city of the p#yg>? Kgoo-<r«/>j on the <dt^p.xiog «©*- 

wog, vii. 123. 
Koivoims (gnats or mosquitoes) ; — a great number of them in 

the marshy parts of AiyvicTog, and the remedies provided 

against them by the Ar/warrm, ii. 95. 
Kavxig "Kipvin, — a lake in the north of Boiaririi viii. 135. 
KagvKtou to xvtqov, upon Mount Tlx^vmaog in $wx/c, viii. 36. 

A. 

AxGhx, the daughter of Aptptav, v. 92. 

AxQZxkos, the father of Actios, v. 59. 

Aflfcog aftvSflt, a town in the interior of K*f/», where was a 
temple of Z*vj ^.r^xriocy v. 119. 

AxQwyrog, a king of the BaetAawo/, who caused a peace and 
close alliance to be formed between Kvx^xQYig and A^v- 
UTTYis, i. 74, 77. 

— another, a king of Aoovyn, upon whom KDgog made 
war, i. 188. 

Ax£v(>tvt)og. The labyrinth of Afyy^ro? described, ii. 148. 

Axyog (the hare);— its fecundity. It is the only animal 
which superstates, iii. 108. An ominous birth of a hare 
from a mare, vii. 57. 

Ax$yi, an island of the TLovrog Atyxiog } on the coast of Aar/}, 
and opposite to M/X»toj, vi. 7. 

Asihtxy, the wife of Apxotg; — her vow made to AQqoIitvi, 
ii. 181. 

Axtov E^Is/vg, — his temple at 2^-oe^r», iv. 149. The oracles 
of Acciog, v. 43. His descent, v. 59. 

Axx-sbxipow, — AaKauiKYi yn, vi. 58 ; vii. 234 ; a district in 
the south-eastern part of the Tlik ovouv/ivog, — in which was 
2T^r», a city containing 8000 men, vii. 234. 
AxKthxiftovtoi ; the inhabitants o^Axkuvikyi, — called7r«£/o;*o/, 
vi. 58. Axxshxtftovtot tt-oioikoi, ix. 11, where they are distin- 
guished from the slXuTsg. comp. ch. 10. Their laws and go- 
vernment founded by AvKov^yog, i. 65. The office and pri- 
vileges of their kings, vi. 56 — 58. Their senators {yf^ourtg) 
twenty-eight in number, vi. 57. Their knights [itmss), 
viii. 124. Their tgsusg (young men — stpyZoi, Xen.), ix. 85. 
Their institutions similar to those of the TLsgaxi and A<- 
ywTTTioty vi. 59, 60. They pay an especial attention to re- 
ligious observances, ix. 7. comp. v. 63 ; vi. 106; vii. 206. 
They study an extreme brevity of speech, iii. 46. It is 
thtir custom to speak one thing and to think another, 



INDEX. xciii 

ix, 54. comp. v. 92; vi. 108; viii. 142. Their discipline 
praised, vii. 102, 104. They mark with infamy all those 
who fly from battle, vii. 231. The AxxiZxtpoviot the chief 
of the AcoQiKou yiuo$, i. 56. They make war upon the Tg- 
yzriTui, but with ill success, i. 65> 66. After the discovery 
however of the bones of O^arvig they meet with better 
success, and the greater part of the Tlihanvovvmoz becomes 
subject to their power, i. 67, 68. They make a treaty of 
alliance with Kgotaog, i. 69. comp. i. 6, 83. They con- 
tend with the Aqyeioi concerning the possession of 0y- 
pevi t i. 82, 83. Their assistance is requested by the luvsg, 
i. 141, — which they refuse ; but they still send ambassadors. 
to Kugos to warn him against injuring any of the Hellenic 
cities, i. 152, 153. Apotaig sent them a linen shirt for a 
present, which was stolen by the lapiot, iii. 47 ; in conse- 
quence of which, principally, they undertook an expedition 
against 2^o? and IloKvxgoiTvis its rvgctuvoc, iii. 39. They 
determine to restore the exiled ^upiot to their country, 
i. 44—48; and accordingly besiege 2«^oj, but without suc- 
cess, i. 54 — 56. They afford refuge to the Minvoa after 
their expulsion from Anpvog, but afterwards, on account of 
their rebellious conduct, determine to put them to death, 
iv. 145, 146. Respecting their transactions with the Ai- 
ytuYiroc/, AfiyeiDi, A6nuxto( t &C. comp. articles KfaopsvYig, 
Aevrvxti/is, AYift,oc%Yiros. The l.xvdott are desirous of form- 
ing an alliance with the AocxiZoctf^ovtot against the Tli^aoti, 
vi. 84. They advise the Hhocrocmg to place themselves 
under the guidance and protection of the AQyivckoi, vi. 108. 
They throw the ambassadors of Aoc^eioc into a well, vii. 133. 
comp. vi. 48. They are summoned to the aid of the A#*j- 
vcuoi, but they delay their march until the full moon, vi. 106. 
They arrive at MxQx&au after the battle, vi. 120. They are 
the 'first to become apprised of the preparations of the 
Hs^cii, and they make it known to the rest of the c Ex- 
Kvuec, vii. 239. On the approach of the war with the IIg£- 
acti they and the AQyiuctiot send ambassadors to TsTiw, 
vii. 153 — 156;— to the AQysiot, vii. 148 — 150. Their va- 
lour, &c. at QegpoTrv-Kxt, vii. 202—212, 223—233. They 
are invested with the supreme command during the war 
against the Ilepreii, viii. 2, 3. They are commanded by the 
oracle to avenge the death of Aeoittivis, viii. 114. comp. 
ix. 64. They honour (dspurTOKhiYis with high distinctions, 
viii. 1 24. They send ambassadors to the Ahvum to pre- 
vent them from making an alliance with Se^viSt viii. 142. 
After having built their wall at the Ufao;, they are no 



xciv INDEX. 

longer afraid, and delay the sending of an army when re- 
quested by the KQwxtoi to aid them against the Usgax/, 
ix. 6 — 11, 19. They are in the army of the ''E.KKyivig at 
II>iocT«/ot;,ix. 28, — where they distinguish themselves,ix.62, 
63, 71. They inter their slain, ix. 85. They are at the 
battle of MvKxhri, ix. 102. See Aevrvxilyg. Their opinion 
concerning the removal of the Iai/fj into 'EXAa^, ix. 106. 
They send ambassadors into Aatn, vii. 137. The ActKthcti- 
ftouiot are deprived of the supreme command by the 'Ex- 
Xyuig on account of the outrages of YLavaaviYig, viii. 3. 
Their war with the Msaanviot, ix. 35, 64. They lay Attikyi 
waste in the Peloponnesian war, ix. 73. 

Aotxpav, a mountain of Atrfr'huvfn (whence flows the river 
Aovg) in Ihhvgr/i, ix. 93. 

Aoik^ivw, an ambassador of the Aaxshccif&oytGt to Kvgog, i« 1 52. 

Act/x,iroc<)ri<po(>iYi, a festival celebrated in honour of 'Htpxiarog, 
viii. 98. 

AxftKiTu, the daughter of Asvtv%{Zy); and the wife of A^i- 
ty/Lcos, vi. 71. 

Aotficrau, the father of OXv/^^toha^og, an AQwxiog, ix. 21. 

another, the son of TLvQsyi;, an Aiylvyrwg; his nefarious 

counsels were rejected by Hetvaccvtyz, ix. 78. 

— — another, the son of QgocoiKhsyg, an ambassador of the 
IZotfiiot, ix. 90. 

Aoc.f / c7rautotf, a town of Tgcjetg in A<7/>7, taken by Orxwig, 
v. 26. 

Aecpij/c&Koc, a city of Aatn, upon the ' Bx~hn<r^ourog, north-east 
of AQv^o; and IIg^&>T>7, v. 117. The Aocft\}/XKYivoi took 
MAt<*Sdj prisoner, but subsequently released him through 
fear of Kgottrog, vi. 37, 38. 

Aciobxftxg of <&ax,oticc, iv. 138. 

another, of Aiyli/Yi, the father of ImT^arng^ iv. 152. 

another, the son of EtsokKiyi;, who dedicated a tripod 

to Avo^'hav, v. 61. 

Axohxti, one of the 'TtejSo^*/ ko^cci, iv. 33, 35. 

Aocog, a town on the western side of Ira-Tuy, a little south of 
the promontory of Ilv^ovg, — inhabited by the 2v£e6gfT#/, 
vi. 21. 

Axaovtot. The KocQvihisg Myiovsg were so called. They ap- 
pear to have been situated south-east of the AvBo/, between 
them and the KthiKsg, iii. 90 ; vii. 77. 

Aoctrog of ''E^toun, vii. 6. 

Aocvgetov, a mountain near the southern extremity of Att/x/j, 
where were silver-mines, vii. 144. 

AocQc&vYig, the son of Eypog/ai/, vi. 127. 

AxQvvnog Zw, vii. 197. 



INDEX. xcv 

Kitty^u the son of Tkuvkuu, a general of the AQyjueuot, 
ix. 75. 

Aees^oc, who strangled his brother AoKsatteag ; he was assas- 
sinated by E^y|<a his brother's widow, iv. 160. 

AsQxhtct, a town in the north-west of Bo/ar/*, north of Mount 
'Ehuau, and a little south of the river K^taaog, viii. 134. 

As€a/>7, a city of higher Maxetioum, of uncertain position, 
viii. 137. 

A&elos, one of the twelve cities of the lavt ? in Aovw, on the 
coast between KohoQav and 2^t/£v>?, i. 142. 

Ae/a-ofjaiV, the son of Tosgy/T#o?, iv. 5, from whom sprung 
the 2«t/4a/, iv. 6. 

AetypvliQtov, a town of Arr/fcjj, on the frontiers of Boiurtn 
above Iles/ow/j?, v. 62. 

Agxro.c, a promontory of Aatn near Mount Id>7, and north of 
the island of Af<r£o<r, ix. 114. 

AeovzioihYis, the son of Evftvpocxo;, the general of the ®h€«/m 
at ©g^oxyAot/, vii. 205, 233. 

Afovrlyo/, a people on the eastern side of Sm^w, vii. 154. 

Ae^arog, a species of fish (Cyprinus bynni), found in the 
Nf/Aof, ii. 72. 

AeTTgsov, a to*vn of the Mtvvcci in 'H?u£, of the TlehoTroupwog, 
iv. 148. The Asfl-ggjjTAM were in the army of the c Ex>.»j*gs 
at IlAafoc/a/, ix. 28. 

Askqyi (leprosy) : — Lepers were abhorred by the Tle^reu, 
i. 138. 

Asqos, an island of the Hovrog Aiyuiog on the coast of Kxqiyi, 
V. 125. 

AeaQog, an island of the Tiovrog Aiyutog, opposite Arugitevg, 
on the coast of Aio^tg in A«r;»j, i. 1 60. There were in it 
five cities of the A/oAse.c, i. 151. The lie^axi net and cap- 
ture its inhabitants, vi. 31. The AeoQtot, after their defeat 
by IloTwxgccTYiz in a naval fight, dig a trench round the wall 
of 2ctpos, iii. 39. 

AevKotfooi, inhabitants of Asvxccg, an island on the coast of 
AKotQuctutviy — of the Aagtxou sQuog from Kogtvdog ; — they sent 
three ships to A^rtpioioi/, viii. 45, 47. They were in the 
army of the "RT^nusg at TiXocruioci, ix. 28. 

Aevfcxt arYiKxt (the White Columns), near the river Mxgovctg, 
which falls into the Motiecvfyos, v. 118. 

Aevx,Y) cixtyi, on the H^oTovTig, in ®(>yi'ixyi, vii. 25. 

Asvkuu, a town of AtQvn, east of Bocgxyi, iv. 1 60. 

Aivrvxihy;, the son of Mevugvig, vi. 65; viii. 131, — where is 
his genealogy. He is engaged by Kteoftswig to bear testi- 
mony against the legitimacy of king AyiftcigvTog. Upon the 
deposition of the latter, he is appointed king, in which si- 



xcvi INDEX. 

tuation he insults Awpxqvtos, vi. 65 — 67. He and Kheo- 
fAsvng lead an army against the AtyTvYirxt, vi. 78. He is 
sent to AOyivou by the Axxelxtftovtoi to demand the captive 
AiyivyTou; but he fails of success, vi. 85, 86. He was ad- 
miral of the Hellenic fleet in the war against the Il^uxi, 
viii. 131. After a long stay at Arfhog he goes to 2*^o?, 
ix. 90 — 92, 96. His success at the battle of Mvxxhy, ix. 98 
— 103. In the expedition into QeaaxTuvi, he received bribes, 
which being discovered at Sto^t-/?, he was obliged to fly to 
T?ysY), where he died, vi. 72. He had a son Zsv ^ihr^uog, a 
daughter Axpxira> and a grandson A^/S^oc, vi. 71. 

Asurvfrihr,;, another, the son of Avxh^sug, viii. 131. 

AsaQorvg, a king of the ^nx^Tinrxi, i. 65;— the son of E#e- 
cr^xrog, vii. 204. 

Asaxvfirig, the son of Qiihw, a rv^xvuog of the A^yf/o/, — one 
of the suitors of Ay«owTi), vi. 127. 

Asau (a lion) of gold, presented at A&(pot by K^oiaog, i. 50; 
— of stone, to the memory of Asavtivg, at Qszftoxv'hxi, 
vii. 225. A lion, the offspring of the mistress of MjiAjj?, 
fatal to 'Sxg&g, i. 84. Lions in MxksIouiyi, which attacked 
and injured the camels in the army of Bsf>%r,g, vii. 125. 
Lions are found in Evgairn only between the rivers Nf«rroj 
and AyjXaog, vii. 126. The lioness supposed to whelp once 
only in her life, iii. 108. 

Asau, the son of ~Ev^vxQxrihYig and the grandfather of Asa- 
wdw?, vii. 204, — who was king at Ittxptyi at the same time 
with 'HyYi<rtKXiYtg y i. 65. 

another, vii. 1 80. 

Atuoihvg, the son of Avx^xvlnibrig, and the brother of KAso- 
fisuta and Ac»(>isvc, v. 41. His genealogy, vii. 204. He un- 
expectedly obtained the kingly power at 2z-#£t>j, vii. 205. 
He is sent at the head of 300 Ikx^tivitxi to ©s^ocryA*/, 
vii. 206. Relying upon an oracle, he devotes his life to the 
cause of his country, and dismisses his allies, vii. 21 9—222, 
— and bravely falls in battle, vii. 224. His body is in- 
sultingly treated by 3s%%Yig, vii. 238. The Axxslxipoutoi 
send to demand satisfaction from Ss^rig for the murder of 
Asauilvg, viii. 114. 

Af^7r^f3">j.c, a '2'7rcci>TiYiTYig t the father of Qixaihyig, vi. 85. 

another, the father of the poet ^i^authng, vii. 228. 

AyjIxuou, called by the A^xQioi 'Kxhxvoy (the gum collected 
from the plant A>jBoc, Cistus creticus). [See Tournefort's 
Voyage, vol. i. p. 74 :] — the manner in which it is procured, 
iii. 112. 

AyjiVov, — the name given by the A^xm to the t£vtxv>i'io'j> 
vii. 197. 



INDEX. xcvii 

AvfAvog, an island in the north of the liourog Atyxiog, — inha- 
bited by TLehxayoi, vi. 140, —who expelled the Mtvvxt, its 
former inhabitants, iv. 145. These TliKxoyoi murder all 
the women whom they had stolen from Attikyi ;— whence 
the phrase Advice eoyx, vi. 138. Aypvog taken by Qruwg, 
v. 26, 27,— and by Mforixhvtg, vi. 140. The Artpvioi mi- 
grate into the TLsko-Trovvyoogy viii. 73. 

Ayra; her oracle at Bovra in AtyvirTog, ii. 155. The story 
of the AtyvTTTiot respecting her, ii. 156. 

A&xvarog (frankincense), where and how procured, hi. 107. 

AiQvsg, vopxhg, — inhabiting the sea-coast from Aiyunrog as 
far as the lake T^irautg, — their civil and religious institu- 
tions, iv. 186 — 190. The individual tribes of them enu- 
merated, iv. 168—180. They were the first who paid 
worship to TLocstfeau, ii. 50. They sacrifice to the sun and 
moon, iv. 188. They worship AQyvxiri their indigenous 
(xvdiysvvig) goddess, iv. 180. The 'E?.?diw; owed to them 
the xiytfog of AQvivatvi and the art of yoking four horses, 
iv. 189; vii. 184. A&vss x^orn^g/w. 191. The AiQvsg in 
the neighbourhood of Atyv^rog surrender to king Anting, 
iv. 159. They submit themselves to KxpSvavig, and send 
him presents, iii. 13. They pay tribute to Axgeiog, hi. 91. 
Their appearance, &c. in the army of 3sQ%/ig t vii. 71, 86, 
184. The AiQvsg fight with the Kx^nlovioi in 2;xgA/w, 
vii. 165. 

A/£t/>j, (which derived its name from AiQvn a native female, 
iv. 45,) — geographically described, iv. 41 — 44. — circumna- 
vigated by the <&oivlxsg, iv. 42, 43. — not equally fertile with 
Eygasnj and Aaiy, iv. 198. AiQvn is separated from Acwn 
by the Ns/Ao;, ii. 16; iv. 45, — or, as appears more pro- 
bable to 'HQolHoTog, by the mountains of Atyvmog, ii. 17, 
and by Mount Kxtxtog in "Zvqiyi, ii. 158. Four nations in- 
habit A&vvi ; — the AidtoKsg in the south, (iii. 1 14,) and the 
AiQvsg in the north, indigenous to the country (xvTox&oveg), 
— the <$o(vi>cig and the ' EAA^z/£j, colonists (eirti'h.vhf), iv. 197. 
Ai^v&g »o t uxhz, AiQvyi fayufas,— their relative situations, 
iv. 181. A&vy) extends along the BogjjiVj bxKxaoiri (Me- 
diterranean Sea) from Aiyvrrog westward as far as the 
promontory 2oAo?/.c, ii. 32. 

Ai&vxou ov^og, — the western boundary of Aiyvarrog, ii. 8. 

Atyvsg, a people of western Evqutfvi, beyond the great pen- 
insula of Italy, inhabiting a district to the north of Mxa- 
cxtitYi, v. 9. They fight with the Kx^v^ovtoi in 2/xeA/aj, 
vii. 165. 

a people of A<7/w, probably near the Mxr ivivot, Mx^xu- 

li/voi, and Ivpoi, vii. 72. 

[*] 



xcviii INDEX. 

Atln, a mountain of Kayy between n>jd*<ro? and MAqro;, 

i. 175. 
A/0o? (stone); — Atdiovixoc, of which were built the pyramid 
of MvKsgTvog, ii. 134, — and some large statues in the temple 
of 'H(p»ia to? , ii. 176. — tx^cc^ocyoog, of which we are told 
were composed two shining columns, ii . 44, — and a signet 
ring, iii. 41. — nagiuog, of which the temple of the AsA<po* 
was built, except its front, which was of the Uugiog ?w0o?, 
v. 62. A stone called Ms?i cr^a-yyo?, vii. 216. A sharp 
stone used for a knife by the AgxQiot, iii. 8. Stones be- 
daubed with blood in the agreement of treaties, ibid. A 
neap of stones piled up near the river A^tkxko; by the army 
of ActQSio;, iv. 92. Sharp stones used in the engraving of 
seals, vii. 69. 

Atpsm'iou, a place in the territory of M/X/7T0?, i. 18. 

Atpvui (lakes), — Tvyotm hifiuvi, near the monument of A>«j- 
ecrrns in Avlty, i. 93. Mo/£/o? "Kipi/v, ii. 4, 69, 148, 149. 
A celebrated lake in the temple of A&wcan at 2«i'?, ii. 170, 
171. One at A>jXo? called r^os/o^c, ii. 170. The lake 
T^irauig in A&vy, iv. 179. A lake in Ai%w from which 
gold dust is procured, iv. 195. U^uatag in &£«uuj near 
the *2r(>vfAav, v. 16. — ^.TvpQrfrtrt in AgyoTu?, vi. 76. — A lake 
near Auotvcc in <E>^yy/»7, whence salt is procured, vii. 30. 
The lake la^cc^tg in Biarouig of 0£nij»j, vii. 109. A salt 
lake of &QYi'iKYi near II/ffri/go; drunk dry by the draught 
cattle in the army of 3s^n; y vii. 109. Qeatruhtm said to 
have been a lake in the most ancient times, vii. 129. The 
lake Boi^'ig in the eastern part of QsgouKiyi, vii. 1 29. 

Alulog, a town in the island of 'PoSo?, belonging to the Aa- 
g/esc, i. 144, — where was a temple of Afavxin, ii. 182. The 
Aiu^ioi from 'Podo? built TsKv in 2/xs*/>7, vii. 153. 

Aivov Ko^xixoy (called Zetphovixov by the c EAA>jy£?), and At- 
yvxTiov, ii. 105. Aivov (linen, flax) in Hottovi*, v. 12. 

A/yo?, a song so called, sung in Qoivikyi and Kv^o?, — called 
Mctvsgag by the AiyvxTtot, ii. 79. 

Ai7r*%os, a town of the xa^n K^o-aty on the eastern side of 
the Qsgftxiog x.cih'TTQg, vii. 123. 

Airrxi, a town of the^wgyj K^oaaocin east of the Osg/xotiog »o>- 
xo?, vii. 123. 

A/o-o-o?, a river of 0^>ji'x>3 situated between Mfo-«^£^>7 and 
2t£iy6>j ; — its waters were not sufficient to supply the army 
of Ss^yg, vii. 108, 109. 

Aixins, one of the "2.7?u(>TiyTxi etyuffos^yoi, who found the 
bones of Ogsaryg, i. 67, 68. 

Ao*£o/, a people of 'E?a«? on either side, west and north- 
east, of Qukis ;— they surrendered earth and water to the 



JNDEX. xcix 

lii^acity vii. 132. The AoKgot Owovt/rtot, however, fought 
with the 'EhTwiueg at QgQpoTrvTiXt, vii. 203, — and at Agrs- 
piviovy viii. 1, — and the Ao*go/ 0£oA*/ afforded refuge to 
the <&ukszs in their flight from He^ns, viii. 32. 

Aokpoi J£,7ti£s(Pvq{0{ at the southern extremity of ItocKiyi, vi. 23. 

Ao£/)k, a name given to AttoTiAaw of the A£A<po/,i. 91 ; iv. 163. 

Avyhxptg of Nctfo? brought mercenaries to UetataTfiotTog, 
from whom he afterwards received the government of 
Noffo,-, i. 61, 64. 

> another, the father of A^ts/mmi, vii. 99. 

AvyKivg a XsfAfitr^s, said to have gone with Axvotog from 
AiyvxToc, into 'EAAac, ii. 91. 

Av^i}, a country of Atrtvi on the coast of the Uovrog Atyutog, 
south of Mvatn and north of K«^;>?, — producing an abun- 
dance of silver, v. 49. Gold is procured from Mount 
T^aAo?, i. 93 ; v. 101. 

AyS/jjj, a river which separates Borr tout's from Maxg&oj'/i?, 
vii. 127. 

AScto/, i. 28, — formerly called Mviiovzg, vii. 74. They received 
their later name from Avlog the son of Art/;, i. 7. A brave 
and powerful nation fighting principally with their cavalry, 
i. 79, 80. They were the first hucksters (xuinikot) and the 
first coiners of money,— also the inventors of almost all 
games, i. 94. All the young girls prostitute themselves, 
i. 93. Their laws are similar to those of the ' EATwiusg/i. 94. 
Their ceremony of expiation and of concluding a treaty 
is similar to that of the 'EAAvw;, i. 35, 74. They hold an 
ancient temple of Zsvg Ktzgtog in common with the Mvaot 
and K&lQes, i. 171. They take out a colony into the 
country of the Opfytxot, i. 94. They are at war with the 
Mnlot during five years, i. 74. They receive particular 
privileges (wgo^oM/rniVj, ccrsAstvi, wQosligtvi) from the AsA(po;, 
i. 54. They fight a battle with the H^axi, not decisive, 
i. 76. — another, in which they are conquered, i. 80. In 
consequence of a subsequent revolt, KS^oc, by the advice 
ofKgo/o-o?, effeminates their manners, i. 154 — 157. They 
pay tribute to Aagstog, &• 90 « Their armour in the army 
of Hsgiwff, vii. 74. 

AOlog, the son of Arvg, from whom the Avlot received their 
name, i. 7 ; vii. 74. He is called a brother of K«§ and 
Mvfrosy i. 171. 

Avxcctog Zsvg among the Kvgwatot, iv. 203. 

Avxet^ros, the brother of Mouciul^tog, who coveted the kingly 
power in 2cc^og, iii. 143. He is made governor of Avisos 
by the Hspaott, v. 27. 



c INDEX. 

Avxting, one of the Athenian (Zov^evrui ; — he was stoned to 

death, together with his wife and family, ix. 5. 
Avmyi, formerly called MAt/«j, a district of Acvw, east of K«£/>j, 

between it and KA/wn, i. 173. 
Avxiot, i. 28, — originally from K^rj?, and formerly called 
TegfuXui. They received their name from Avxog the son 
of TluvlTav, i. 173; vii. 92. They take their names not 
from their mothers, but their fathers, i. 173. They fight 
bravely against c A^Koiyag, i. 1 76. They pay tribute to Aa- 
quo$, iii. 90. Their armour in the army of Ustfgns, vii. 92. 
Aviux to%», vii. 77, 92. 
Avkqi (wolves). — The Ngy^o/ are said to assume the form of 
wolves once yearly, iv. 105. The manner of their burial 
among the Atyvz-riot, ii. 67. 
Avico^Yilng, the son of AtaxQeyg, a brave man and the first 

who took a vessel of the enemy at A^rg^/ff/ov, viii. 11. 
Avxog, the grandfather of Avctx,*Q<>ts, iv. 76. 

another, the son of Tlocvliav, who on his expulsion from 

AQyivc&i by his brother Atysvg, went to Ts^i^xi. The Av- 
xtoi were called from him, i. 173; vii. 92. 

A river of 1kv6ikth, supposed by ' Khorog to fall into 

the "htpm Mumtis, iv. 123. 

a river of ®%vytYi, which sinks into the earth at KoTsoa- 

octi in <3>£t/y/>?, vii. 30. 
Avxovgyog, a distinguished man among the AccKslotiftouiot, the 
guardian of the king AsaQarvig. Under the authority of 
the oracle he made laws for the Aocxsoon/^ouioi, (which are 
shortly described,) and instituted the f<pogo/,i.65. A temple 
was dedicated to him at his death, i. 66. 

another, an Adyiuouog, the son of Agto-Tohcti'byig, who 

headed a faction against HeicnaTQctTog, i. 59. 

another, of AftKotSiy, the father of Apixurog, vi. 127. 

AvKoQ^au, the son of ns^cti/Sgoj, who having been driven 

from home and sent to Kegnvgoc, refused to accept the rv- 

Qocuutg at Ko^v&og. He was put to death by the Ksgxt/g*/o/, 

iii. 50 — 53. 

Avkottyis a Aoociloupovios, who distinguished himself at the 

siege of Set^o?, iii. 55. 
AvoKyoQws of Ilotgoc, the son of Ttotvig, vi. 133. 

another, of M/Anro?, the father of 'lartcuog, v. 30. 

Avaxi/tns, one of the suitors of Ayu^ta m, vi. 127. 
Avatpo&xog, the father of A^ortl/is, viii. 79, 95. 
Avatar^ocTog an AQrivcctog, a prophet, viii. 96. 
Aarog (Rhamnus lotus Linn.) This plant grows abundantly 
in Aiyv7rrog. Its root is esculent {ilaoi/xvi), ii. 92. A de- 



INDEX. ci 

scription of its fruit somewhat resembling the date, iv. 177. 
Aarog KvgYivxios, ii. 96. 
AaroQocyoi, a people on the sea-coast cf AiQvvi west of the 
NWos^cyi/sf, iv. 177. 

M. 

Motyloh.ov, a town on the eastern frontiers of Aiyvrros, 
[probably the Megicldo of Scripture, see 2 Kings xxiii. 
2 Chronicles xxxv. xxxvi. but supposed by Larcher £o be 
the Migdol mentioned in Exodus xiv. 2. Jeremiah xlvi. 14.] 
ii. 159. 

Mctyvwiy, a city of AS&/>j near the river Mttiuvh^og, i. 161 ; 
iii. 122. MccyvYiTse, iii. 90. 

MayvwiYi X a ^> on the coast of <dsaau7^tri east of ^6io)Tig, 
vii. 176, 183, 193. The promontory of Mxyvwtvi the same 
as lyiKtaSy vii. 193. Moe,yvv\Ttc;, vii. 132. 

Mayo;, a people of Mud/icq, i. 101. 

a sacerdotal caste of the Tlsiiocii, — the interpreters of 

the dream of Aorvocyns, i. 107. They deliberate with him 
upon the defeat of his purpose in putting K^o? to death, 
i. 120. Afterwards, when Kvgog revolted, they were im- 
paled by AarvxyYig, i. 128. They differ widely from the 
priests of the Aiyvmioi, i. 140. Two poiyot, one of whom 
was steward of the king's household, rebel against Ku t u- 
Qvans, iii. 61 — 63; — but on the detection of their fraud 
they are put to death by some noble Usgeou, iii. 67 — 78, 
in consequence of which was instituted the Mctyotpoutx, 
iii. 79. The Mocyot interpret the dream of Ssginf, vii. 19. 
During the expedition of Hsq^yis there was an eclipse of 
the sun, which the puyot interpreted to portend the 
abandonment of cities, vii. 37. They make libations to 
the 9}(>6)ss at Thtov, vii. 43. They sacrifice white horses to 
the river Urgvpau, vii. 113. They appease the winds by 
incantations at 2>jx;os^, vii. 191. It was not lawful for the 
Uegout to perform the rites of their religion without the 
aid of a (tctyog, i. 132. 

Mcthvyg, the son of ILgaroOwis, a king of the 'ZxvOut, who 
made an irruption into Aovjj, i. 103. 

Mcchvrog, a town of the %S£oovwog 0g«ix» west of 2««rTG£, 
vii. 33; ix. 120. 

Mx^tzQYis a MtjBo.c, i. 156. He subdued the Tlywees* i- 161. 

Ma/avSgfoc, the secretary of IIoAvvgeeriK, iii. 123; the lieu- 
tenant-governor of 'Zoipog, iii. 142, and afterwards king, 
v. 27. He is unsuccessful in his endeavours to establish a 
liberal government in 2*^05, iii. 142, 143. He is expelled 



cii INDEX. 

from 2«r«£TS7 by the sQogoi, at the suggestion of Kteopsuvg, 
iii. 148. 

Meueuflgos, a very tortuous river in Aar/i, flowing by MAjjtos, 
which is near its mouth, ii. 29. Mayvww is built upon it, 
iii. 122. The river Mu^avng flows into it, v. 118. Its 
sources, vii. 26. Monmuo^ov -ttsIiou, i. 18, 161 ; ii. 10. 

Mo&tYiTOM, a people inhabiting the shores of the TupvYi Ma,t- 
arig, iv. 123. 

Mur/iryg 6 ttotx/uos, the Tauutg so called, iv. 45. 

Mociartg q A^j/jj, (called also Muwrts,) north of the Ylourog 
Ev%e<i/og, supposed by 'HQoborog to extend much more 
eastward than in reality, iv. 3. y hiftuyi Mccr/irtg, said to be 
distant from the river <J>«<7/c thirty days' journey, i. 104 ; 
iv. 57, 101, 120, called the mother of FLovrog, iv. 86. 

Mcoccci, a people on the north coast of A&vyi, north-west of 
the Nuaxftoivsg, iv. 175; v. 42. 

MoiKotgav vrnog, the Hellenic name for the great Octcig in the 
deserts of A*€v>?, iii. 26. 

MclxsImv i&vog, a people living on Mouut TLtuhg, i. 56. They 
entered the Iii\07ro\>vmog from TLtulog and Afwoirts* *■ 56 ; 
viii. 43. 

MccK&ouegy — their kings originally Agyg/o*, v. 22; viii. 137 — 
139. They are subjected by Mctfiovtog to the power of 
Acc(>siog 3 vi. 44, 45. See Aftvurrig and A~h&£,cx,ul%og. 

Muxehouig, an hereditary kingdom situated north of QiaaecKin 
and west of Q^yHkyi, vii. 127. 

Max/<7T/o?, the Hellenic pronunciation for the Persian M«- 
ctartog, ix. 20. 

MocKiorog, a town of ' H7ug in the TlihoKcvvwog, built by the 
Miwoti, and destroyed in the time of 'HgoSoro^ by the 
HAwo/, iv. 148. 

MoiKQoQtoi AiQioTTzg. See AidioTreg. 

MccK^aueg, a people of A<rr/j in the neighbourhood of the 2y- 
Qiot f who were situated about the rivers Qsq/huIcov and 
H&fiQsviogy ii. 104; iii. 94. Their armour in the army of 
Ss^Yig t vii. 78. 

Ma,KTO)£iov, an inland town of 2/»s?u>j north of TsX/i, vii. 1 53. 

MetKsat, the south-east promontory of the nsAo^o^^o?, i. 82. 
Mate/I, iv. 179. 

MocTi/iur,, a town of the x u &> Arct^usiTig in MSir/w, vi. 29. 

M«A)j 3 ', Analog, vi. 127. 

M«i/S««>j the daughter of Aarvetyng, who gave her in mar- 
riage to Kctf^Qvavig, i. 107. 
llct»l(>(»c*sy)g, an architect of 2«^o?, under whose direction 
the bridge over the Booxogog was built, iv. 87. He dedi- 
cated a picture to 'Hqyi Sotftw, iv. 88. 



INDEX. • ciii 

Mocuegas, the name given by the Aiywxrioi to the song Atvo<s 
ii. 79. 

Moiuvis, a king of Avhy, i. 94; iv. 45. 

Mocvrtsg (diviners) in the army of the 'E^yus^ vii. 226. A 
great number of them among the 2wk; their manner of 
divination, iv. 67—69. The mode of divination practised 
among the Nceaoiftaves, iv. 172. See XgyoTygiov* 

Muvry'ioe, (oracles) of A^ia^ag, i„ 46 ; viii. 134. — at Bpeny- 
%iloci, i. 46, 157. — of the AeKQot,!. 46, 48. — of Aalauy, i. 46; 
ii. 52.— of ' Hgoiz'Keys among the Atyv7rriot y ii. 83. — of Ay- 
red in AtyvTrros, ii. 83, 111, 133, 152. — of TgoCpaviog, i. 46. 
~N£xvoftcivTYiiov among the Owz-qutoi, v. 92. The oracles 
of the AtyvKTioi, ii. 56, 83, 152, 155. The opinion of 
'Hgoctoro? on oracles (%£>ja^o/), vii. 77. 

MctvTiusec;, the inhabitants of Mocvni/sy in A^ahy, — at <di(j- 
poKv'kui, vii. 202. They arrived at Jl-hxrcaxe after the 
battle, ix. 77. 

Mxi/Tivf-Yi, a city in the south of AqkxIiyi in the Ile^oxou- 
vycrog, iv. 161. 

Maurv/is and lity^yg brothers, Uctiovsg, v. 12. 

Motives, a people of AtQvy west of the Avastg and the lake 
T gravis, iv. 191. 

Moc,7ryv, the son of StQa/aog, a Tvgiog, vii. 98. 

MtztJc&dau, a place in the north-east of Attikyi a little south 
of 'Pc&fiuoe, vi. 107. It was occupied by TleKxiaT^otTog/i. 62. 
The battle of Mx^m, vi. 111—11 3. 

MctQoKpiot, a nation of UsQaut, i. 125. MctQct<pio$ A^cccaig, 
iv. 167. 

Mctfiot, a nation of Uegaoci, i. 125. 'Tgoiotlyg was a Metfiog. 

Mxplovug, the son of TaQ^v yc, who instituted a popular go- 
vernment in the cities of \aviY\> and on his crossing into 
Ev pa-ny met with a defeat in Mc&K&oviy from the Bpyyoi 
Q^yixsg, vi. 45. He is removed from his command, vi. 94. 
He instigates He^yg to make war upon the 'E^yvsg, vii. 5, 
6. His speech, vii. 9. He was the commander of the 
king's infantry, vii. 82. After the battle of loCKayAg he 
persuaded Hearts to return into A<t/j7, viii. 100, 101. He 
winters with his forces in @eaau'hty, viii. 1 13, 1 14, — and con- 
sults the oracles, viii. 133 — 136. He sends A^ocuIqos the 
Mo&Kstiau to AQnve&i proposing conditions of peace, viii. 136. 
He takes Adyvcct a second time, and afterwards sends a 
herald to Lcthctyug inviting the Adyuctioi to an alliance, 
ix. 1 — 4. He moves into Boiarty and pitches his camp on 
the river Aaanog, ix. 12 — 15. He intercepts the provi- 
sions of the 'EKKyveg by occupying the passes of Mount 
Ktdutqav, ix. 38 — 40. He fights a battle with the 'EKhyutg 



civ INDEX. 

at n?>xTxtott, in which he is killed, ix.~49 — 64. His body 

is privately taken away, ix. 84. His son Arrarre^ ibid. 
Mofdormc, the son of Bxyxtog, a general of the Ih^aixt, 

vii. 80. — the admiral of the fleet which was left about 'Ea- 

Aac, viii. 130. He fell at the battle of HvKx>.r l} ix. 102. 
Metope, a city of Aiyvz-ro: on the coast, west of Kxvuto:, 

ii. 18, 30. 
~Slxo-g, a people of Aw, near the llovzci TiZxovjoi and KoX- 

%oi, — their armour in the army of SeQ^r,;, iii. 94 ; vii. 79. 
^Ixoixvovvot, a people of Avir, on the southern coast of the 

Horn; Eyf r/j/o? west of the II«£?.flsyo;/f,', iii. 90. — subdued 

by Kooiaoc, i. 28. Their armour in the army of S^facj 

vii. 72. 
IIxqi;, a river of IkvQikt, falling southward into the Irz 

iv. 49. 
MagnnKf a river of Qovyiv having its source near and falling 

into the 'Mxtxylpoc^v. 119. 

JL&WS, his skin hung up at K-:?.xtvxi, vii. 26. 

M*fl4i» and A^Zsvg, sons of 0o57£»>7o.-, who fought with 

great bravery at Qsou.crv?.xi, vii. 227. 
'Muouus/u, an Hellenic city on the southern coast of ©o^x/j, 

east of Aikxix and Ator.ox, vii. 109. 
M«ar«mf£ the son of Axpuqc, one of the commanders in the 

army of Sjofj*;?, vii. 82; ix. 107. He and his children put 

to death by order of HefatSt ix. 113. 
~Msi<7i<7r/o:, called by the C E>.? r,y~; IsIxkiotigc, ix. 20. He was 

general of the Persian cavalry, and fell at II? xrxixi, ix. 20, 

24. 

another, the son of li^utror,;, vii. 79. 

Mmvtcmfais, the lieutenant-governor of Agojoko;, — eulogized, 

vii. 105, 106. 
Mxa^tot, a nation or family (yevoc) ofTlsovut, i. 125. 
Mflt(7!7fleyjT«/, a brave but barbarous people inhabiting a targe 

tract of country to the east of the KxcTrrs, t>x7.x7(rn and 

south of the bvntaw?, i. 201, 215. Their god — the sun. 

i. 212, 216. Their manners, &c.i. 216. Their wives held in 

common, i. 216,- iv. 172. They sacrifice the aged, i. 216. 

They expel the IkvSxi »o/xxds; from their settlements, 

iv. II. They conquer Kioo;, i. 214. 
MmtvmytK the son of O*o/£o,', the general of the Aitvi: in 

the army of K-c£r,:, vii. 71. 
~Slxrir,Jx ovosx, a range of mountains in Am* (a branch of the 

Caucasian range) in which the river Yv,lr.: takes its source, 

i. 189, 202. 
'yixnrivot, a people of Aom (divided by Larcher into two se- 
parate tribes) frequenting the tract of country extending 



INDEX. cv 

eastward from $>£vyin as far as the northern part of M>j- 
foxYi, i. 72; iii. 94; v. 49, 52. Their armour in the army 
of Heg&g, vii. 72. 

Mxvacohog, the father of II/iac)#£o?, v. 118. 

Mocfrhveey a people of AiQvn in the neighbourhood of the 
lake H^truvig, and adjacent to the Avaetg and the Aaro(pcc- 
yot, iv. 178, 180. 

Msyes€#£o?, the son of MeyaGariK, one of the admirals in the 
fleet of kt^ng, vii. 97. 

MeytiQoiTvis, the commander of an expedition against the 
N«g*o/, v. 32 — 34. 

MeyccZvgog, called also MeyxQotgog, — one of the conspirators 
against the Mxyog, iii. 70. He expresses his opinion in 
favour of the institution of an oligarchy, iii. 81. He is 
left by Aagstog in command of the forces in Ey^w^, and 
takes many cities of the 'Ew^Ton/w;, iv. 143, 144. He 
subjects (S^jji'xw to the power of the Usqgou, v. 1,2. Pur- 
suant to the orders of AciQstog he takes over the liutoutg 
into Aaivi, v. 14. He gives advice to Augetog respecting 
'lariotiocy V. 23. 

another, the son of Zwkv Qog, who was one of the gene- 
rals of the infantry in the army of &e$vis, vii. 82. He 
was afterwards in command against the Afavxtot in At- 
yi/7TTog t iii. 160. 

MeycttioffTYig, the father of MxaKci/xvig, vii. 105. 

MeyctxTiSYig, the son of AT^Kpuioiv, who expelled Ustatarqurog 
from Adwut, but afterwards recalled him and gave him 
his daughter in marriage, i. 59, 60. He fled from AOnvoct 
when IlstatarQotrog recovered his power the third time, 
i. 61—64. comp. vi. 125. 

. .. another, the son of that AkKputoiv, who was an atten- 
dant upon Kgotoog (o Ktt^a, K^otaou wTrtxopsvog), and the 
grandson of the elder A^Kputau, who married the daughter 
of K-huodsvYis, vi. 127—130. 

another, the son of r IwvoKQetrys and the grandson of 

the last-mentioned Meyaxhevis, vi. 131. 

MeyoMQwu of A€8jj§«, who gave counsel to his fellow citi- 
zens at the time when Sf^ng invaded their territory, 
vi. 120. 

Meyw?rtxuog, the general of the 'T^uvtot, vii. 62. 

MeyagM, rx, the principal town of MeyotQtg,ix. 14. 

Meyct(>szg, the people of MeyatQtg, — at war with the AdYivoctot, 
i. 59. Their brave conduct at H'Ketruiatt, ix. 21. 

in 2mA<»?,— conquered by TsAar/, vii. 1 56. 

Miyoc^tg v) %uqvi, a district of 'Etous* directly north of the 
Icdfiog between it and Attwh, ix. 14. 



cvi INDEX. 

Mzyeiofyos, the father of Autos, vii. 72. 

Msyto-Tivs, an Axxguvu, the prophet of the "EMyvsg at ©gp- 

poirvlcci, vii. 219, 221. His intrepid courage, vii. 221. His 

epitaph, vii. 228. 
~MslifA!/os, an Hellenic measure containing forty-eight %om;csc, 

probably nearly two bushels, vi. 57. — Arrant, i. 192. 
Msdvpuotioi, the inhabitants ot^UOvftvui, in the island of Ag<r- 

€o;, a city of the Aiohag, i. 151. 
MeKxyxfrxiyot, a northern nation above the */,&&!/>? Neuyris, 

and the ^xvQxi fiotailw'oi, iv. 20, 102. Their customs, 

iv. 107. 
MgAa^TToy?, the son of Ay.vhuu, who introduced the rites of 

Aicvvaog and other religious customs from Atyvzrro; into 

'Ext.ciSf ii. 49. He demands regal power of the A^yuoi, 

ix. 34. 
M&ctfATrvyo; htfag, vii. 216. 
Mshccvdtos an A^va^oj, the commander of twenty ships, 

v. 97. 
MsTiMudo;, the father of Koo^, i. 147,— and a king of the 

KQwoiioiy v. 65. 
M£Ao6i//5r7ro5, the son of Agtxxos, — his shrine at Itxvau, v. 67. 

another, of M/rvAni')}, the comrade of AXxxto;, v. 95. 

MsAac, a river of Qsoaoihivi near the rivers Stage***? and Av- 

£*£, falling into the gulf of M*X/£, vii. 198. 
MgAat? xohiros in Bmuu), which separates the ^£^ov>7<ro? from 

the main-land of ©^i'^jj. At its inner extremity was situ- 
ated the town of Ket^hy, vi. 41. There was a river of the 

same name falling into the above bay, vii. 58. 
MgJu (honey), — made from the palm-tree by the BxZvKcmioi, 

i. 193. — from the yv^xn (Tamarix Africana), and from 

wheat, vii. 31. Great* quantities of honey among the IV 

^ocvTsg, iv. 194. 
Mtfi/€o/0e, a sea-coast town of "Mstyumir, in Bfewnt*/* north of 

the promontory of 2>5^/ac, vii. 188. 
Mektava, the wife of Usq{oivIpg;, iii. 50 ; v. 92. § 7. 
^liKiGGcti (bees), said by the Q^ixs; to exist north of the 

largos, which is not believed by ' Hoooe.ro?, v. 10. 
MsfA^hiafug, a 3>o/j>i/f and one of the companions of Kao>«o s -, 

iv. 147. 
ISUpvouix ret fiauriKriicb at lovou, V. 53. lovaot was called 

~Mz[a<jo'jiq'j ao-ru, v. 54. lovooc tot, Msftyoviety vii. 151. 
Mspii;, a city of A/yf ^rc; a little above the point of the 

AsAra, ii. 3, 10. — first founded by Mw*Kl — lts situation, 

ii. 99. 
RffsmgH?, the father of AsvrvxiZins, vi. 65, 71 ; viii. 131. 
Mfj/Sw, a city on the peninsula of IIx^Mp yi in OpvUxyi, vii. 123. 



INDEX. cvii 

Mgj^, — Tiocu and a he-goat so called by the Aiyvn-Ttoi, 
ii. 46. The temple of Msvhg, ii. 42. 

MevsKx'iog \ipw on the coast of the country belonging to the 
TCkiycLppui in A/£i/i7, iv. 169. 

Mgj/gAg^, who is said to have taken 'E7igi/)j into Aiyvirrog, 
ii. 119. 

Meuiost the brother of Ev^vhoc^ng, vi. 71. 

Mi^ochog of Ago^og-, the son of AySesXo?, vii. 98. 

Ms^uoc^oci ; — the manner in which they obtained the king- 
dom of Aviitn, i. 7, 14. 

Mggojj, the chief city of the AiQionsg on the Ne/Ao£, ii. 29. 

Mg<7<55^£g/>7, a town of Q^izn at the foot of Mount ' Aif&og 
and on the coast of the Uovrog Ev&tvog, iv. 93,— built by 
the Kot'h%r$ou(oi, vi. 33. 

another, on the southern coast of ©qyiiw, a little east 

of Srgt/^jj and nearly opposite the island of 2etfc,o0Qvi'tKvi, 
vii. 108. 

MscaccTrtoi Innvysg, a colony of KgjjTgj in Italy, inhabiting a 
district immediately north of that which 'HgoSoro? terms 
Irc&hiYi, vii. 170. 

Mgacrw/, a town near the north-eastern promontory of 2/«- 
Tu/i, — formerly called ZayKhy, vii. 164. 

Meaaviviot, a people inhabiting the south-western part of the 
UeTiOwowYiGog ; — their war with the SwagT/jjTee/, ix. 35, 64. 

MgrfitTroz/rr^o/, the inhabitants ofMsTccxovTiov in.IroiX/>? south- 
west of Tocgc&g, — their story respecting Ayorew, iv. 15. 

Mnhiecy the daughter of a king of the KoA^o;, i. 2 ; vii. 62. 

Mr$iKYi, a country of Aatn east of the Tty^tg and north of 
the KteatYi x a ^»~~ partly mountainous partly flat, i. 110. 
The kingdom of MrihixYi is terminated by the river ' Ahvg, 
i. 72. In the language of Mqltxy a dog is called So-axa, 
i. 110. 

M«5o/, their situation, iv. 37, 40. They dwell in villages, i. 96. 
Their different tribes, i. 101. They were formerly called 
Aqioi, and are said to have derived their subsequent appel- 
lation from Mnhiec of KoA#^, vii. 62. They revolt from the 
Aaavyoi, i. 95,— -and make Awkvjs their king, i. 96 — 100. 
They subdue Aatm under their king <&Qxo%TYig, i. 102. They 
make war against the AvUot under the command of Ky- 
«§«£}}?, i. 103. comp. i. 73, 74. At the irruption of the 2«y- 
6»t they lost the sovereign power in Aovw,i. 104. They be- 
siege and take 'Niuog and subdue the Aaav^iot, i. 106. They 
become second to the ILeyrett in the reign of Aarvc&yyig, 
i. 130. They afterwards revolted from Augetog, but were 
again subdued, ibid. Their name struck terror into the 
hearts of the ' 'EfcTwear, vi. 112. Their armour in the army 



cviii INDEX. 

of Begin, vii. 62. The Mu&oi and Kiooioi repulsed at 0*£- 
^oitv'hcciy vii. 210. 

Mnt'ore?, the ancient appellation of the Avfoi, i. 7; vii. 74. 

K«€>jA£££, called also Axoovioi, a people of Aovj?, pro- 
bably situated between the Av^oi and the KfttKs;, vii. 77. 

Myixtarv);, the father of A&^g-toc, v. 67. 

M^x-y^s^os, an Hellenic city of Q^ity in the ^^>j 2iQvvi/i, 
vii. 122. 

M)jAi7j, a king of 2«gS;c, i. 84. 

Mti?u€vi *oXwo<r, a gulf of the Ilovro? Atycuos opposite the 
northern extremity of EvZoiy, iv. 33. 

MijTuff ^ yj7, a small district on the southern borders of Qsa- 
acchtfi contiguous to the sea, and enclosed by high moun- 
tains called Tgvixtviut xfrpui, vii. 198; viii. 31. The Mr r 
hxeeg surrendered earth and water to the Usgcou, vii. 132, 
196, 198. 

M&ioi, the inhabitants of Mrfrtc in Qsaax^tvi, — in the army 
of the 'E^Tiyiusc They derive their origin from Aottcehxt- 
pav, viii. 46, 48. 

Myivyis, — said to have been the first king of Atyvxros, ii. 4, 99. 

M>jt^o Atpfctftuni; — her temple, i. 80. 

—— tuv Ssuu, — her festival celebrated by Ava-^tipatg among 
the *2kv0xi, iv. 76. 

rov TLourov, — the hi/awi Mousing so called, iv. 86. 

Mi}T/o;eo?, the son of HAnsi^, taken prisoner by the Hspoou, 
vi. 41. 

Mjjr^o&u^os of TlpoKO'jrwos, iv. 138. 

M/Sjjj, the son of Tofitnc, a king of Qpyyw, i. 14, 35. He 
presents gifts and a kingly throne to the temple of the 
As*<po/, i. 14. His gardens in ISIuK-los/in where roses grew 
of a peculiar beauty, viii. 138. 

MtKvdos, the servant of Ava&,ikiug and the lieutenant-go- 
vernor of 'P/iyiou, who presented many statues at OAvpbvtn, 
vii. 170. 

Mfrviros, a city of 1m ty near the south bank of the Muiotu- 
Bgoj, i. 142.— the most distinguished city of all lavm, v. 28. 
— built by Nf tteog the son of Koopog, ix. 97. It was at- 
tacked by Tvyvg, i. 14, and afterwards by his son Afivg, 
i. 15. The Mi&wiot are engaged in a long war with A~hv- 
arnjc, L 17 — 19. OpxavQov^og by the advice of HsQietv- 
Ipog completes a treaty of peace with A^veerrrjg, i. 20—22. 
The Mi'hmtQt make an alliance with Kvgog, i. 143, 169. 
The Hugtoi restored order in their city, v. 28, 29. Aoia- 
TctyopYi; of MtTitms was the instigator of the rebellion 
among the faff?, v. 36. See v. 30—38. They assist the 
Kxpss against the TliPocti, and suffer a severe defeat, v. 120. 



INDEX. cix 

They refuse to receive 'lariaiog on his return, vi. 5. M/- 
Mrog is attacked and taken by the Ylegaeti, vi. 6 — 21. The 
captive M/Aw/o/ are transported to Apim near the mouth 
of the Tiygig on the Egv&QYi SxTiocvo-Yi, vi. 20. The MAw- 
ff/o/ formed a colony at lan^tn at the mouth of the Io-rgo?, 
ii. 33. 
M/At;«Sj7?, the son of Kv^Aoc and the half-brother of K<- 
pav by the same mother, vi. 38, 103. He leads out a co- 
lony of K&yiuocioi to the Xego-ovwog Qqyi'ixyi, which was given 
up to him by the AoAoyxo/, vi. 34 — 36. He is taken pri- 
soner by the ActptipctxYii/ot, but released in consequence of 
the threats of Kgotaog, vi. 37. He died without issue, vi. 38. 

another, the son of Kiftau the brother of MihriaZyig 6 

xTiGTog; he succeeded to the government of the Xigo-ovwog 
on the death of his brother Sn^ctyo^c, vi. 39. He reduces 
Aq/avos under the power of the Adqvot/ot, vi. 137, 140. 
He counsels the laveg at the largo; to destroy the bridge 
of Aetgstog, iv. 137. He retreats from the Xegvouwog at the 
irruption of the ^xvdott, vi. 40. On the appearance of the 
<I?otuIxeg at TsueZog he retreats a second time, and sets sail 
for AQyiuxi, vi. 41, 104, — where he is appointed the general 
of the Adyuuiot, vi. 104. He is in the chief command at 
Magadan, vi. 109 — 117. He undertakes an expedition 
against the island of *2ufAog t but with ill-success, vi. 132 — 
135. He is impeached on his return and fined ;— he shortly 
after dies, vi. 136. 
Mt'hvotg v) yv, in A0717, afterwards inhabited by the Avxiot, 
i. 1 73. The MAvam called 'Zohv/xoi, ibid. iii. 90. Their ar- 
mour in the army of Bs^Yig, vii. 77. 
Mfctou, a wrestler of Kgorau, iii. 137. 

Mtvvott, the descendants of the Agyovg eviQetrui, expelled 
from Avjpvog by the Tlikaayai. They were received kindly 
by the Aetxeleuffioutot, but were afterwards imprisoned for 
their rebellious conduct. They were released by their 
wives, and fled to Mount Tyvyerog. Most of them subse- 
quently took refuge with the UocQagsocrca and Kocvxaveg : 
— a few went under Qngocg as colonists to KoAA/o-tu, after- 
wards called Qyiqyi in the Tlourog Atyutog, iv. 145 — 147. 
Miuvott Og%opivioi in Botarw/i. 146. See O^o/aswo/. 
Mtvavi, a colony of the lihivovaioi in the western part of 2/- 

xsTitY}, V. 46. 
Mtvag, of Ki/aaffoj,— his power prevalent over the seas, iii. 122. 
Mims and Sago-uSay the sons of Evgaa-a, at war for the sove- 
reign power of K(>yi7yi, i. 173. The murder of M/ya<r in 
2<*gA/*j f vii. 169, 170. 
Mtrgcc : — AQqoZttyi so called by the TLeqaott, i. I SI. 



ex INDEX. 

MtTgcthoiTYK, the herdsman who preserved Kii^og from death, 
i. 110, 111. 

Mit^oQxtvis, the governor of AxaKv?^tov, iii. 120. — killed by 
0(>oityis the governor of 2ceg&& iii. 126, 127. 

M/TvXunfe a city of the Aio^seg, on the island of AsaZog, ii. 178. 
The MtTv^Yiucctoi are at war with the Adwxioi concerning 
2/yg/ov, V. 94. 

Mi/gst (an Hellenic coin containing one hundred ooctxpett). 
Two [AViui mentioned as a fixed price of ransom for pri- 
soners of war, vi. 79. 

Mot^toc Kipvv}, a lake near the river NjAo?, seven days sail (or 
4900 GTcthct. comp. iv. 86.) from its mcuth, ii. 4, 69, 148. 
— described, ii. 149. comp. iii. 91. 

Moigig, a king of the Ar/vzrTtot, ii. 13. The celebrated works 
of his reign, ii. 101. 

MoAof/c, a river of Boiariti near HXurectui, ix. 57. 

Morocco/, a people in the west of 'EXKxg, north of the A,u- 
KgoiztuToci, i. 146; vi. 127. 

Mo> ffw/oQ/ig, the father of A^T£>5f, v. 30. 

MWvj/o/xo/, a people of Aair, on the south shore of the Uourog 
Ev&ivog, near the T&xgwot and Ko?.^o;, iii. 94. Their ar- 
mour in the army of Hsglu?, vii. 78. 

Mo<7%o/, a people of Attn north of Agpst/ty and the source of 
the Ev<pf>yirric, and south of the KoA^o/, iii. 94. Their ar- 
mour in the army of £fcg£«& vii. 78. 

MovvvxtYi, one of the ports of Afaucti west of frAggo?, viii. 76. 

Mov£/£fO)7c, "&Khw7rovTiog, ix. 4. 

Mot/asMo;, — his oracle, viii. 96 ; ix. 43,— corrupted by Ovo- 
pctKgirog, vii. 6. 

Moy<r/»)j, — first known to the A^yuoi in 'E?.hxg, iii. 131. 

MyySoj//>7— separated from BoTTixi'ig by the river Af *o;,vii. 1 23. 
comp. vii. 127. 

~Mvsy,ipooiTY)g, a district of AiyvxTog, ii. 166. 

Mvsg hvo&s, in AiZuyi, iv. 192. Mice said to have aided 
liQwj in his war against ^xvx^x^ito;, ii. 141. 

MvKct'hy}, a promontory of \aviri iu A{r;/j, north-west of M/?.>;- 
roc and near "Ex/nog, i. 148; vi. 16; vii. 80; ix. 90, 96. ko- 
qv$cci r/ig ~Mvk»7\ >3<r, ix. 104, 107. The battle of ^IvKx^rt, 
98 — 104. 

MtfKcgrMfj a king of Atyvrro:, who buried his daughter in the 
wooden statue of an ox. The term of his life is appointed 
by the oracle, and he tries to double its length. His py- 
ramid, ii. 129 — 134. 

^IvKwxiai, the inhabitants of Mvxwv in Aoyoitg of the IIsAo- 
7toj/j/)j(7o?, — at 0:(>poTv'hx/, vii. 202. They try to reduce the 
' YL^mkKu^xi to slavery, ix. 27. 



INDEX. xci 

MuKot, a people of central A0717 near the Egy% 6efhuaan t 
iii. 93. Their armour in the army of Hs&ng, vii. 68. 

Mvxouog, an island of the HovTog Aiyutog near Avisos, vi. 118. 

Mv^uaoc, rot, a town in the interior of Kag/u, where was a 
temple of Zsvg Kag/o?, i. 171. 'HgMxTie/Sn; was a Myaaer- 
o-gy?, v. 121. OTuscrog the ruQxuuog of MyAes<rc6 taken pri- 
soner, v. 37. 

My?uTros, the name given to Afp^oltru by the Aoov^ioi, i. 131. 
Her temple and worship among the B«£yAaj//o/, i. J 99. 

Myi/S/» uocvg. — V. 33. 

Mvovg, a city of \uvm on the banks of the Motiap^^og, north- 
east of Ma>?to£, i. 142 ; v. 36. The Mvovam in the fleet 
of the \uvig at Mi^Yirog, vi. 8. 

MvQtotvlQiKog Koknog, a gulf of KikiKtYi at the eastern extre- 
mity of the Hellenic (or Mediterranean) sea, iv. 38. 

Mvgive&t a city of Ato7\ig in Aovh and a little north-west of 
Kv/uyi, i. 149. The Mv^tuaioi in Aviuvog, vi. 140. 

Mvgv/vo;, a town of the H<W«; in 0g>ji'*>7, upon the HT^vpav 
and north of Evj/sot o'Bo/, v. 11, 23, 124. 

Mi/g^g, a rock so called between the island of 2^/os^o? and 
the coast of M*y»wm> vii. 183. 

Mv^triTiog; — KocvlecvMgt so called by the ' 'ETtAws?, i. 7. 

Myg70?, the father of Kxvlocv'hYig, i. 7. 

another, the son of Tvyyg, sent as a messenger to See^o? , 

iii. 122. He was killed at Uyliuaog, v. 121. 

Mvf>n)u, the grandfather of Kte/odevyig, vi. 126. 

My>, Ey^^gy?, sent by Mctglovtog to consult the oracles, 
viii. 133—135. 

Mvaot and Tevx,(>o; t — their expedition before the time of the 
Trojan war, vii. 20. The Mvaot hold a temple of Zwg Kcc- 
Qiog in common with the Avloi and K«gg^,i. 171. — subdued 
by Kgotaog, i. 28. They pay tribute to AotQsiog, iii. 90. 
Bs^ng- conducts his army through their country, vii. 42. 
Their armour in the army of He^ng, vii. 74. Towns of 
Mvain, — KTog and ArxQvsvg, v. 122; i. 160. 

Mvcttviqix — Aiyvxriav, ii. 171. IL'kivoTuog, viii. 65. 

M.vriMm, a city of Aeo£og f i. 160: see MtrvTwim- QS/Lvrfovwi 
is found on all the coins and medals.) 

MapspQig, a city of Aiyvmrag, without the AsAro? westward 
near the sea, ii. 163. 

Mu(pi, a mountain of Aiyvz-Tog, between Syjjvw and Eke(pxu- 
rivriy ii. 28. 

N. 

N«0a>, an island and district of Aiyvnrog, situated between the 

Sebennytic and Bucolic mouths of the Nsftog, ii. 165. 
Naf-o?, the largest of the Kvxhxhg islands of the liourug At- 



cxii INDEX. 

yectost — subdued by Ti.nanxrga.Tos, i. 64. In the time of 
AccQuog it was the wealthiest of all the islands, v. 28. 
The N«|/o/ of ^iKihr/\ conquered by ' lTr^oKga.r^g , vii. 1 54. 
They are lavs $ from Ahvxt, viii. 46. A^<7T«yo^<r endeavours 
to restore the exiled Nagfo/ to their country — whence ori- 
ginated the disturbances in lavin, v. 30 — 38. Their island 
taken by the Usquxi, vi. 96. Their ships desert from the 
HsgGXt to the ' TLtoyves, viii. 46. 

NetTrag/j, a river of ^kuQikyi flowing southward into the la- 
T(>os, iv. 48. 

Nuaeifiave;, a people of AiQvyj west of Kv^vn, ii. 32. Their 
manners, &c. iv. 172, 190. 

N«t/xgago/, magistrates of Adnvxt in the earlier times of its 
history, whose duties resembled those of the lifA*%x ot > 
v. 71. 

TXetvKQUTiSt a celebrated commercial town of the Aiyvvrni 
in the vopos 'Scai'tvc of the AsAtos, ii. 97. — given to the EA- 
Kyvss by Aptiaig as their commercial station, ii. 178, 179. 
eti erett^eti sv tsj 'Nxvkqocti, ii. 135. 

NflM/T?u>7 ^«g)j, a small district of AgyoTwc in the TisMTzowrr 
aos a little south of Ti^vvg, vi. 76. 

NawrTgo^o?, the father of EvirctKivo;, iii. 60. 

Ng« o-o7w?, in the northern frontiers of the district 0>?S«iV in 
A/yfTTTos-, ii. 91. 

another in the peninsula of Tlcx.'K'hwYi, on the western 

shore of the gulf of Togavvi, vii. 1 23. 

Neiheug the son of Kodgoc, who built M/Tiuro?, ix. 97. N«Xh- 
$*/, v. 65. 

NsAo?, a celebrated river of A/yt/flrroj ;— a detailed account 
of it and of its annual inundations, ii. 19 — 25. No winds 
influence it ; — why? ii. 27. Its sources, ii. 28. The story 
of the TSaoMfAuvts concerning it, ii. 32 — 34. comp. iv. 53. 
Its course and seven mouths, ii. 17, 29, 3 1 . —.compared 
with the largos, ii. 26 ; iv. 50. It forms the boundary of 
Ao-iyi and A&vyi, ii. 16; iv. 45. 

NsKVOftcLVTYiiov, among the Qso-Kgaroi, v. 92. $ 7. 

Ns>ta;, the father o^Yu^uit^o; killed by 2*Gm%0C» ii- 152. 

another, a king of Aiyvnros and the son of Ifupfit- 

t<X°c> wno cut a canal of communication between the N»- 
*os and the Kohirog AgoiQtos, and despatched some $mj*%c< 
to circumnavigate AtQuy, iv. 42; ii. 158. He orders tri- 
remes to be built, and takes KetlvTt; in Su^m, ii. 159. 

Nto*Ag«£, the father of QsfAtarWhe^, vii. 173. 

Nfou Tstxoc, a city of the A/oA«f in A<;/>j, on the banks of the 
river 'E^oj and near its mouth, i. 149. 

NsffTOg, a river of 0£»jix*j, on which is situated the town of 
A€3w£«, vii. 109, 126. 



INDEX. cxiii 

NfffTW^, the father of TLetaiaTQctTos, V. 65. 

NevQoty a nation of luKvdoii north-east of the 2xy&*/ ce^ornQSt; ; 
— their manners, iv. 17, 105. Their country, 4? Net^/? yy, 
iv. 51. 

N«m, a town of $?aKt; near the crags of Mount Hetgvwoosy 
viii. 32. A town of the same name is mentioned, viii. 33, 
which Larcher supposes to be a different place. He there 
proposes to read Ktecovoti, but apparently without reason. 

Njjg? (ships). In the most ancient times ships were univer- 
sally coloured with red ochre (^Atoc), iii. 58. Horse- 
transports mentioned, vi. 48 ; vii. 97. The ships of the 
Ltloivioi and ' ATuKx^aoes c the most excellent in the fleet 
of Hsq&s, vii. 99. The number of ships in the fleet of 
3s(>%yis was 1207, of which the <&oiui>ces and AtyvTrrioi fur- 
nished 500, vii. 89 — 95. The number of vessels in the 
fleet of the 'EaAjj;/^ at A^ts^ktiou was 280, viii. lj — at 
2ceAa^/?, 369 ; viii. 43—48. Ships lent to the Afavctioi by 
the Ko^ivQioi for five Igxxftot, vi. 89. Vessels of the Ag- 
(mvioi on the river Ev(P^yityis made of leather, i. 194. Mer- 
chant-ships made of the thorn among the Atyvxrtot, ii. 96. 
Vessels made of one joint (yow) of the bamboo among the 
lu^ot, iii. 98. 

N>5o.c (a temple ; — and more particularly the cella, that part 
where the statue stands) — of Afavum AXen at Teye yj, i. 66 ; 
ix. 70. — of Aiouuaog near Bv^ccvnov, iv. 87. — of AiroATuw in 
the city of the AfoQot, built by the ATiKpouauihoii m the 
most magnificent style, v. 62. comp. i. 51 ; ii. 180.— -of Aw- 
7<y at Bovra, within the precincts of which was a small 
uyjos built with a single stone, ii. 155: — another like the 
last, ii. 175. 

N«£ui"&?£ — worshipped by the Mo&yoi, vii. 191. 

Nfxaj/dgj?, a priestess at AuZmyi, ii. 55. 

Nf***3goff, the son of XagAAo* and one of the descendants 
of H£<**A£>k, viii. 131. 

NfroB^o?, the son of Kuoidos, of AtyTi/y), vi. 88. 

NfxoA*?, the son of BovKig, an ambassador of the Aocxelou- 
f&ovtot, vii. 137. 

Nfrof, a city of the Aaovyoi on the river T/yg/?, i. 193; ii. 150. 
— captured by queen N*™*,^, i. 185. — besieged by Kv- 
u^yifi and taken, i. 103, 106. 

Wiuiau TryAot/, one of the gates of J$u&v~kau on the north 
side of that city facing towards Nfrof, iii. 155. 

TZi<reuet, a town and sea-port of Meyuyg (on the Saronic bay) 
near the island of SaAe^fo i. 59. 

'$io»m iirvot, so called from the plains in M>j5/*>? where they 
were pastured, iii. 106 ; vii. 40. 
[ « ] 



cxiv INDEX. 

Niffvgtoi, the inhabitants of Nfcrvgoj, one of the islands in the 
south-eastern part of the Uourog Aiyaiog and near the 
coast of Kci^tYit vii. 99. 

N/tjjt/j, the daughter of Angivig the king of Aiywrrog, ii. 1 00. 

Niraxgtg, a celebrated queen of BxQvTiuu, who executed many 
stupendous works. She takes the city Nfro?, i. 185, 186. 
Her monument and its inscription, i. 187. 

another, a queen of AiywxTog, ii. 100. 

Nn//«/o/, a people of Qqw'xyi, west of MsaoiftGgivi and near the 
extremity of the chain of Mount c Aipog, iv. 93. 

No>??, a river of Gg/i'ixYi falling northward into the largos, 
iv. 49. 

No&yi/, the father of Ataxtvw, vi. 100. 

Itiofixhg— I.kvQcci, who drove the Kipftsgioi from their settle- 
ments, i. 15. — AtZuesyiv. 187. — 2xyoc^r(oi, vii. 85. 

No/xto-potToc. (coins) first struck by the Av^oi, i. 94. Leaden 
money coined and gilded over by IIoXvxgfleT»j?, iii. 56. 
Scarcity of money in AiyvKtag, ii. 136. 

No ( ao/. Some celebrated laws; — of the BaJZv'huviot concerning 
marriages, i. 196. — of the AiyvirTtoi respecting debtors 
pledging the bodies of their fathers, ii. 136. — of king Apcc- 
cig obliging all people to give in an annual report of their 
means of livelihood, ii. 177. — of the listen that an illegi- 
timate son of a king could not succeed his father, iii. 2. 
Another investing a king with absolute power, iii. 31. An- 
other requiring their kings to appoint their successors be- 
fore setting out on expeditions, vii. 2. A law enacted at 
*27ra%TYi forbidding the two kings from going out together 
to the wars, v. 75. Another concerning the succession cf 
their kings, vii. 3. — The laws instituted by 2oA<k* at ASnveci, 
i. 29. comp. ii. 177. The laws of Avxovgyog at ^tx^tti, 
i. 65. 

Not/ov, a town of the Ato^seg in A<jw situated on the north 

bank and near the mouth of the Kxvar^og, i. 149. 
NovB/ov, a town on the western side of the Ui'Ko'xoi/vnaog, de- 
stroyed by the HXhoi, iv. 148. 
NiY*<po(ta£oc, the son of IlvQrig, a native of Ath^x, vii. 1 37. 
Nvffw, a town of the Aidionsg south of AiyvrTog, ii. 146; 

iii. 97. 
Nauxxgic, a town of A^kxqiyi on the frontiers of A^xii/i in 
the UsKoTrovvwog, vi. 74. 

S. 

Sxpfamrog, the son of AqiQ^uv and the father of HfgaAai?, 
vi. 131. He accuses MAr/«8*c on his return from IIxqos, 
vi. 136. He was the general of the A&wxm at My*«>>7, 



INDEX. cxv 

viii. 131. He besieges 2wto$, ix. 114. He crucifies Ag- 
reivxTYis the governor of SyoTo;, ix. 120. comp. vii. 33. 

Savdog, a town of Avxiyi in Aain, upon a river of the same 
name, i. 176. Huudiou vefoov, ibid. The Hocvdtot fought 
bravely against ' A^uyog, ibid. 

Suuctyo^ncy the son of U^tT^sag of ' A*txoi(>VY}craog, ix. 107. 

Hs^ng, the son of Aotgeiog 'Yotohtttyis by Aroaaot the daughter 
of KS|oc, vii. 1. His pedigree, vii. 1 1. Ut^ins signifies in 
the Hellenic tongue ot^'iog (warrior), vi. 98. He was a 
handsome and very tall man, vii. 187. He is declared the 
king of the Yls^axt by the instrumentality of Avi^oc^rog 
and Aroffffot, vii. 2 — 4. He leads an army against the Ai- 
yvurnot who had rebelled, vii. 5—7. He is intreated by 
Mc&fihovios, and also by the AKivet^ut and Usuytar^aTthxt 
(vii. 5, 6), to make war upon the 'JL^wig. The subject is 
discussed before him in council. The king changes his de- 
termination three times, vii. 8 — 18. He is entertained with 
magnificent hospitality by TlvQiog a wealthy Av^og, vii. 27 
— 30. He sends heralds into the different parts of c E*A#<r, 
vii. 32. comp. 131. He orders the ' EMyiokoutos to be 
lashed with whips, vii. 35. He dismisses the spies of the 
'Etovives without injury, vii. 146, 147. He marches from 
let^tg to A£65o£ after having cruelly and unjustly put to 
death the eldest son of Uvdtog, vii. 37 — 39. The order of 
his march, vii. 40 — 43. He reviews his land and sea forces, 
vii. 44. He again discusses the subject of the expedition 
at AZo'bog, vii. 44 — 52. He crosses the ' JLKhwTrovTog, vii. 54 
— 56. The catalogue of his forces, vii. 59—79. comp. 100. 
He converses with An^ot^rog on the discipline of the c Ea- 
TiYjusg, vii. 101 — 104. He orders the cities of the 'EhTiYiuss 
to prepare sumptuous suppers for him on his march through 
their countries, vii. 118 — 120. He divides his land forces 
into three brigades, vii. 121. He arrives at the mouth of 
the ILYiueiog, vii. 128. He allows the Hellenic provision 
ships (n'hoioc otTc&yayoi) to pass towards the IIsTiOXovuYiaog, 
vii. 147. He advances his camp as far as Qs^o7rv^xt, 
vii. 198—201, — where he fights a celebrated battle with 
Asavilyg and his 300 1%cAqrinra,i, vii. 210—225. His im- 
potent rage over the dead body of Aiavtiyg, vii. 238. He 
buries the dead of the Usqpccij and afterwards sends an in- 
vitation to his fleet to come and view the slaughter of the 
'EAAijyf?, viii. 24, 25. He lays waste the whole of Attikyi 
by fire {jtv^dharu.i), and takes A&ji/a/, viii. 50 — 56. He 
despises the wise counsels of AgrepioiY}, and ventures a bat 
tie at ^K-Kctpis, viii. 67—70, 83—90. He views the battle 
from Mount Atyi*Kwg near 2**c^, viii. 90. After his 
[ h2] 



cxvi INDEX. 

defeat he determines upon flight, viii. 100 — 102. He gives 
his sons into the charge of Aftreftmyi to be conducted to 
EQeaog, viii. 103, 107. He leaves Tslxfiovioc in Qsmx^iyi 
and hastens to the 'ETiA^-z-oktoc, viii. 113—120. His 
amours and their dreadful consequences, ix. 108 — 113. He 
is said to have removed the statue of Ztvg from BaSvAwv, 
i. 183. 
3ov0og, the father of lav who was the parent of the lauis, 
vii. 95. 



O. 

Octgi^oc, the father of Motaootyins, vii. 7 1 . 

Occqos, a northern river supposed by ' Hqo^oto; to fall into the 

*ipuv McciyT/s, iv. 123. 
0?£Ao/. Stone obelisks consecrated by <£>s(>au in the temple 

of the Sun, ii. 111. Large obelisks in the temple of A0y}~ 

ueiiYi at 2ai>, ii. 170. 
Olopcci/Toi, a people of Uotiouin, inhabiting a tract of country 

west of the liQypuv, v. 1C; vii. 112. 
' OZog (a journey) : — a day's journey determined by ' HqoIoto; 

to be 200 crochet, iv. 101 ; — but computed in another 

place to be 1 50 oTcchct, v. 53. The rate of sailing for a 

ship, iv. 86. 
(a road) : — l^ett olot a place on the river 'Tttuvi; in 

2KvdtKY), called in the language of that country E^ecftveuoa, 

iv. 52. A public road or track of the merchants through 

the deserts of A/Svw, iv. 181 — 185. The road from Etpeaog 

to 2oyj«c reckoned in otol8(aoi and / 7rct(>x<7oiyycu,v. 52 — 54. 

7] /£>? o^o; from Ad/iuxi to Ehevaig, vi. 34. ' Euvix 6oot, 

vii. 114. 
Ofyvtrctt, a people of Q^'ikyj possessing a great part of its 

coast country [comp. QovkvIi^yis. ii. 97] and as far north as 

the river AgnaKoc, iv. 92. 
Ogohctt AoKQot, a people of 'EAAotj inhabiting a district south- 
west of <&o)Kic y viii. 32. 
Otyvcthns, a Ssrot^njjT/jc, i. 82. 
Ofyvs, a mountain in the south-eastern part of Gsaox'hirt, 

vii. 129. 
O/Ssegw;, the groom of A«£s/o?, by whose cunning stratagems 

his master was made king, iii. 85 — 87. 
the son of MsyxZx^o;, the governor of AxffKvTiftov, 

vi. 33. 
0/(Wov<r, the son of Aaioc, v. 60. The temple of the E(*Ivve; 

of Ax'iog and Oihi^ovg at ~27rxQrn, iv. 149. 
Oh;, (sheep) — two uncommon kinds of them in A^a£f>j,iii. 1 1 3. 



INDEX. cxvii 

Ow, a place in the island of AiyJun, v. 83. 

OtKBToct, (servants) none in 'E7\A»g during the most ancient 
times, vi. 137. Their place of refuge in the temple of 
'HgxxKyg in Aiyvn to g, ii. 113. See ktKcoroit, "bovKot, Qt^tx.- 
TrovTsg. 

OiKYiftxrot, (buildings) : one of stone used for a royal trea- 
sury, ii. 121. One, which was brought from Eagpwnmj, de- 
scribed, ii. 175. — of Zc&po^is under ground, iv. 95. Subter- 
raneous houses of the Atdtovsg, iii. 97. Houses of wood at 
Tshavogyiv. 108. — of reeds at 2oegVc, v. 101. — portable, made 
of beards of corn platted round bulrushes among the AtZvsg 
No^aBff, iv. 190. — of rock-salt, v. 185. None in some parts 
of Ivhw, iii. 100. 

Oivorty a village on the north-western border of Attikyi near 
Botany, v. 74. 

Otuog, (wine) from the palm-tree, i. 193, 194. (otuog <&otut>cY}'iog), 
ii. 86; iii. 20. Barley-wine, ii. 77. Wine from the "harog, 
iv. 177. 

Otuovaaott uyio-oi, islands in the Uovrog Atyentog between Xiog 
and the main-land, i. 1 65. 

OivavYiy an ancient name of the island of AtyTvn, viii. 46. 

OiuuT^tn vi yn> a large province in the peninsula of Italy, ex- 
tending northward as far as TvQarjutn, southward as far as 
IrcAKtYi, in which was situated 'TAu a town found by the 
Qaxciiseg, i. 167. 

Oto€/*£og, a n^ws, who besought of Aetgetog the liberation of 
his sons from military service, iv. 84. 

another, the father of 2/goie/rin;, vii. 68. 

a n^o->K, who left the materials of the bridges over the 

"EKhwxouTog at 2wroc, ix. 115. He was slain by the 
&QYii>ceg, ix. 119. 

OtoQt the expression signifying man among the 2*y0sc/, whence 
the A/xoi£opeg were called by them Oiq^octoc (homicides), 

iv. 1 10. r ■ 

Oirocicc ovqscc, a chain of mountains near (di^onvkat forming 
the southern boundary of (dwoothnn, vii. 217. 

Oiroav^og :—Atto*Im so called by the 2xv6ett, iv. 59. 

Oxrccpoio-ctiyg, who put to death his brother 2wA«s who was 
a king of the 2*y#* /, iv. 30. 

Oa€/owoA<t«/. See Bo^vahvurut. 

Ohixrog, a Mv^oio-osvg who captured the rvQXUi/ot oilavtv, v. 37. 

0*o(>og, a king of the Qgyixeg, vi. 39, 41. 

OMQvkog, a town in the peninsula of Mount Adcog, vn. 22. 

OlvfCTrioi, ra, the games, vii. 206; viii. 26. m 

Oxvpvn, a plain of Ha/j on the southern bank ol the river 



cxviii INDEX. 

Ahipevg in the UsKoTrouuYitTo;, where were held the celebrated 
games so called, to which the 'EMques alone were admit- 
ted, ii. 160; v. 22; vii. 206; viii. 26. Oracular answers 
sought from the victims of sacrifice, viii. 1 34. The temple 
of Zsv$ OTwfiTrios, ii. 7. A copper statue of the same,ix. 81. 
The victors (OKvpTriovlKcti) mentioned are, <3>;?u7r5roj of 
Kqotud, v. 47, — KvTiCo of Adwoti, v. 71, — An/xx^rog the 
king of 25r#£T>7, vi. 70, — Ahxpcxiai/, vi. 125, — Mi~Krixhng 6 
KTivrris and his brother Kipai;, vi. 103. The judges at 
the games (xyuucQirxt) driven from their seats by <&aouu, 
vi. 127. 

07iVfi7r(ci<i&)(>o;, the son of Axpnav, ix. 21. 

O'hvvQog, an Hellenic city near the juncture of the peninsula 
of HctXhYiuYi with the main-land, and east of the Qeg/xxtog 
xoTiirog, in the district of 'Zidavr/i, vii. 122,— taken by Aqtx- 
Qafyg, viii. 127. 

' O^flgo?, the celebrated poet, 400 years more ancient than 
'HgoSoroj, who with ' Hatolog founded the Hellenic 0soyo- 
uicci, ii. 53. He invented the name of nxsxvog, which he 
supposed to be a river, and introduced into poetry, ii. 23. 
He gives reason for supposing that he was acquainted with 
the true account of 'E\svyi going to Hg&rsvs the king of 
ApyvirTos, ii. 116. He was not the author of the sttsx 
Kvkqix, ii. 117. He is quoted by 'H^oSoto?, iv. 29. He 
was probably not the author of the poem called Exiyouoi, 
iv. 32. KTistodsuyg forbids the potyf/ulot on account of the 
'Oftri(>etK entx to celebrate their songs at 'Sixvav, v. 67. 
'O/nYiQog said that the bravest man at \~hiou was an AQwxtog, 
vii. 161. 

OueocTut, a tribe {(pv^n) of the "Sixvuvioi, v. 68. 

Ov/ia/hog, the son of Xegatg, who expelled his brother Togyog 
from i.a.'hcif&Tg in Kvz-goc, and headed the Kvxg/o/ in a re- 
volt against the Myjhot : — he was unsuccessful in besieging 
Ay.x6wg r v. 104, 108. He is slain in battle by the Us^axt, 
v. 110 — 113. His head is placed upon the gates of A^a- 
dovg. He was afterwards, however, worshipped as an kgtg, 
v. 114. 

Oi/jjtjk, the son of <&yiuxyo(>Yig, vii. 214. 

Ouoi (asses), on board the vessels of the A^usutoi, who go to 
BxQv^ait, i. 194. none in *lw&i%n y iv. 28, 129. The horses of 
the ~2xv0xt cannot endure either their figure or their bray- 
ing, iv. 129. Those in AiQvyi have horns, iv. 191. Others 
among the AiZvtg No/uxhsg, which never drink, iv. 192. 

OvopecKQtTog, who bribed the oracle of Mowenog, and was ex- 
pelled from Afavxt, vii. 6. 



INDEX. cxix 

OvoftxffTos the son of Ayuiog, an Hhetog, and one of the suit- 
ors of Ay«£/or>7, vi. 127. 

OvovQiriK vopog, one of the districts of Aiywxrog, ii. 166. 

Ovoxat/og, a river of &s(rax^yi, of uncertain position, but cer- 
tainly east of the Avihetvoi, and west of the Evirevg, — 
whose stream was insufficient to supply the army of UiAyg, 
vii. 129, 196. 

'OvTwjg, the son of lav, v. 66. 

Okoiyi, the wife of 'Swtyg, a king of the Lxv&xi, iv. 78. 

Onovvrioi o/ AoKgoe, a people of c E7^u.g situated north-east 
of Botany, vii. 203. 

Ofivikog, a mountain of Honour/) in the great chain of ' Atpog, 
near which are situated the sources of the river A%iog, v. 16. 

Ogyyg, the father of AvTtTrccr^, vii. 118. 

O^yiot Avif&YiTQog A%xiiYjg, V. 61. 

O^yvtec, a measure containing six feet, (ggacrsSoj/), ii. 5, 149. 

0£<Wo<r, a river of2«y^>9 flowing southward into the largo;, 
iv. 48. 

0(>ioTYig, the son of Ayxpspvav, — whose bones were found at 
TeysY) and transported to 2jra§r>7, i. 67, 68. O^aruov 
[Compare Huvaocviug,!!!. 1 1, — also Qovxvh^ng, v. 64.] ix. 11. 

Ogdoxo(>v€oivTioi, a people situated probably in the southern 
part of MwiiKyi, iii. 92. 

O^ix.og a 2w#>7c, and the son of A^ioi7rsid/ig the king of the 
2xv0cci, iv. 78. 

O^usYireit, the inhabitants of O^vsxt, a town of Agyohtg in the 
HiKoTrovvYioog, viii. 73. 

0(>oiTYig, the governor of Hxfiig, who insidiously enticed TIo- 
TiVXQocTYic of 2^0; to 2ot§d*; and crucified him, iii. 120 — 
125. During the disturbances which followed the death 
of Kot/*Qv<TYig, he committed many crimes, among which 
was the murder of the courier of Ax^uog, iii. 126. Aeegg/o; 
sends Bctyuiog to put him to death, iii. 127, 128. 

Ogoeecyycti ;— the Persian term signifying those who were in 
favour with the king {etyotdos^yoi, ivsQyerxt), viii. 85. comp. 
iii. 154, 160; v. 11. 

O^aiCpdvrog, the father of AXQtvg and Mecgav, vii. 227. 

OgQiKx ogyix, identical with the Uvdccyogax, Bocxxtxct and 
AiyvxTiat,, ii. 81. 

O^coptvioi, a people in the north of Botany, directly above 
the Ka7rxi'g Th^cuyi, — whose territory was invaded by Ss^yg, 
viii. 34. 

A^xuhg, the inhabitants of 0%%opwog, a town of A^xcc- 

fay in the JIsTiorrovvYiaos,— in the army of the 'Etoyvsg at 
UhccTcttoti, ix. 28. comp. vii. 202. 

Mtovoci, mingled with the lowtg, i. 146. 



cxx INDEX. 

Ogveg — animals of the size of oxen, whose horns were used 
in making a certain kind of musical instrument, — found in 
AiQvyi, iv. 1 92. 

OaiQtg, a god of Atyvxrog ; — see AiMvoog, 

Oaaot, a celebrated mountain of (dtwetxtn, situated near the 
mouth of the river Tlwuog, i. 56; vii. 128, 129. 

Otocvyic, the son of f&xgvctoTYig, who by means of his daughter 
discovered the fraud practised by the Mu,yog t iii. 67 — 69. 
He is one of the principal conspirators against the Motyoc, 
and expresses his opinion opposite to that of Axgeiog who 
counselled expeditious measures, iii. 70—72, 76. After the 
death of the Mccyog he advises the institution of a popular 
government, iii. 80. He obtains for himself and his family 
perpetual liberty, iii. 83, 84. He is dispatched by Au^stog 
to procure the restitution of 1v~hoou» to Ixpog, iii. 141. A 
treaty having been broken by Mxietulgiog he destroys 2xf&og, 
but afterwards peoples it with inhabitants, iii. 144—149. 

the son of S/iret^wc, who flayed his father and sat upon 

his skin whilst delivering judgement, v. 25. He takes Bv- 
^xuriou, Ket/v;s*j&yi/ and Ayppog, v. 26, 27. He harasses the 
rebel laveg, v. 116, 123. 

the father of FLxTigxfAQYig and Aftvjargic, and a general 

of the IU<><jui, vii. 40, 61. 

OTxawYig, the son of A^rxxxtog, the general of the AccvQtoi 
in the army of Segiu?, vii. 63. 

Ov^vpnog, a chain of mountains in Mwu, i. 36, 40, — from 
whom the Mvcot OvKvfcnrtwot took their name, vii. 74. 

another, a mountain in the east of <~>ioacthty s i. 56; 

(OTivpnog, vii. 128) ; vii. 129. O^vpiriKn y eaZoTwi, vii. 172. 

Otptsg, (serpents) eaten by horses, i. 78. Serpents sacred to 
Zsvg ; — their mode of burial, ii. 74. Winged serpents in 
Ag«€w, ii. 75, 76. Serpents guardians of frankincense 
trees, iii. 107. Their production, and the manner in winch 
they are bred, iii. 109. Horned serpents, ii. 74 ; iv. 192. 
A great quantity of serpents among the Ngy^o/, iv. 105. The 
AiQiontg TQcoyholvrxi eat snakes, iv. 183. A large serpent 
was the guardian of the xKQtmcfoig at AQyvxi, viii. 41. 

Q<P(>vvstov, a town of Tgaaj in Aaiy, a little north-east of Po/- 
Tiiou, vii. 43. 

n. 

Uxyxtrxt, a town of Muyuwtvi in Qsaaxtm, situated in the 
interior of the bay called by ^tquQuv Tlxyxaxiog %oAs-oc, 
vii. 193. 

Ylxyyxtou ovqog, a mountain of llaiouin branching southward 
from the chain of ' Atfiog in 0g>jj*>5, v. 16; vii. 112. 



INDEX. cxxi 

rifcWo/, a nation of luhoi of uncertain position, but certainly 
east of the river Ivlog, — who eat their old people, iii. 99. 

IIoiixvisvs, a tribe in the city of Afavcu, i. 60. 

Hutov, a city of A^Kothn in the JJ&orovuwos, — of uncertain 
position, vi. 127. 

Ueuovtv, a country of Q^i'kyi extending from the chain of 
' Aiftoc southward along the banks of the l-r^v^uv as far as 
the sea, v. 13 ; vii. 124. The Ucctoves were colonists from 
Tqoivi, v. 13. They make war upon the HegtvQtot, v. 1. M*- 
yct£x£os makes war upon them by order of Aetgf/o.c, and 
takes over a large portion of them into Aatn, v. 13 — 15. 
They are induced by AQieTccyoQYis to return to their country, 
v. 98. They furnish Hftfgns with auxiliary troops, vii. 185; 
comp. vii. 113. 

n«c<oxAo6/, a people of &^yHkyi and of the stock of Uuioveg 
among whom they went into Aov)?, v. 1 5 ; comp. vii. 1 1 3. 

llof/ffo?, a city of the 'EaAwttoi/to^ between Au^ukoc and 
Ha^tou, and south-west of the latter, v. 117. 

Tlutrot, a people of 0£w*)j between the river c E€go£ and the 
MtKug KoTiKos, vii. 110. 

UecKTvy, a city on the more northern side of the Xegpovwos 
®gqi%tt, vi. 36. 

UocKTvvis, a Avlost who was left by Kdgo? at SagS/; to collect 
the spoil of the Avlot; — he roused them to revolt, i. 153, 
154. He flies to Ki^w, but is then given up to the Hegaxt 
by the Xfo/, i. 157—160. 

UctxTvi'KY), a district of central Aam, placed by 'HqqIoto; in 
the same vof&og as the Agpivto/, and therefore, we may sup- 
pose, somewhere near the sources of the Ttygig and Ev- 
(p^Yirng, iii. 93. It appears, however, and it is the opinion 
of Rennel, that there were two of this name, the second 
of which bordered upon IuIikv, iii. 102 ; iv. 44 ; vii. 85. 
The ILkktvss were in the army of Ss^ns;— their dress, 
vii. 67, 85. 

HuxTuTios, a river of Avhvi flowing past "2*$tt; and receiving 
gold dust into its sands from Mount T^^oc, v. 101. 

TJakeuorlw, a tract of 2yg/>j lying along the eastern extre- 
mity of the Hellenic (or Mediterranean) sea, and south of 
<J?oiviKvi, vii. 89 ; i. 105; ii. 106. 1-vqoi oi Hoe,%oitarTuot, iii. 5. 
— They practise circumcision, ii. 104. They serve in the 
army of 3s(>%yis, vii. 89. 

Tletfiess, the inhabitants of TIuKv) in KsQaKhwivi,— in the 
army of the 'EAKwes at H^urouou, ix. 28. 

HuTiKotg. See AdwY}. 

n*AA»i/>7, a district occupying the more western XtQoowwog 



cxxii INDEX. 

of QgwKV), and immediately east of the Qs^uuio: xo^yrog, — 
formerly called <I>Aey§>j, vii. 123; viii. 126. 

Tletfiiaog, a river in the interior of QtaaoChm flowing north- 
ward into the Hm/stog, vii. 129. 

Uetf&ftcjv of 'SxvQog, vii. 183. 

Tla.pQv'hoi, a people of Aow east of Avkiyi, between that 
country and Ki^ikoj rgYixeioi, and on the sea-coast, — sub- 
dued by Kgoiaos, i. 28. They pay tribute to Accgstog/m. 90. 
They were in the army of Se^ng. — Their origin, vii. 91. 

— — a tribe of the "Siwaviot, v. 68. 

Tlecvy — called Mtvhng by the AiyvwTiot, their most ancient 
god, and one of their eight primary deities, — said by the 
"EXKnvzg to be the son of 'E^yjg and Il^gXoxj?, ii. 46, 145, 
146. He appears to ^eih7T7r^yig the courier {vifAi^oh^ofcog), 
vi. 105, 106. His temple at Adwvcti, ibid. 

Uuvot0Y}uouc& t celebrated games at Ad/iuxi :— (there were two, 
the [isycihtx, and pix^a,, the former of which were cele- 
brated every fifth year in the month "ExocroftQxiav, the 
latter yearly in the month Qxgyrfttav, v. 56. 

Uecuxtrios, the son of Ha<jt(&evy\q, of Tr,uog y who deserted to 
the 'Ek^yiuss just before the battle of "SuK&ftlg, vii. 82. 

Ustvliav, the father of Avxog, i. 173. 

liocvdn^g (panthers), found in A/£y>7, iv. 192. 

TlccvdixTiouot, a national division (ysvog) of the Us(><jou, i. 125. 

HaviTYig, a Mzaanuiog, who proposed a method for discovering 
which of the twin children of AgtarohYiftog was the elder. 
This method was adopted, and Ev^vaOsvyg was thence con- 
cluded to be older than his brother UQOK^sng, vi. 52. 

YlayiovjicAy a festival celebrated by the united lausg of Aovxj, 
i. 148. 

Hctvtaviov, a spot near the promontory of MvxaA)7, (about 
three oruliu. from the sea, according to Srga&yjs) where 
the \uvig assembled to celebrate their festival and to ar- 
range their political affairs, i. 143, 144, 148, 170; vi. 70. 

TLaviojviog of Xfo?, viii. 105, 106. 

Tlxvo'treeg, a people of <&coxig, inhabiting a town at a short 
distance from AayA/£, — which town was burnt, viii. 34, 35. 

Uctvo(>f*og, a harbour of M/Auikji in lautr, and in the territory 
of the B^uy)ci^oct, i. 157. 

UxuTccyvuTog, the brother of Jlo^vK^ocrr.g, iii. 39. 

UuuToiMav, the son of ATivccttj^, slain by his brother Kf>o«Tog y 
i. 92. 

TlecvrciQivg, the father of K"hectvl(>og, vii. 154. 

U»uriKoc7rYig, a northern river of 2*v&jc*?, falling into the Bo- 
Qvodiwg, — its course described, iv. 18, 47, 54. 



INDEX. cxxiii 

Uccu Ttpudoi, a people of central Aam south of the Kccawtv 

Qocheioori, — tributary to Augstog, iii. 92. 
JlcutTTms, a Sa-agT/HTws- who was absent at the battle of 0sg- 

fiOTrvTiecr. — he was afterwards branded with infamy, vii. 232. 
Hol7tcuos : — Zsvg so called by the ^.kvQoii, iv. 59. 
JJxx^ocks^— a kind of fish found in the lake U^xatxg of 

Q(>W>cvi, v. 16. v 

UetvginfMS, a town of Atywxrog of unknown position, ii. 59 ; 

iii. 12. Sacred rites celebrated there, ii. 63. The people 

of the vo/xog Uecx-QYi/utTYis (ii. 165), hold the fa-ow vorot- 

fciot as sacred, ii. 71. 
Ilccfict&xTYig, who accompanied AaQuvg on a colonial expe- 
dition into 2/x£7w*i, and there died, v. 46. 
JIuQuKccTcij, a nation of ^kv&xi, descended from a king Ko- 

>*£;«<>, iv. 6, 7. 
Iiot^x'7roTocfcioi t a people inhabiting a town and tract of Q?o>Kig 

on the river K>j<pro-of, viii. 33. 
lioi^uadyyvigi a measure equivalent to thirty HelLenic oTa.hu, 

ii. 6 ; v. 53 ; vi. 42. 
IIoe^Tjexjjyo/, — one of the six national divisions of the Mqdo/, 

i. 101. 
UocQiKMutoi, a nation of MijSo/, supposed by Rennel to be the 

same as the UotgYiToucwot, — their armour in the army of 

Se^ygy iii. 92 ; vii. 86. 
another people composing the seventeeth vo/uog with 

the Asiatic AiOtoireg (which latter Larcher supposes to be 

the Ko*%oi between Mount Kccwxaog and the Ilovrog 

JLv&tvog), iii. 94. Their armour in the army of Hs^ns, 

vii. 68. 
Iloc(>iou, a city on the Asiatic shore of the ' EhMowot/Tog, north- 
east of Actftipuxog and Uoctaog, V. 117. 
Uc&Qiog ~hi6og, v. 62. See "Kidog. 
Uot^&suiogy a river of Aar/t flowing into the liourog Ev%sivog, — 

whose banks were peopled by the 2y^/o/, ii. 104. 
Tlccgfavtov ov^og — a mountain on the eastern side of the Ile- 

'koKovvnaog, between Agyog and Teysvi, vi. 105. 
Ilet^o/, a people of central Aaw east of the My$oi and 'Tq~ 

Kotviot, iii. 93, 117. Their armour in the army of HsQ^g, 

vii. 66. 
Uec^vg, the daughter of Spsfiig and the granddaughter of 

KOgog, iii. 88 ; vii. 78. 
Uupvwaog, a celebrated mountain in the centre of QaKig, 

viii. 27. Its two summits, viii. 32. 
Tlot^og, one of the Kvxhxhc:, islands of the Tlovrog A/yutog, 

v. 31. The TlciQtoi restore order among the MtMaiot, v. 28, 

29. Their city besieged by Mtfir/a&w, but without effect, 



cxxiv INDEX. 

vj. 133 — 135. They await the result of the Persian war 
without fighting, viii. 67. They furnish money to Gspto- 
roKhens, who peremptorily demanded it from them, viii. 112. 

Hx(>a(>sYiToc 1, the people of Hx^a^n in the centre of AgKxbiy 
in the rLtKoirovv/iaog, iv. 148 ; viii. 73. 

Uocaoc^ycchocty one of the national divisions of the Ilg^xa/, 
i. 125. Bxl^g who commanded the naval expedition 
against Bx^kvi was of this national stock, iv. 167. 

IIaff/*>u7c, the father of QfoiaTog, ix. 97. 

UaTct, the Scythian expression for kill, iv. 110. 

UxTxixoi,— their images painted on the beaks of the vessels 
belonging to the <&oiviKeg, iii. 37. 

Umtxikos, the father of Aiunat^yi/^og, vii. 154. 

IIar«£«, r«, a town of Away east of and very near the 
mouth of the river BavQog, i. 182. 

TLetrecf&yiftiSy a noble AiyvnTiog, harshly and unjustly treated 
by king Anting, ii. 162. 

Harifytdyg, a Mw/og, who joined his brother 2/t^B/; in seizing 
on the empire of the Usqgcu, iii. 61 — 64. 

IloiTifici/xQrK, the charioteer of Ss^ng, vii. 40. 

TLctTovfAos, a town of Aqx&v situated at the northern extre- 
mity of the A(>eiG(o; xohxog, ii. 158. 

Xlar^ig, people inhabiting a sea-coast town and district in 
the western side of the A^a/iVj in the IlsloTovwog, 
i. 145. 

Huvaaviris, the son of KAso^Sootoj, vii. 204 ; ix. 64. He 
marches an army out of S^-a^ry? in the night-time, ix. 10. 
He commands the 'E*?i>jvs£ at nxara/a/, ix. 21, 46. The 
army are in distress from want of water, in consequence 
of which he assembles the generals and deliberates on re- 
treat, ix. 50, 51. He has a dispute with A/^o/^(pxQ?rog a *o- 
xwng respecting the propriety of retreating in the battle, 
ix. 53 — 57. He gains a signal victory at Hkcltclixi, ix. 60 
— 64. He rejects the advice of Ax^ttuv concerning the 
manner of avenging the death of Asaviong, ix. 78, 79. He 
orders a supper in the fashion of the TIfPaat, ix. 82. He 
dedicates a copper vessel at the mouth of the YlouTog, iv. 81 . 
He aims at the rv^etwig of 'E?.A«j, and is said to have mar- 
ried the daughter ofMsyac*?^', v. 32. On account of his 
haughty conduct the Srm^rarnn are deprived by the Ej\- 
"h^vig of the chief military power, viii. 3. 

YlxvaiKxi, a people of central Aoin> probably on the south 
shore of the Kuomy Qcthxoar,, iii. 92. 

TLxvaiQig, the son of A t uv^Txtog y iii. 15. 

Ilu^'huyoi/e:, a people of Aar/j on the coast of the Tlovrog 
Ev&tvog and bounded eastward by the river 'AAi/j, i. 6, 72. 



INDEX. cxxv 

— subdued by K£>o/ffo?, i. 28. — tributary to Augsiog, iii. 90. 
Their armour in the army of Sterns, vii. 72. 

rigS;ee?, a town or people of <&a>cig in the neighbourhood of 
the river KviQIoog, viii. 33. 

TluQciyofiing, a rv^ocuuog of the ILshiuovoioi, v. 46. 

TlaQa, a deity of the Afai/euot, viii. ill. 

HuatoTftctrog, the son of Nwra^, v. 65. 

the son of ' I^voKQocTvtg the leader of a faction op- 
posed to those of MsyctKhvig and AvxovQyog, expelled from 
K&nvcti, but afterwards restored in consequence of an 
alliance which he formed with the family of Msyotxterig, 
i. 59, 60. He is a second time expelled, but at length by 
the aid of the Agyeiot he obtains the power of AQnucct 
and establishes the rvQoiuvig, i. 61 — 63. He subdues Nagoj 
and purines Avi^og from pollution, i. 64. He banishes K/- 
ftai/ the father of M/AT/oe&wc, but again restores him on his 
having obtained a prize at OkvfAvtmi vi. 103 ; comp. vi. 35. 
His origin, v. 65. The UstatorgoiTihett expelled from A&yi- 
vou, V. 63—66. comp. 90. 

TUhaayixuv e&uoc, i. 56. UsKstayoi, — their language of a bar- 
baric character, i. 57. They were in more ancient times 
inhabitants of *2a/x,o9(>Yi'ixv) (where they instituted the o^ytoc 
of the KetGetgot), but afterwards became inhabitants of the 
same country as the AOvivoiioi, whom they taught to make 
statues of 'E^yig. Their gods had no names, ii. 51, 52. 
After their expulsion from Attwjj they inhabited Aypvog, 
vi. 137 — 140, — and I^Sgo;, v. 26. The AQnvutot were an- 
ciently a portion of them, and were called Kgetmot, viii. 44. 
Aqkdmss TL&uayoi, i. 146. Pelasgic wall at Afavxt, v. 64. 
Auretuh^og q TiiKuaytg, vii. 42. Tlihuayoi Aiyic&heeg in 
AxxitYi of the HiXoKouvwog, vii. 94. 
Tlihiiotlig (doves). Black doves at Aahtuvy, ii. 55. 
risTiAse, a town of BorTioui'g in Maxebovivi, vii. 123. 
TleXhwviy a town and district in the east of A#os/i>j in the Ilf- 

KoTrouuYiaog, i. 145. 
Tlekowouvwog, the southern peninsula of 'JLKkttg, inhabited by 
seven national tribes, and among them the AaQieeg, i. 56 ; 
viii. 31, 73. The greater part of it subject to the Aotxe- 
Zutftoutot, i. 68. The war between the UzXowovvwtoi and 
the Adyivocwi alluded to, vii. 137; ix. 73. 
nsAoi//, a <£>gv |, spoken of by AgrotZdvog as a slave of the Ilgg- 
out, vii. 11. Hs'ho'7rog rov Q^vyog xa^n, — the Tltk oKowwog 
so called, vii. 8. § 3. 
Jleudv^og, the son of Aypouoog and the general of the HciQioi, 

taken prisoner by the 'EA&w??, vii. 195. 
TlevTetToM, the confederate state of the Aayees previously 



cxxvi INDEX. 

to the exclusion of ' AhixxQVYVJoog, called 'EgaTroTw?, i. 144. 

Tlegyocfiov of Il^/a^oc, vii. 43. 

TleQye&fAog, a castle of the Tlxgeg in 0£>ji'>«7, vii. 1 12. 

Ilegd/x*}^, the ancestor of ApvuzYis and ATtffjaw&goj, v. 22. 
He flies with his brothers Txvctuyg and Aegoyrog from A^yo; 
into MciKs^ovt/i, which kingdom he obtains in a surprising 
manner, viii. 137 — 139. 

UsQicc^.'hec, a priestess (vrgofAuvTig) of the AsA<po/, corrupted 
by Ko€a», vi. 66. 

Tlsqicculpos the son of Ktn//gXoc, a rv^etwog of the KoyvGtoi, 
mild in the commencement of his reign, but afterwards 
cruel and severe by the advice of Q^uav^ovT^og the rvQecuuog 
of the Mfoyaioi, v. 92. He sends three hundred boys to 
^ecQhs to be castrated, iii. 48, 49. He married M&toaot, by 
whom he had two sons, iii. 60, — the youngest of whom he 
drove from his home and banished to Ksqkv^x, but after- 
wards recalled him in his old age, iii. 50—53. This woman 
MgX/o-o-os he slew and afterwards had sexual intercourse with 
her body, v. 92. He takes Evtlxvfjog, iii. 53. He informs 
®(>ot(rvQovlos of the oracle, i. 20. AgTau was miraculously 
preserved from drowning during his reign, i. 23, 24. 

Us^tKhvic, the son of UcwdeTTKog, — his ancestors, vi. 131. 

Ileg/Agfcjc, the general of the ILiKvaviot at the battle of Mvxx"Kyi, 
ix. 103. 

Hegtudog, a town of the Xs^ffowiaog Q^ixm on the Tl(>0'7rovTig, 
iv. 90; vi. 33. — taken by Mgya£«£o?, v. 2. The ~n.s%n>6ioi 
are defeated by the Hououeg, v. 1,2. Tv^oh^ot a town of 
the Uegtvdioi, vii. 25. 

Usgtotxoi, vi. 58. — Actxthaifiovioty ix. 11. 

Jls^^poturYi^iet, (sprinkling-vessels) : — two, one of gold and 
the other of silver, sent by Kgoiaog to Ask(poi, i. 51. 

UsQtffTs^eti (pigeons). White pigeons driven about by the 
Usgaot/, i. 138. 

Tls()xu*os, the daughter of XA&f and the wife of AYipoc^Tog, 
vi. 65. 

UsgxaTYi, a town on the Asiatic shore of the ' Etowzovrog, 
south of AQv^og and north of Aa^i^ajcoc, v. 117. 

Usgpct&oi, a people of Osoocthiy about the river Tlweiog, in 
whose district was the city Towog, vii. 128, 173. They 
surrender earth and water to the Tls^ui, vii. 132. 

listen, most anciently called by themselves Agrcctoi, by the 
'EAX^f? KyiQvivig, called Tlsgoui from TLs^vig the son of 
Tle%oivg y vii. 61, 150. They inhabit a bleak and rugged 
country, i. 71; ix. 122. comp. iv. 39. The different na- 
tional tribes of them, i. 125, — among whom the most noble 
were the A^cti^ivihui, i. 125. comp. iii. 65. The Ut^aut 



INDEX. cxxvii 

naturally quarrelsome, i. 89. They call the sky Zft>c and 
AtpgoliTY) Merges, i. 131. They hold fire to be a Deity, iii. 1 6. 
They worship rivers, i. 138. Their sacrifices, i. 132. They 
bury alive boys and virgins in honour of the subterraneous 
gods, vii. 114. comp. iii. 35. They celebrate their birth- 
days, i. 133. comp. ix. 110. They deliberate on the most 
important affairs when drunk, but determine when sober, 
i. 133. Their mode of salutation and general customs con- 
nected with social life, i. 134. Martial courage and a nu- 
merous progeny considered honourable by them, i. 136. 
For a single fault alone no one is capitally punished by 
their laws, i. 137. comp. vii. 194. The education of their 
boys and other customs, i. 137, 138. Their mode of bu- 
rial, i. 140. When in mourning they clip their hair and 
also that of their horses, ix. 24. All Persian proper names 
end in the same letter, i. 139. The Us^acti consider it as 
the highest insult to be called women s ix, 107. comp.ix. 20; 
viii. 88. They practise polygamy, i. 135, — and their wives 
have access to their husbands each in her proper turn, 
iii. 68, 69. They introduce their wives and mistresses at 
their suppers, v. 18. The Hegaxt anciently poor, i. 71. 
comp. ix. 122. They eat many sweetmeats, (^vrtipo^^etTot) 
and drink much wine, i. 133. comp. iii. 22 ; v. 18 ; ix. 82. 
They bestow care on their hair, iii. 12. Their military 
discipline and armour, v. 33, 49; vii. 61, 81, 84, 223. comp. 
i. 135. Their luxurious habits in the camp. ix. 80, 81. 
Hegaoct called AQauuroi, vii. 83. comp. 211. The Us^aui 
surround their camps with a wooden wall, ix. 65, 70,— 
with sharp stakes, ix. 97. The system of post established 
among them, viii. 98. Their clemency towards the sons 
even of rebellious kings, iii. 15. comp. i. 137. Their em- 
pire extends as far as Mount Kxvkugo;, iii. 97. It is di- 
vided by Aocgsios into twenty vo/xot or satrapies, iii. 89 — 96. 
i} nereis alone free from the payment of tribute, iii. 97. 
comp. i. 134. The Hewitt are subdued by ^xoqt^s under 
the power of the Mvihoi, i. 102. They revolt from Aarv- 
uyns, and obtain the sovereign power of Aat/i, i. 127—130. 
Their war with the Avht, i. 73 — 85. Their expedition 
into AiyvKTos, iii. 1 — 16. Their expedition against the 
2*v0*/, iv. 85—86, 120—127, 140—144. Their expedi- 
tion into AiQvyi, iv. 145, 167, 200 — 203. The Tlegoxi claim 
to themselves the possession of all Aain, i. 4; ix. 116. 
Their spies in lywvytYi reduced to servitude, iii. 138. Their 
ambassadors slain at a banquet in Moucelovivi, v. 20. Others 
at AfavHi and 2w#er>7 thrown into a pit and a well, vii. 133. 



cxxviii INDEX. 

The oracle of Bxtttg respecting the Tlegaxt, ix. 43. Their 

army at Hkxtxixi, ix. 30. 
Ile^asvg the son of Zsvj and Aavxn, said to be an Aaav^iog by 

the UsQaxt, — but an Aiyvnriog by his mother, vi. 53, 54; 

vii. 61, 150. His great temple and sandal (oxuHxXiou) in 

the town of Xefipig in A/yyzrros, «• 91. His watch-tower 

in the western part of the AsKrx in Aiyvxrog, ii. 15. 
Il££<p£££££ — held in high honour at Arfhog, iv. 33. 
Tleaooi, (the game of draughts ; — literally stones, — with which 

it was played,) i. 94. 
Ustqoh TgYixivtett, a ridge of mountains forming a part of the 

chain of 0/r>» in the south of Qsaox^ivi, vii. 198. 
nsT^j?, a village in the neighbourhood of Ko^iudog of uncer- 
tain locality, v. 92. 
n>j<Woc, a town in the interior of Kxqiyi east of MAjjto? and 

north of Mvhxcrx and ' A'hiKXQywog, v. 121. comp. viii. 194. 

The Tlvftxossg resist 'A^ofyo?, i. 175. They are allowed 

by the Tlspaxt to occupy the mountainous part of the yfitpn 

MfawiYi, VI. 20. ' Epporlpog was a linlxaivg, viii. 104. 
II>3?i£V£, — his abduction of 0sr/c, vii. 191. 
Uvihtov, a mountain of Mxyvww in (dtaooiht/i, at the foot of 

which Iwm built the ship Agya, iv. 179; vii. 129. 
TlrfKovoiov croftet, or mouth of the Ns/Aoc, ii. 17, 154; iii. 10. 
Unuttog, a large river in the north of Qsoox^iyi flowing between 

Mounts Ov*v{A7ros and Ooox, vii. 20, 128 — 130, 173, 182. 
Il>jvs?;o5n7, the mother of Uxv, ii. 145, 146. 
TIyixvc, a measure consisting of six hands' breadths, ii. 149. 

The regal %nxvg is three fingers' breadths longer than the 

common one, i. 178. The n/ixvg of the AiyvTrrioi is equal 

to that of the 'Zxfztot, ii. 1 68. 
TliyQYlS, the son of 2s^a/nog, vii. 98. 
FLtygYiS and MxvrvYjg brothers, Uxiousg, v. 1 2. 
Uis(>iYiy a district in the southern part of Moocilovr/i, vii. 13], 

177. Uifgsg, vii. 112, 185. Their castles, and likewise two 

gold and silver mines belonging to them on Mount JJxy- 

yxiog, vii. 112. TLiSQt «»j v-ioay, iv. 195. 
TlidvKot, (monkeys) in great quantities among the Tv^xureg, 

who eat them, iv. 194. 
IltKapog, a town between the peninsulas of Mount A&ag and 

2/&yw>7, vii. 1 22. 
Tlivtixpog, the poet, iii. 38. 
Tlivhog, a range of mountains forming the western boundary 

of QeoaxKiYi, i. 56; vii. 129. 
Hi^oihx^og of K<v&t/; in Kago?, who gave wise counsel to the 

Kxpeg, v. 118. 



INDEX. 



CXX1X 



Tlt^m, a fountain of Ko^n/fag, v. 92. 

TLtga/xig — ex, Hi^u^iog, ii. 143. 

Hlcoc, a town on the north bank of the river A?\<pivg in Hhig 
of the TLs'KoTrouvyiaoSi ii. 7. 

TLiGTv^og, a town of 0£»ji'>oj near the river Nforoc, where was 
a salt lake full offish, vii. 109. 

UtrecuYiy a town of Atoxig, north of and near the mouth of 
the river Ku'ixog, i. 149. 

a tribe of Amxmixyi, iii. 55. Apo/atpugeTog was a Ao%)j- 

yo.c of the Hit uvriT on, ix. 53. 

n/TTocxo? of MiTv"Kwn, who craftily deterred Kgotaog from 
making war upon the luvsg of the islands, i. 27. 

Uirvg (the pine), which after having been once lopped puts 
out no new shoots, vi. 37. 

UXocxfy, an Asiatic town of the ' EtoYiGKourog founded by the 
Hshctoyot, i. 57. 

HhcArscixif a celebrated town of Botany. — The TLKuruteeg 
when pressed by the Q^uto: gave themselves up to the 
A0Y}uettot; they assisted the A&nvxto: at the battle of Moc- 
Qocd&tv, vi. 108. They fought in the fleet of the AQwouoi 
at A^re/Matou, viii. 1, — but were not present at the battle 
of 1<&hx,pig t viii. 44. Their city burnt, viii. 50. Six hun- 
dred of them in the army of the 'EKhnveg, ix. 28. The de- 
scent of the 'EKhrjVig into the yn Il7\ce.rxt'ig y ix. 25. The 
battle of Il^otrxiui, ix. 53—57, 59—69. 

TLKoiTocuto-Tog, (the plane-tree, Platanistus orientalis,) — vj Xgv- 
at-n, vii. 27. One covered with golden ornaments by %eg%r.g> 
vii. 31. A widely spreading plane-tree, v. 119. 

U'KoiTioc, an island on the coast of A&vy a little east of Kt/- 
qyivyi, colonized by the Qn^ocioi, iv. 151 — 153, 156, 169. 

Hhao-Tctpxog, the son of Asavilvig, ix. 10. 

Uteio-TUffog, a local deity of the Aiptvdtot, ix. 119. 

TZhi'jQi'jYiTng xohnog, a bay of A&vn forming the western 
boundary of AtyvTtrog, ii. 6. 

TLkoog (a voyage). A day's voyage 70,000 opyutett or 700 
(rrcchcc — a night's voyage 60,000 o^yvtxt or 600 areihu, 
iv. 86. Long voyages first undertaken by the ®oiulx,sg, i. 1; 
— who circumnavigated A&vn by order of Nexus king of 
Atyvxrog, iv. 42. Long voyages of the Kfle^uBov/o/, iv. 43, 
— of the touKUMs, i. 163. ^octuokvis circumnavigates 
A&vvi by order of Seg|«ff, iv. 43. Ixv'ha.^ a Koc^vuuhvg 
circumnavigates \vhm, iv. 44. Voyage up the NeAo? and 
description of the country on its banks, ii. 29 — 31, 96, 
Voyage up the Ev<p£jjr>jc, i. 194. 

nxvyof, a harbour of AiQvyi east of Kv%yi»yi and in the terri- 
tory of the Alv^oc-^ilui, iv. 168. 
[ " ] 



exxx INDEX. 

IloiKi'hvis, the father of Ms^Qkim^^ iv. 147. 

JIoTneilvig, the father of AftoptQupros, ix. 53. 

TLdXtXvlrut, people inhabiting a town near the western ex- 
tremity of K^/irr,, vii. 1 70. 

Tlohos, (the earth's axis,) the knowledge of it received by the 
'EAA-^ygc from the BxQv'hcoytot, ii. 109. 

Hohvocg of AvTixvgYi, the spy of the 'TLKKnvsg at Agreftiaiov, 
viii. 21. 

HoKvZog, the grandfather of Al^aro;, v. 67. 

TloKvhiKTYigy a king of 2^*^, viii. 131. 

IIoAyd<w^oc, the son of AXxa^gy/j?, vii. 204. 

the grandfather of Actio;, v. 59. 

Jlo^vK^xTYiCy the son of Aixxo; a king of See^oj, who over- 
came the AiaZiot and Ma*?0vo< in a naval fight, the pledged 
guest (ffyo*-) of ApoLotc, — his ring thrown into the sea and 
afterwards found in the belly of a fish, iii. 39 — 43. He 
sends some of his refractory and suspected citizens into 
Aiyv-rcToz to the aid of KcaiaQvod;, iii. 44, 45. He repulses 
the AaxsHcupoyioi who had come to besiege 2xf*o;, iii. 54, 
55. He coined leaden money and gilded it, iii. 56. He 
tries to obtain the chief naval power, iii. 39, 122. He is 
enticed to Sse^ci/? by the hope of money, and is crucified 
there by Oqoityis, iii. 120 — 125. The intimate friend of 
Avolkqiuv, iii. 121. 

TIoKvk^itos of AtylvYi, who fought bravely at the battle of 
~2ofhx/*h, viii. 92, 93. 

TIo'hvftvYivTog, a Qn^uto;, the father of Bocttos, iv. 150, 155. 

TLo'hvi'stx.Yis, iv. 147 ; vi. 52; ix. 27. 

TIoutikou, a kind of tree not certainly known, iv. 23. 

Uoutoz Ev%stuo$, iv. 38, 46. Its dimensions, iv. 85, 86. 

Uo^ctTcCy a river of IkvOiky), called by the 'EAAi^f? Uvgerns, 
flowing southward into the lar^og, iv. 48. 

Jlo^fiYi't'oc K/fA/xfQict, a town of KifA/usgiy on the Boo-To^og 
Kippsyoc;, iv. 12, 45. 

Tloasthcjv, the shaker of the earth, said to have split the 
mountains of Qsaax^iri, vii. 129. He contends with A&jjoj 
for the government of Attikyi, viii. 55. He receives the 
surname of 2aT)7£, vii. 192. — unknown to the Ar/vx-riot, 
but always worshipped by the AtZveg, ii. 50. The AiZvsg 
uofiuhg sacrifice to him, iv. 188. — worshipped by the Zxu- 
6ott under the name of QccfAipcuaot^otg, iv. 59. Uooiihiau 
' EXiKuuiog, i. 148. A temple of Tloastfcai/ at Horibctia., 
viii. 129. His altar at the Ia0pog, viii. 123. A copper 
statue of him seven KYixssg high, ix. 81. 

Tloasihy'iovj a frontier town of KiKikiyi and Sv^nj, iii. 91. 

UoostlcJi/iYiTYis otung, i. 167. 



INDEX. cxxxi 

TLoaetZtMtos, a SirugnviTiis, — buried among the ipw$, ix. 71, 
85. 

TLorilcavi, a town of MctKzlovm very near the peninsula of 
Jloc^.'hYivn, vii. 123. It is unsuccessfully besieged by Aqtx~ 
Q&i/o;, viii. 126 — 129. 

HoTuicc. /, (the revered, meaning the Furies) ;— their temple at 
Mvxu'kvjy ix. 97. 

IIga/070/, the inhabitants of a town (JlgHiaos) in the south- 
eastern part of K^tjj, vii. 170, 171. 

XlQxaiois TitftuY), a lake of Q^'ikvi very near the river ^Tpvpuv, 
v. 16. 

TLqs<t£v$s, (old people,) held in particular honour among the 
Atyv^-rtoij ii. 80. — butchered among the lulot, Hi. 99. — and 
the MxoaocyiToci, i. 216. 

II^ftfffTnjf, a messenger of Ko^SSo-jj;, and held in high ho- 
nour by that monarch, iii. 34, — whose brother he puts to 
death at his command, iii. 30. Kui&vavi<; when mad kills 
his son with an arrow, iii. 33, 34. When suspected by 
Kap&vaYis he discovers to him the treacherous plans of the 
false S^ggVc, iii. 62, 63. He disowns having murdered 
^peghs the son of Kt5^oj, iii. 66. He betrays the Mctyoi 
with whom he had leagued himself, and throws himself 
from a high tower. He was a man of high character du- 
ring his life, and more so in his death, iii. 74, 75. 

another, the son of KanaQivnu an admiral in the fleet 

of 3sq%yis, vii. 97. 

Tlpyfeihmsy the father of Suuuyo^gy ix. 107. 

U^ii/os, the captain of a vessel from Tgotgw, vii. 179. 

U^tstpog, — his kingdom overthrown by the 'ElO\weg t j, 4. 
comp. ii. 120. Il()tocp,ov UzQyoif&ov in the yn Tgaotj, vii. 43. 

U()tYiuY], a city of the lausg in Kot^w, west of MMvjtoj and ad- 
jacent to the promontory of Mt/*a?iw, i. 142. — taken by 
Apivg, i. 15. The II^yii/sss are reduced to slavery by Moc- 
typyiU !• 161. They were in the army of the luueg at M*- 
a»jtoc, vi. 8. 

Tl(>ivYiToihy>s, the son of Ayi/^oc^svos, v. 41. 

Tl^ocToty (sheep)— sacred to the sun at AnoT^havm, ix. 93. 

H%oKhYi5, the son of AyaTohftos, the twin-brother of Evgvir- 
OivYis, and the parent of the inferior house of kings of 
2*-*gT)i, vi. 51, 52; viii. 131. comp. iv. 147. 

— another, a rv^ecuuo; of Er^otvgo?, taken prisoner by 
Tle£t»vh£Og ) iii. 50, 52. 

TIqokomyioos, an island of the IIgoxoz<r^, iv. 14, — laid waste 
by the Q?omk£s, vi. 33. Aquttsyk was a T1(>okou!>wio;, iv. 13 
—17. 

[ iS 1 



cxxxii INDEX. 

TL%op,Yi0ivsy — his wife Aotvi, iv. 45. 

Yl^ounh Ahv»nn t — her temple among the AfXpo/, i. 92; 

viii. 37. 39. 
TUQovovTis,— its dimensions,-— in width 500 arethiet, in length 

1400 <7T«k, iv. 85. 
Il£o<ro&o/, (revenues) of the Persian empire first raised in 

taxes by Aocgzios, — amounting to 9,540 Euboic talents, 

iii. 90 — 95. The revenues of the A8nvu.tot from the mines 

of Ao&vgfiou, vii. 144, — of Ate%avfyo; from a silver mine 

near the lake IlQeeatocs, v. 17.— of the Bxaioi from mines in 

their island and at 2xaorr>j 'T?m, vi. 46. 
Uooaa^iTig, an island of Atyvnog formed by two mouths of 

the NeAoc, ii. 41. It was one of the voy.oi or presidencies 

of AiyvTTog, ii. 165. 
li^vrocvriiov, — a building of Afavcti, i. 146; vi. 139. The 

A%,uioi call their •7T(>vroc,vr{iou "hriirov, vii. 197. 
U^vrcivTs, (supreme magistrates) of the NotKgxgoi, v. 71. 
U^vtuuic, a king of 27t*^t>? t viii. 131. 
Hgcoreofteag, — his sepulchre and shrine at 'E'heuov; plundered 

by AgrxvATYig, vii. 33; ix. 116. 
TL^urevs of Mf^^/c, a king of Aiyvzrog, during whose reign 

Meuftea; went with ' Ebivv into AiyvxTog, ii. 112—116. 
UgtoTo&VYig, a *2.kv0yi$, i. 103. 
Un^iY], a small district and town in the north of Kecwet- 

Iokiyi, — taken by K^aiao;, i. 76. 
TLrf^oi (feathers): — the ground and air covered with them 

in the most extreme northern regions of Ev^ny, iv. 7, 3 1 . 
TItuov, a temple of A-ro^'Kav belonging to the Q*Zxtot, on a 

hill to the north-east of the Kairuig "hipvn, viii. 135. 
ni/>*yog>7/, vii. 213, 214. 
Tlvkxi. See Qi^y.o'xvhtt.t. 
Tlvhtoi KuvKuvig, people of Aain on the southern coast of the 

TTovroc Ev^nuoc, i. 147. Koh^og and UsiataTQXTog were 

originally IIi/Tuo/, v. 65. 
Uvdocyo(>YiSy the son of Mv^agxor, distinguished among the 

'EKhYivtg for the high cultivation of his mina, iv. 9o. ,?omp. 

ii. 81 ; iv. 94, 95. 

another, of M/A>jto?, v. 126. 

TlvQw;> of Aiyiyy, the son of la^^oog, taken by the TLsgoxt, 

and respected for his valour, vii. 181 ; viii. 92. His son 

AccftTrau, ix. 78. 

another, of A€W«, the son of Ni/^£o(ta£o;, vii. 137. 

U.vl)e$fto<; of <&uK.xioc t the ambassador of the lave; at Srajr/;, 

i. 152. 
Tlvdir) (the priestess of the AsA<po/), bribed by the AQyvatoi, 



INDEX. cxxxiii 

.62. comp. v. 90.— -bribed by KoGau, vi. 66. See X^- 

Hvdioi, among the iKccgTtvjrui, vi. 57. 

Plvdiog, a AySo£, the son of Art/?, who entertained Sefas 

and his army, vii. 27—29. Ssq&s orders his son to be cut 

in two, vii. 38, 39. 
TLv&oysuYis a Iwdns, the brother of c l5r?ro*gaT)j?, vi. 23. 
TLvQa, the city of the Azh(poi in the centre of <3>ax,ts, i. 54. 
IIvAo?, a sea-coast town in the west of Aa.x.miKn or Meawvtvi, 

vii. 168. 
another, a town of Htuj on a small river (A«3«,) which 

flows into the Hyidsios, ix. 34. 
IIt/g«i«/&ffe (pyramids) at MepQts, ii. 8. The pyramid of king 

Xeoi//, and the mode of building it described, ii. 124, 125. 

Another of king Ke<p^u, ii. 127. The pyramids of the 

shepherd <&ihniuv, ii. 128. A pyramid of king Muksqcjos 

of the 7u0os AtQtowtKos, ii. 134.— of Aav%'s made of tiles, 

ii. 136. One in a corner of the KuQvgtvOog adorned with 

carved figures, ii. 148. comp. ii. 101. 
Uv^yos, a town of the Mivvou in Hhtg, of the TLsTiovowmaos 

destroyed by the Hteiot, iv. 148. 
TIvqstos, a river of ^kv&ikyi, flowing southward into the lor^os, 

iv. 48. 
Uv%Yim t a town in the centre or western part of Ei/g&Tw, 

where were said to be the sources of the Ng/Xoc, ii. 33. 
Tlayav, a harbour of the T^oifyuiot in A^yoT^tg of the IIsAo- 

yrovvYiaos, and on the ^u^uvikos koKtcos, viii. 42. 



Pethvecms, a kind of oil so called by the Ttegaect, vi. 119. 
Pccpipiuiros, a king of Aiyv7rros whose treasury was plun- 
dered by his two brothers, ii. 121. His descent to cuius, 

ii. 122. 
Pu-tyaloi (public declaimers of verses, particularly of the 

' OfAYi^ttx evex) suppressed at Luvau, v. 67. 
Pnyiov, a town at the extreme south-western point of Italy, 

i. 166, 167. 'Pnyivot, — their complete defeat, vii. 170. 
Pyivsyi, an island of the liovros Aiyouog near^A^o?, vi. 97. 
Poloc, (roses) of excellent scent and having sixty leaves each, 

viii. 138. 
Pobo<7ry y a mountain of ®gtiiw forming a branch of the chain 

of Mount c Aifcos extending north-west from near the mouth 

of the river c E€go?, iv. 49 ; viii. 116. 
Polo;, a city of the Arises on an island of the same name 



cxxxiv INDEX. 

on the coast of Kcc^iyi, ii. 178. q xxrcc 'Polou QxKxoox, 

i. 174. The Aiulioi from this island founded Taw in 2<- 

Kihtin, vii. 153. 
1 Fdhairtg, a celebrated courtezan, ii. 1 35. Her pyramid, ii. 1 34, 

135. She presented gifts at the temple of the Aefc^o/, 

ii. 135. 
f FotKog, an architect, Hi. 60. 
'Ponsiovy a town of the yy Traces on the southern shore of 

the c Ea*>j<7xo!/toc near its entrance, vii. 43. 
' Pi/ore;, a city in the north-east of A-^xiin in the Tl&.onovvnaog, 

i. 145. 

2. 

2«€«x<yv, a king of the Aidtoxsg who subdued A/yt/7rro 5 -, — 
his achievements in that country, ii. 137, 138, 152. He is 
terrified by a dream, and consequently returns into AtQio- 
7r(riy ii. 139. 

2*€ifltXoff of T&y, vii. 1 54. 

2xyx^rtot, a nomadic tribe of Ilf^a/, in central Any, i. 125. 
Their tribute, iii. 93. Their armour in the army of 3e^g, 
vii. 85. 

2uZvuttyis, the son of A^v?, a king of Av&v, i. 16, 18. 

2«<V, a city of Atyvrrog between the Canobic and Sebennytic 
branches of the ISsfr.og, and south-west of BovaiQig, ii. 28, 
59, 163, 170. Ix'irw voy.og, a military presidency of A*- 
yvicrog, ii. 165. The burial of their kings in the temple of 
AQyiuxiyi, ii. 169. ^.xitikqu aro t ux of the 'Sst'Kog, ii. 17. 

Ixkxi, a people of central Aoir h north-east of the Bxktqioi, 
and near the sources of the A^x^r,g (or O|o? of 1t^x%^j), 
— a nation of LkvOcci, vii. 64. Kv^og had an intention of 
subduing them, but was not able to carry it into effect, 
i. 153. — They are tributary to Ax^uog, iii. 93. Their ar- 
mour in the army of Ss^ng, vii. 64. These people were 
also called LkvGxi Apv^yioi. 

'SxXxpig, an island on the western coast of Attixvi in the Sa- 
ronic bay, — a place of refuge to the Adwxioi when Ss^r.g 
invaded Att/jcjj, viii. 56. The battle of 'ZxKxpTc, viii. 84 
— 92, — fought on the same day as the battle in which 
Ap.iK*xg was conquered by TgAwv in Sotftafc vii. 166. 

. a principal city in the island of Kvirgog, iv. 162; v. 104. 

2«A>7, a town of 'Sx/xofyrJKYi in the Ilovrog Atyxto;, vii. 59. 

'Zx^uvhyiaaog, a town on the eastern coast of Q^iy./i on the 
UouTog Et/gs/j/o?, iv. 93. 

^xfio&^YiiKYi, an island of the UouTog Aiyxiog, north-west of 
Avipyog, vi. 47. The Ushxayoi were more anciently inha- 



INDEX. cxxxv 

bitants of this island, ii. 51. The Sxftofywxeg are expert 
javelin-men, viii. 90. 2a^Qriixia, raru^a, vii. 108. 

S^o?-, a large island of the llovrog Atyaiog on the coast of 
Avhy,—- belonging to the lavs?, i. 142. Three stupendous 
works in this island, an aqueduct cut through a high moun- 
tain, an embankment, and a very large temple, iii. 60. 
comp. ii. 148. The <py?v»j Kwyj^tam of the 2«^/o/, iii. 26. 
The dialect of the 2*^/o/, i. 142. The 2apioi stole a gob- 
let from the Aaxsluipovtoit i. 70 ; iii. 47. Their tiresome 
speech to the Aaxslat^outoit iii. 46. The expedition of 
the Aux&oci/aovtoi against the 2a^tot and their rv^awog 
UoXvxgotTYis, iii. 39, 54 — 58. Their island is laid waste by 
the Lls^ai and given up to 2v\oauu by Aa^etog, iii. 139 
— 149. A party of the 2ap,iot after the battle of Mfryrog 
migrate into 2/Kduv and took possession of Zayxhn after 
having conquered its inhabitants, vi. 22, 23. The 2apiot 
solicit the 'JLKhnusg during their sittings at Avfhog to libe- 
rate lauiYiy ix. 90 — 92. They become suspected by the 
lis^aai and are deprived of their arms, ix. 99. 

2afcv^tg t a various reading in the old editions, vi. 127. See 

AfCVQtg. 

2a.u t a letter of the Ao)£iseg corresponding to the aiyftu, of 

the Yavzsy i. 139. 
"2oc.ucc%oi(>i£o£, a king of the AgaQtoi and Amvqio:, who invaded 

AiyvKTo;, but was miraculously defeated, ii. 141. 
2»uha.uig a Avlog, who endeavoured to dissuade K^otaog from 

making war on the Uegoxt, i. 71. 
"2oe.vlax.Yigt the son of ©a.^a.atog, one of the king's judges, cru- 
cified by order of Aa^stog, but afterwards released, vii. 194. 
2ctvyi, a town of Qgw'xYi near the ivQpog of Mount Adcog, vii. 22, 

123. 
2*3-0<m, the celebrated poetess, ii. 135. 
2a.tia.yya.it a people of central A<7/>?, tributary to Axgsiog, 

iii. 93, 117. Their armour in the army of &e$ns, vii. 67. 
^a^auavaXhag, (some of the MSS. and most of the editions 

have la^avaicakog}, a king of Nf;/o?,— his subterraneous 

treasury plundered, ii. 150. 
SagBff, a celebrated city of Avlw on the river Uaxra^og. — 

taken by the K/^fg/o/, i. 15,— taken by Kvgog, i. 84,—- 

burnt by the lausg, v. 101, 105. The'H^ax^sdaf kings of 

2a$tg y of whom Ayqav was the first, i. 7. The Meg,u»xZut 

of whom Kgoiaog was the last, i. 7. 
2o.qIouixo» hivoift ii. 105. 2a$uvixov is found in some MSS. 

Larcher conjectures 2a.^hvivou. 
2*$ouiou KiKotyogt that part of the Mediterranean sea which 

is in the neighbourhood of the island of 2*g3«, i. 166. 



cxxxvi INDEX. 

1u^7rY]loviy, »}6(>yi, a promontory of G^wkyi west of the 'Eh^n- 
07touto$, between it and the town of AogiaKos, mentioned 
by 'H^oSotoj- only, vii. 58. 

2x(>'7rrihcov and Mtuug, the sons of Ev^asn?, i. 1 73. 

2*£T>7, a town on the peninsula of Mount AQug, vii. 122. 

2ota'7rsi^c J a people of central Aar/i, situated between the 
Ko^xoi and the Mrihoi, and north-west of the "MctTiyvoi, 
i. 104; iii. 94; iv. 37, 40. Their armour in the army of 
Ss^tis, vii. 79. 

SctToiaTrris, of the family of the Axciipsvioui, ordered to sail 
round AiQvyi. He did not obey, and was in consequence 
crucified, iv. 43. 

2*t£<*/, an inland people of O^n'um, vii. 110, 111. 

2c&TTxyv%xt, a people of central Aain, iii. 91. 

Iccv'htog, a king of the 2x,v0cu, iv. 76, 77. 

"SotvgoftocToiiy a nation of 'S.KvOcct, mixed with the A/ax^on:, 
iv. 1 10 — 116. — situated about the Ktpyri Mafc/^r/j, and east 
of the T«j/a/c, iv. 21. They spoke a corrupt dialect (too- 
"hotKi^ov) of the Scythian language, iv. 1 1 7. 

2s©£j/j/vt>7? vopog, a military presidency of AiywrTog, ii. 166. 

SeZevvvTtKov crop,*, of the Ne/>o?, the centre mouth of that 
river joining the sea a little below the city Bov7u, ii. 1 7. 

"Zslihafto;, the father of Uty^r,;, vii. 98. 

^.ihlvovaioi, the inhabitants of ScA/rov?, a town on the south- 
western side of ItxOun, v. 46. 

2f&yz/, a king of Aiyvz-To; and a priest of ' K^cctaTo;, who 
gained a signal victory over the Aaov^ioi ; — his statue, 
ii. 141. 

2sX}ji/)7, (the moon) prevents the AccKibutpouiot from assisting 
the A6yivocioi, vi. 106. The IliQaui worship the moon, 
i. 131, — also the AtZveg, iv. 188. The moon a prognosti- 
cator among the TLsgaxt according to the discipline of the 
Mezyot, vii. 37. The festival of the moon among the A<- 
yvxTioi) ii. 47. 

?.s(&o)vi; ^ipvn, a lake forming the eastern boundary of At- 
yv7rTos, ii. 6 ; iii. 5. 

Sfg<$/of, (the inhabitants of the island 2<p0ioc, one of the 
KvkKolIss in the JJouto; Ar/otto;,) in the fleet of the 'Ex- 
■hnvig at 2aX« 1 «fc, viii. 46, 48. 

SegtetAft, an Hellenic town on the western side of the penin- 
sula of 2/0«w»! 1 vii. 122. 

li^pnovy a celebrated promontory of Qomkyi, a little east of 
Mxnuvacc, and west of the river ' Eejo;, vii. 59. 

2:<r 1 yi7T£/£, a celebrated king of AiyvTTTog, ii. 102. He crossed 
the continent of Aotv\ and invaded EvQU7rn with a large 
army. He subdued the Zkv0u( and SguFxift ii. 103. His 



INDEX. cxxxvii 

pillars, inscriptions, and other monuments in UechutaTlpyj 

'Zvpiyi and other places, ii. 106. 
^YfavtyiYi, a town of 0^i'«>j on the TL^qkovtis east of HtyvOog, 

vi. 33. 
2)57T£/of, a town of A^yohi; in the TL&ovovvyiaos not far from 

Tt(>vvc;, vi. 77. 
2>j5nef£, an extent of shore and promontory of Mccyvviatri in 

0£<r<r«A;i7, vii. 183, 186, 188, 191, 195. 
Iwotpoiy (Sesamum orientale), a leguminous plant— which 

grows to a surprising height in the %ooy BuQv*ui//y), 

i. 193. 
2wTos, a town of the Xegaovwrog ©gui*/)?, opposite Agsdoj, 

iv. 143; vii. 33. — besieged by the 'EAA^v??, ix. 114 — 120. 
2/yyo<r, a town on the eastern side of the peninsula of 2<&u- 

uw, vii. 122. 
2/yg/oj/, a town of the yv\ Tquotg in A<7/« on the river 'Sxocpctv- 

fy°S> — taken away from the MvTfoyvxiot by IIf/wrg«rof, 

v. 65, 94. 
a promontory near the town of the same name last 

mentioned, iv. 38. 
2/y^ee ; — all the names of the Tls^cct end with this letter, 

i. 139. 
Iiyvvvui, a people north of the laroos, of uncertain position, 

v. 9. The word 'Siyvuuoti has other significations among 

other people, ibid. 
2/<W, a city of <t?otviKY) on the eastern coast of the Hellenic 

(or Mediterranean) sea, and north of Tv£o<c,ji. 116; iii. 136. 

The ships from this city were the best in the navy of 

Se^?, vii. 99; 100, 128. 
liKctviYi ; — the island of 2/*e?w>9 was most anciently so called, 

vii. 170. 
2/**<r, the father of Kv&quioxos, vii. 98. 
2/%£?w>7, vii. 170. 
liKiwog, the domestic slave and tutor of the sons of ©qec/cr- 

roKhi yis,— sent to Bsq&s, viii. 75,— again, viii. HO. 
l,iKvo)Uy a city in the northern part of the Ils'ho'z-owwos near 

the Iff^o?, — its tvqocvuos Rhsurfcvyis, v. 67,^ 68. The 2;- 

xvuuio: joined with the AuKiluipovtoi in laying w g te Ag- 

yo'htg, vi. 92. They were in the army of the 'Eh7w»e$ at 

TlhetTouxt, ix. 28. 
2i7i*uos, taken in the gardens of M/3»?, viii. 138. The skin 

of LiMvos Mot^vni made into a wine skin and hung up in 

the city of Kthutvai in <3?(>vyiYi, vii. 26. 
ZtKXuvvttet, (the Palma Christi),— their fruit used for lamps 

instead of oil, ii. 94. 
li-kQiov, a plant of which there were two kinds;— that here 



cxxxviii INDEX. 

mentioned, the African variety, is the Ferula tingitana, 
iv. 169, 192. 

^paiulins the Kw'og, v. 102, — the son of AiavQsvryig, — his epi- 
gram, vii. 228. 

2woo/, a people of A<r/» immediately east of the BoffTrogoj 
Kifcpegios, iv. 28. 2/^S/»jj, iv. 86. 

2/t/So.c, a town of Mvyhoviy in Metxehour/iy vii. 1 23. 

S/yas-q, a town of A<7/>j on the southern coast of the Uovrog 
Et/gg/i/o.c, a little west of the river 'Ahvg, i. 76; ii. 34 ; 
iv. 12. 

2/£/?, a sea-coast town of IraPww, belonging to the Adnuuto/, 
viii. 62. Accftciacg was a 2/^rrtfs, vi. 127. 

another, a town of lietiovm in 0£jjpcj7, viii. 1 1 5. The 

2^o5r«*o*f.c were led away into Aar/i by MsyxZotgog, v. 15. 

2/go^/rg)7c, the son of Oto€x£og the general of the JJccqikca- 
uioi, vii. 68. — the father of Mcto-io-nog, vii. 79. 

"2i()afios of Kvkqos, the father of Xf^a/g-, v. 104. 

another, of Tv^og, the father ofMarw, vii. 98. 

2/ff«^i/)j5, the father of Oroimg, a royal judge, killed and 
flayed by KoiftQvaYis, v. 25. 

another, the son of 'TfiagvYig, the general of the A gut, 

vii. 65. 

ItctfAXKvis, a general of the TLego-xt, v. 121. 

'StruhKYig, a king of the @gwas*?, iv. 80; vii. 137. 

2/ot/(p, a town of Aiyvirrog in the r/<Y*os 2«tir>jc, (conjectured 
by Rennel to be the same as the modern Saiiafe on the 
east bank of the Canopic branch or canal,) ii. 172. 

27roc, (bread,) made from the fruit of the palm-tree by the 
BxSvTiaviot, i. 193. Bread sk rav o*.v(>av (supposed by 
Sprengel to be the Triticum spelta) among the Aiywxnoi, 
ii. 77, — also from the Aaroc, ii. 92. A marvellous story 
probably referring to the leavening of bread, viii. 137. 
Bread called in the language of the Qoyytg fisvog, viii. 137. 

Sxcciog, a boxer, — who dedicated a tripod in the temple of 
Awotocdv at €>>?€es/, v. 60. 

^Kecfictv^os, a river of the yn T^ctg, v. 65. Its waters were 
insufficient to supply the army of Se^Yig, vii. 42. 

jZxotf&xvtpavvf6og t the father of X#£#fo£, ii. 135. 

2x«67rr)7 TAjj, a town on the coast of QgYi'ix/i near A£5*7£«, 
where were gold mines, vi. 46. 

"SxixOog, an island of the Uovrog Aiyu.iog t near A^rsy.taiovy 
vii. 179, 182, 183; viii. 7. 

2*;d£oc, a town of the 'ZvQctgirc&t in Ir»*r/i 3 of uncertain po- 
sition, vi. 21. 

2*/oc, a river of 2»i/0/J6» flowing northward into the largo;, 
iv. 49. Larcher gives OioKog as the right reading. 



INDEX. cxxlil 

Zkiqxs A^wae/u, — her temple at 2«A«pfc viii. 94, 

Struts, a road or pass at the W^o ff of Ko^dog, viii. 71 

2k/t«*, the domestic slave of Ajy*ox»j3>K, iii. ISO. 

2*/«i% a town on the western side of the peninsula of n*A- 
Ajji/jj, vii. 123. 

SxoAoa-oe/?, a small river of Any near Uywi and M/Autoj. 
and north of the Mcttxtyog, ix. 97. 

2xoAo™-the name by which the 2xt/0*< called themselves, 
iv. 6. 

2*o9raSoe/, a people of (dsaaxhtviy vi. 127. 

2kv*ukvi, a town of the IlsAaayo* on the southern shore of 
the HQ07FouTtg t i. 57. 

2xt/Aaf , of Kagvuitlos, who explored the river lulog and the 
Egw0g>7 &a,"ha.aon y iv. 44. 

*— — another, the captain of a ship from Mvj£o?, v. 33. 

2xyA>??, the son of Agix^uGrig a king of the 2kv0ui, who imi- 
tated the manners of the ' Eaa>?s/£-, and was in consequence 
deprived of his kingdom, iv. 78 — 80. 

2xvAA/>7£ of 2x/<y^jj, a diver who is said to have betrayed the 
counsels of the Usqreu to the 'Eaa^sj just before the bat- 
tle of ApTsptaiov, viii. 8. 

2xt/£/os• (of 2xygo?) Tlufij&avy vii. 183. 

2xvgfiAiei$eti, a people in the east of Gqyi'ikyi, who surrendered 
themselves to Ax^tog during his expedition against the 
2%vl«/, iv. 93. 

"2KV0VIS, the son of 'HgaxAij?, iv. 10. 

another, a petty king of the Zxyxhxiot, who fled to 

Actios and was judged by him to be the most just of the 
'EAAi^, vi. 23, 24. 

another, the father of Kxbpog the Kaog, vii. 163. 

2xy^/x)7, a very extensive tract of country in northern Ev- 
(>6oxy), reaching from the largos as far as the Txux'ig, and 
bounded northward by the Aya^^o/, Avl%o(pxyot, Bovlivo/, 
&c, iv. 99. It is nearly of a square form, two sides of 
which come down to the sea, iv. 101. Its rivers, iv. 47, 
57. It is nearly destitute of wood, iv. 61, — and is a flat 
country, iv. 47. The grass of this country has an especial 
tendency to promote the secretion of bile in cattle, (sartv 
STriyfiKurxrn nxotav noteau rav y/xetg t^ f4.su), iv. 58. 
ILkvQoii, — called by themselves 2xoAoto/, iv. 6, — called 2mxcti 
by the Usqgxi, vii. 64. Their own account of their origin 
and descent, iv. 5 — 7. That of the r EAAy,i/s? of the Tlovrog 
respecting them, iv. 8 — 10. Their national divisions, Av- 
%xrxi, Kxrixgot, TLxgxT^xrxi, or B&wAw'o/, (comp. iv. 57). 
Tgettnrtts, iv. 6. KxKhiKilxi or 'EAAjji/ej Ikv&xi, iv. 17. — 
ctQorviQes, iv. 17, 18 — yeuQyoi, iv. 53, 54. — vopxfog, iv. 19, 
55 ; vi. 84. — Apv%yioi, not properly 2xv8eu, vii. 64. Un- 



cxl INDEX. 

certain accounts of the population of Sxvduv), iv. 81. The 
deities of the *2x,vdeci and their religious rites, iv. 59 — 63. 
Their method of divination, iv. 67. Their warlike institu- 
tions, iv. 64 — 70. Their method of burying their kings, 
iv. 71, 72, — their private fellow-countrymen, iv. 73. Their 
dislike of foreign manners, iv. 76 — 80. They do not buy 
slaves, iv. 72. They blind their slaves; — why? iv. 2. 
They are addicted to drunkenness, whence the adage zm- 
cKvOtaov, vi. 84. The IkvQoli are subdued by liamrgi;, 
ii. 103. Their meeting and pacific convention with the 
Aftoc^ove;, iv. 110 — 115. The 2xvdou voiictos; of Amy when 
pressed by the Mocatrayercit expel the K/^^/o/ from their 
settlements, iv. 11. comp. i. 15,— and whilst in pursuit 
of them advance as far as Mv&kyi/iv. 12. comp. vii. 20. 
After the conquest of MyiIixyi they obtained the sovereign 
power of all Aov>j, and set out for Atyv7cro;, plundering on 
their way the temple of AtpgohlTYi Ovqxvtn at AoKoiKau. 
They were afterwards expelled from A<ny by Kux^cc^n;, 
after having occupied it twenty-eight years, i. 103—106; 
iv. 1. On their return they are opposed by the children 
of their wives resulting from their connection with the 
slaves, but eventually subdue them, iv. 1 — 4. Kvx^etgn; 
makes war on them on account of his son, whom they had 
put to death, i. 37 — 103. Actios makes war on them but 
is led by them into many difficulties, in consequence of 
which he is obliged to return, iv. 120 — 143. They send 
presents to the Ilegaxt, iv. 131, 132. They advise the 
lavs; to destroy the bridge over the largo;, iv. 136 — 142. 
After the departure of Astgsio; they unite their strength 
and invade the Xegaou/iao;, vi. 40. They form an alliance 
with the AccKshettfiovioiy vi. 84. 
iKaTio;, a town of Boianyj south-east of Orfeat, ix. 15. 
Hkwxxo-i;, a king of the IkvOcci, iv. 120, 128. 
2^5/c, the son of KOgo;, put to death by his brother Ku/u.- 
Gvo-Yi;, iii. 30, — who afterwards repents of the crime on his 
death-bed, iii. 65, 
S^ggVc, the Mayo;, who with his brother Hari^uQ*; rebelled 
against Kuf&£vo-vi;, iii. 61 — 65. After having obtained the 
kingly power, he is convicted of falsehood and usurpation 
by the discovery of the fact that his ears had been cut off, 
iii. 69 — 75. 
IptfiopevYi;, the son of Ordu/i; one of the generals of the 

army of 3s(>%yi;, vii. 82, 121. 
2/4/Aae, a town of the peninsula of TloLKknvy, on the eastern 

shore of the @t(>/x,ocio; koT^tto;, vii. 123. 
Zfiivlv^Yi; of 2v€«£/;, one of the suitors of Ayu^torti, 
vi.127. 



INDEX. cxli 

"Sftvpn, a town of the laves in At/d/>?, founded by the KoAo- 
(puvioty i. 16.— most anciently a city of the A/oAk?, but 
taken from them by the lung* *• 149.— besieged by Tvyyg, 
i. 14 — taken by AAvo&ttjj?, i. 16. 

2oydo/, a people of Aain near the A^ct&g (or Ofoj of 2t£*- 
Qav), iii. 93. Their armour in the army of He$vig t vii. 66. 

2oAo/, a town of KuTrgog, taken by the n?w«/, v. 115. 2o?wo/, 
v. 110. 

2oAos/?, a promontory of A/£y>7, ii. 32 ; iv. 43. 

2oAy^o/,— the same as the Mftvctt, a people of Av*/)j in AatYi, 
i. 173. 

2oA6Ji/, a legislator of Advivoct, i. 29 ; ii. 177. His discourse 
with Kgoiaog on the vicissitude of human affairs, i. 29 — 33. 
He celebrates ®ftoxvT(>og the rv^ocvvog in song, v. 113. He 
is called a ootpurrYig by ' HgoHorog, i. 29. 

lowiov, the extreme southern promontory of Attikyi, vi. 87, 
115. 'StQVutUKog 6 yovi/og, iv. 99. 

2ovo-cs, a city in the yr\ Ktaam, on the river XootvTYig, — a royal 
city, i. 188 j iv. 83 ; v. 49, 52; vii. 239. 2ow» Mepvovtct, 
v. 53, 54; vii. 151. 

2xotxw, — the Median word for dog, i. 110. 

Sfl-tfgyaars;^?, a king of the Aya^^o/, iv. 78. 

2irosgy«cr/ff)j<r, the son of Topvyg, who when taken prisoner 
by KiJ^oc, put an end to his life, i. 211—213. 

^TUPTYiy the chief city of Aoikmikyi in the Tliho7irovvwos con- 
taining eight thousand men, besides women and children, 
vii. 234. 

Ina.QTimTa.t, the inhabitants of ^ttu^tyi only, called AyaQo- 
s%yoi t i. 67. They admit Tioctpevog the prophet among the 
body of their citizens, although with great unwillingness 
and after long delay, ix. 33. Their laws and government 
established by AvKovgyog, i. 65. Their alliance is sought 
by the 2«t>0<*/, vi. 84. A herald is sent from Afavoii to re- 
quest their aid, vi. 105, 106. Their valour and whole con- 
duct at <d^po%Vhui related at great length, vii. 202 — 212, 
223—233. 

SireQ&tyg offers himself with BovTug to appease the anger of 
the q^ag TahdvGtog j— their acts, vii. 134 — 137.^ 

Sow, the word in the Scythian language for eye t iv. 27. 

2t*£x»j'/o?, a river in the south of QsoouTuvi, falling into the 
bay of Mj?A/?, vii. 198, 228. 

2T«y£/£oj, an Hellenic city on the western shore of the gulf 
of the 2Tgy^6>y, vii. 115. 

"Srochovy o^yvtot, TTYi^vg, novg> — their comparative dimensions, 
ii. 149. 

2r#fy«o/, the halting stations or post-houses of the king of 



cxlii INDEX. 

the Tlegaut, by which distances were measured ; — the whole 
way from Etpeaog to Iqvgoc was measured in (xtu&^oi, v. 52, 
53. 
"STtfauoiTcc, (family pedigrees) of the Msgftpulett in Avhviy i. 7, 
— of the AxcttpiuilicUy vii. 11, — of the kings of NxksIopiyi 
of the Argive family, viii. 139.— of the Evgwdepalcu the 
senior royal family of 2^ra$T>?, vii. 204, — of the ngo«As/$<x/, 
viii. 131. comp. vi. 52, — of HeguOievis of the family of the 
k'AKy.ciiuvtQcct, vi. 131. 

'Ersi/roQis "hipvn, a lake of ®(>w%yi at the mouth of the river 

c E€go?, vii. 58. 
^TSMKhyigog, an inland town of MwawtYi in the Ushoxopvwog, 

ix. 64. 
Irrihuiy (columns.) Engraved columns of Isoucryq, ii. 102. 

Two columns, one of gold, the other of emerald, ii. 44. 

Two columns erected by Axgito; on the shore of the Boff- 

Tiro^og, iv. 87. 
2r>?(7otyog)7?, the father of Kipav, vi. 34, 103,— assassinated in 

the Tc^vrauYi'iov, vi. 38. 
2t>j<j->31W£, a rvgetppog of Kovgiop, v. 113. 
^Twihsag, the son of &Qeiav?i?ag } vi. 114. 
2rgaT07Tf5flf, the name of a place in A/yvxroc, given for a ha- 
bitation to the laves and Ku.%?;, ii. ] 54. 
2t(>ktt<s a rvQocuvog of the Xfo/, iv. 138. A conspiracy 

against his life discovered, viii. 132. 
'2t%ov()o{ x.otrccya.ioiy — in A/£y>j, iv. 192. The "MetKett wear 

their hides on their bucklers, iv. 175. 
"2Tf>ov%ciT£s, a national tribe of the Mjhi, i. 101. 
2r^^)7, a city of the Oouri&i on the southern coast of Q^'Ur,. 

The river Atwoc runs through the town, vii. 108, 109. 
Irfwpav, a large river of ©gjjixtf, taking its rise in the chain 

of ' Ai/^og, and falling into the Uoprog Aiyettog near ULyvicc 

ohoty i. 64; v. 13, 23; vii. 24, 113; viii. 115. 
ILT^vftouins ctve/xog, viii. 118. 
^T^vftovioiy people on the banks of the It^v^up, afterwards 

called QftyiKes, vii. 75. 
2tv|, a river in the north of Acuity in the TlzhoxoppYicosy an 

account of it; — used in solemn conjurations, vi. 74. 
^.Tvptyrihm "htftvY), in the north-east of AoKuhvt in the IIsAo- 

TrovvYjoog, vi. 76. 
2rygot|, the gum Storax, (Styrax officinalis) used in gather- 
ing frankincense, iii. 107. 
^Tvpseg, the inhabitants of a town 2tv%yi in the southern part 

ot Ey€o«?, — a nation of A^vo7rs:, viii. 46. — in the fleet of 

the 'Ehkwse, viii. I. — at the battle of U.'Kct.roiioe.i, ix. 28. 

Their island Aiytlttot, vi. 107. 



INDEX. cxliii 

2y«ygo£, an ambassador of the Aoucslot/ftot/m to Ttltou, vii. 1 53, 

159. 
'SvQxgig, the most flourishing city of iTxhtn in the time of 

A#(>£/o£,--south-west of Tu^ug, on the gulf of the same 

name, vi. 127, — taken by A<yg/gy? and the K^orauiYirxt, 

v. 44, 45; vi. 21. 
"Svevi/sarts, a king of the Kfttxeg, i. 74; v. 118. 

a Ktfug, a captain in the fleet of Ss^in?, vii. 98. 

2w«i/»j, a city of ®r&x'ig in Aiywiog between ©^a" and EAe- 

(puvTivvi, ii. 28. 
2y*£t/? ^g^/oi/, in the district of X«A*/B/x>j in 0gwx>7, vii. 115. 
2v7io<r&)v, the son of Aikkyis, expelled from 2o^oj by his 

brother Ho^vkqoctyi;, iii. 39. During his campaign in Ai- 

yvxrog he presented Aoc^stog with a mantle, iii. 139, 140. 

He is restored to his kingdom in lupog by Aagsiog, iii. 141 

— 149. 
2vftYi, a small island on the coast of Kx^iyi, *• 1 74. 
Svgytg, a river said to rise in the country of the QvaaxysTotij 

and falling into the 'hip.vv) Motiving, east of the Txuccig, 

iv. 123. 
*2v(>YiKovaoi{, a celebrated city on the eastern side of 2/xfTuw, 

vii. 155—167. 
"Zvqiy], a large country of Ao-tn, extending eastward from the 

eastern shore of the Hellenic or (Mediterranean) sea, as 

far as BuQv'huvivi, and bounded southward and westward 

by Atyvrtrog, ii. 12, 116; iii. 5. ~2v(>tYi UethcctffTii/Y), iii. 91; 

iv. 39 ; vii. 89. The people of the last-mentioned country 

practise circumcision, ii. 104. 
2t^/o< — Komir along— subdued by Kgoiaog, i. 72, 76; iii. 90 ; 

v. 49 ; vii. 72. 
'SvQiot or Aotrvgioi, vii. 63. 
2v£T/?, a large gulf or bay in the centre of the northern coast 

of AiGvyi, ii. 32, 150. 
^(pwlcthzeg, the inhabitants of ^(PiuhxMy a township in the 

north of Attixyi, — not mentioned by any other ancient 

author, ix. 15. 
2(p(>Yiyihg, (signets, impressions for seals,) cut with a sharp 

stone, vii. 69. The signet rings of the Ba&v'hMioi, i. 195, 

— of IlQKvx(>xTYig, hi. 4 ! .' 
lyfiimg, an ^Egyptian measure for land containing sixty arx- 

foa, ii. 6, 8. 
'Zuoiptuyig, the father of lixvxirtog, viii. 82. 
"ZaaTQxrog, the son of Aaolupxg of Aiyivvi, who made a great 

fortune by commerce, iv. 152. 
^aciK-hsyc a Kogivfoog,— his speech on the evils of the tv^xv- 
vig, V. 92. 



cxliv INDEX. 

'Satpcd/M, the 6on of EvtvxiZyis, a AsKs'hevg, ix. 73. He killed 
Ev(>v%etTY}<; an Agysiog in single combat, vi. 92 ; ix. 75. He 
usually wore an iron anchor hanging to his belt, and fought 
valiantly at UhccTxioci, ix. 74, 75. 



TocQctXo;, governor of Sa^/.c under Kv^oc, i. 153, 154. 

TaQtrt;— the name by which the goddess Lm» of the 'Ex- 
Xyuec; is known to the ^kvQui, iv. 59. 

Tocivct^y a town near a promontory of the same name at the 
south-western extremity of Aukuvikyi, i v 23, 24; vii. 168. 

TotXccvrov BctZvXautovy containing seventy (avivi Evtoi'h;, and 
equivalent to about 226/. in English money. EvIoukov 
containing sixty /uveeu, and equivalent to about 193/. 15*. 
English money, iii. 89. 

TotXaoc, the father of A^/jaroj, v. 67. 

ToikQvZios, the herald of Ayctptpvau ; — his temple at Itretoryi : 
his anger with the AccxeZctiftovtot on account of their un- 
just and treacherous conduct in putting to death the am- 
bassadors of Aoc(>£tos, vii. 134, 137. 

Tct'hQvZicthot.i, their office at lirct^-m in virtue of their descent, 
vii. 134. 

Tctftvuou, a town on the western coast of EvZoiy, a little east 
of E(>iT(>iY) t vi. 101. 

Tecuxy(>Y), a town of Bo/wt/zj, east of Qr£cu and near the river 
AaaTTo;, ix. 15, 43. Hctvcty^etiaiy V. 79. TxvuygiKri fiotgx, 
v. 57. 

Totvotii, (modernly called the Don,) having its source accord- 
ing to 'Hooloros in a large northern lake, and falling into 
the Xtfivn MoctYiTic, whence it has sometimes been called 
Mounts; reckoned as one of the boundaries of Ev^u^n, 
iv. 20, 21, 45, 57, 100, 122. 

Tocvtrxi, a district of Aiyvrrrog, deriving its name from Tocvts, 
a town of the AsAtoc between the oroftxTa. ^.iZiwvTiKat. and 
Tlrihovoiot,*.* of the Nf/Xoc, ii. 166. 

Tu^ecxisy a king of the ^.Kvdcti, iv. 120. 

Tetgoccy a town of Iwrvyw on the western coast of Ira*/*?, 
i. 24; iii. 138; iv. 99. The Tet^xvriifot, iii. 138, suffer a 
complete defeat, vii. 1 70. 

Tec^ytrcco;, and his three sons, progenitors of the ^.kvOui, 
iv. 5. 

Tuyxrii " **** TlvjXovatciKCjp : — the name of a town where 
was a salting depot, near TlriXov aio» t ii. 1 5. 

Twj KccMctKuv ;— another, at the extreme western 

mouth of the Ng/Xoc, ii. 1 1 3. 



INDEX. cxlr 

Tu£tw<tqs, a town of I?^/>? beyond the columns of H^oikKvic, 
and not far distant from TvjbetQu, i. 16a. KaXxtog of 2a- 
(tog amassed a large fortune by trafficking with this place, 
iv. 152. Tx^rwaicct yoch.ut (weasels) mentioned, iv. 192. 

Tattoo/, the inhabitants of the x u w Toivgixvi, between the 
TLourog ~Ev%etvog and the htpuY) Monang, iv. 20, 99. They 
worshipped iQiysyetx, iv. 103. Tuvqikoc ovgfes, iv. 3. 

Tuvxsiqoc, a town of A*£yjj in the territory of the Bagxcttoi 
a little west of Bu^kvi, iv. 171. 

Toctpoi, (tombs) of A\va.rryig king of the Avlot, i. 93; — of 
NtruKgts with an inscription, i. 187. — of the daughter of 
MvksqIvoc, of wood in the form of an ox, ii. 129, 130. 
Tombs of kings and crocodiles in the \ex&v%ivdog > ii. 148. — 
of Airing and his ancestors in the temple of AQyivuiyi, 
ii. 169. Family tombs among the AtyvTrnoi, ii. 136, — and 
the IkvQui, iv. 127. — of r E?i*>? the daughter of Adocpug, 
vii. 58. 

TocxofiiJ/a, an island of the river Ns/Aoir, some distance above 
i&etpecuTiUYi, ii. 29. 

Texgog, a river in the interior of 0g>ji*>7 falling into the Kov- 
rufcvlog a branch of the "Efyog; — it has hot and cold 
springs, iv. 90. A pillar erected there by Axgeiog, iv. 91. 

TeuaTrtgy the father of "SetTocawvis and Oesgejz/BaJT*^, iv. 43 ; 
vii. 79 ; ix. 76. 

TeyeYi, a town in the south-east of AgKultvi in the Tlehoirov- 
vyaog, vi. 105; vii. 170. 

Teyeyrefi, i. 65; ix. 26. They and the A^yuoi are at war 
with the AoMihxtfiiouiot, ix. 35. — at ©e^o-jrv^ui, vii. 202. 
They contend with the AQyivuioi for the post of honour in 
the army of the ' Etonueg, ix. 26. Their bravery at the 
battle of TthctTcAi*:, ix. 70. 

Tsfya,tno», a town of QuKig on the north bank of the river 
KvQtaog, viii. 33. 

Te*?u*8*/, a family of prophets at H?u<r, ix. 37. 

Tfh-King of n-kig, a prophet of the Qaxseg, vin. 27. < 

Ttfoog, an Afavutog, said by 2o*a» to be the happiest man, 
i. 30. 

TsKuweeec, interpreters of omens (sguy«T*0» *■ 78 - 

Tg^f^oc, (a grove or piece of ground set apart and conse- 
crated to a divinity) ;— of Aiawg at Ah»»t, v. 89.— of 

A»&eo*e«Twc 6 W 6 "' ix> 25 '~ of A^ ^ 6 "' Urms ?* ^*'' 
viii. 135.— c E**»?wo!/ atN««*g*T/ff in A/yy^rro?, n. 178.— 
of Uparsai-heag at E**/oy s in the Xeyromiffos, ix. 116. < 

T^we*, a valley in the north of 0s«t**/h, through which 
ran the river IIyjj/f*o?, vii. 173. 

Ts^Bo?, an island of the Aio^eg in the no*™? Aiyutog, on 
[ K ] 



cxlvi INDEX. 

the coast of A*/>j and near the commencement of the 'Ex- 

7ivi(TTouTos t i. 151 : — taken by the Ut^aeti, vi. 31. 
Tizpftou, a people of Av xty, originally K^rsc, vii. 92. 
TiTgoifivwTos, the son of Avvaog, a native of 2/<taj/, vii. 98. 
Tevfyca/tv, a district on the western coast of Aain between 

the rivers JZvyivo; and Kxi'xos (see Ir^a&uv, lib. xiii. on Ai- 

oX/j), compared with the AsXt« of A/yywro;, ii. 10. 
Tevxys vj yn (see T^otn). The account given by the A/yi/x- 

noi of the siege of Vhtov, ii. 118, 119. 
Tivx^ot, the descendants of Tgyx^o?, who made an irruption 

into Evquttvi before the Trojan war, vii. 20. The TsQyi6oti 

in the time of Actios were the remains of this people, 

v. 122; vii. 43. Their colonists Ila/ovec, v. 13. Mxfre;, 

iv. 191. 
Teas, one of the twelve cities of the lausg in AvltYi, i. 142 ; 

ii. 178: — taken by ' A^nrocyos, i. 168. 
Two/, the inhabitants of Tf«c, one of the twelve towns of 

the lavs? in Aann ', — they founded ACB^as in Q^'Un, i. 168. 

They formed a part of the fleet of the luvtg at IVLx^toj-, 

vi. 8. 
TviKiKKYis, father of 0rodagoc of Ittpog, HI. 41. 
T>jX£xXoc, the father of A^fXttyc, and a king of 2t«£t>j, cf 

the family of Evgvadsvvis, vii. 204. 
T-zikiooiPMS of^x/xog, iii. 143. 
TftX/Hfft one of the ancestors of rgXav, and an itgotpoturvs or 

teacher of the rites of religion, vii. 1 53. 
TjjXo?, an island of the Ilovroc Aiyxtog, on the coast of Atri* 

and opposite the promontory of T^ott/o^, vii. 153. 
TtfXvj-, a king of Iv^x^ti; in It«A/>?, v. 44. 
Tnpevog, an A^yf/oj, ancestor of the kings of 'MotKeZonv}, 

viii. 137, 140. 
Typ-vot, one of the eleven ancient cities of Atohig, on the 

coast of Aaivi at the mouth of the river 'Eg^o?, i. 149. 
T»j„o;, one of the KvxKxfeg ur.vot in the IIovtoj Atyutoc south- 
east of Aufyog and Ev€o/>?, and near A>jXoc, iv. S3 ; vi. 97. 
Tj?^f, iv. 80 ; the father of 2/t«X«>k, a king of the 0g»?i'xe? 

vii. 137. 
T»g/XAo£ the son of Kyvcxicoi, the rv^ttwog of ' Ipt^n, 

vii. 165. 
T^yyeroc, a mountain in the west of Axkcuhxv, in the IleAo- 

Tovi/jjo-of, iv. 145. 
Tiufuvros, a river of *2xv0iKri flowing southward into the 

I#Tgoc, iv. 48. 
TtGetzwot, a people of Atrtn on the south coast of the TLoitrog 

Ev&tuog, and near the mouth of the river QigftaZav, iii. 94: 

Their numbers, armour, &c. in the army of Ht^ng, vii. 78. 



INDEX. cxlvii 

T&tfft;, a river rising in mount Aipos and flowing north- 
ward into the Utqoc:, iv. 49. 
Tty^xumjt one of the Axctt/xiutlxi, and a general of the M>j- 

Zot y vii. 62. He commanded the army of the Ui^aut at 

MvkacXyi, ix. 96. His death, ix. 102. 
T/yg/<r, a very large river of Any, which has its source in Aj- 

fisvi/it and falls into the Egvdgvi Sa^etauYiy i. 189; v. 52; 

vi. 20. There were three rivers in A^mvi which bore this 

name, v. 52. 
Tidaio;, a son of Aar/j and a captain of the cavalry of the 

Aqk&oi in the army of He(>%Y);, vii. 88. 
Ttdopeu, one of the summits of Mount liet^ymvog on the side 

of the city Nsav, viii. 32. 
Tikavfs, a kind offish so called, v. 16. 
Tr^ayogD?, the father of Tiftauatz, vii. 98. 
TUTfAotvhf-oc, the father of A«r<yzroB&>£o_c, ix. 69. 
T*7«flC£gT>7, a priestess (ipYi'iv) at Asi^^, ii. 55. 
Tlwysvths, the son of 'Egsn/c of ©)?€*/, ix. 38, 86, 87. 
TipYioiOsog a AsXpo?, v. 72. 

UTIawioq of Khoigopsuocf, who built A€8»jg*, i. 168. 
Tigris a 2»y0>K, the guardian of Ag/as-s/Ai?, iv. 76. 
Tlpo^uvog, the general of the ^Ktauxtoi, viii. 128. 
T/^<y, an attendant (v7ro£«;cogo$) in the temple of the yfiavm 

6sot in Ilflsgo^ who betrayed it to MiTiTiulns, vi. 134, 135. 
Ttfi&tu, the son of AufyoGovKoe, a AfXcpoj, vii. 141. 
Tifcai/ctZ, the son of Tf^otyo^s-, vii. 98. 
T/gyj>? and Hirudin %up?\, a town and district of AgyoX/j in the 

UsXo'xwjwoe;, a little east of Agyo;, vi. 76, 77, 83. The 

Ttpvvdtoi are in the army of the 'TLKhwes aXHhurottoti, ix. 28. 

Some fishermen of Tipvuc: are captured by Auyi%ioto$ a 

25roc£T/«nj?, vii. 137. 
Tujctftivoc;, the son of ©fgereti/Sgof, and the grandfather of ©n- 

5^, a Sfl-esgT/tfTwf, iv. 147; vi. 52. 
— — the son of Avrioyfl^ a prophet of Ha/f, made a 2r#g>- 

r/jjTjj?, ix. 33 — 35. 
Ttaecvfyog, the father of Io-oeyogw?, v. 66. 

the father of ' iT^roxAg/S^, vi. 127, 129. 

Twin, the father of Ai/o-«yog)7£, vi. 133. 

TiruKOf, of AQtfoeu, ix. 73. 

T^aAof, a mountain of At/5/)? in the neighbourhood of 2* j- 

8/?, i. 84; — from whence gold dust was procured, i. 93; 

v. 101. 
Topvpig, the queen of the McHnwysTut, who allowed Kv^og 

to cross the river A§«|us, *• 205—207. She recovers her 

son who was taken by stratagem, i. 212. She insults and 

mutilates the dead body of Kvpos, i. 214. 



cxlviii INDEX. 

To^myi, a town of the peninsula of 2/0awn in Xet\KtotKvi, 
vii. 22, 122. Togai/ccr/i cck^yj, vii. 122. 

Tgc&yixot w^oi, celebrating the misfortunes of Ao^arog, at- 
tributed to Aiovvoog, v. 67. 

Tgayoc, (the buck-goat) called Met/bug by the Aiyvrnoi, ii. 46. 
yvvuixt r^ocyoc eftKryiro xuxQxvOov, ibid. The hr t oou/o!/ 
gathered by means of the beards of goats by the Ag«o/o/, 
iii. 112. Boys cured of convulsions by goat's urine among 
the A&vfg, iv. 187. 

Tqu^rs^ovSi a town of A(>x.cioin in the HtkoTrouvwog, vi. 127. 

Tgflfo-Tr^c, a tribe of "2kv6ui, the descendants of Aovo2,u'ig: — 
their position is not known, iv. 6. 

Tgoivog, a river of G^i'xjj falling into the lake B/«7tow;, 
vii. 109. 

Tgxvaot, a people of Q>^nix.n s v. 3, 4. 

Tgsig x.i(petKctt, a place on Mount Ki&at^as/, so called by the 
Botcoroi : — called A^yo? x.£<pa>>a; by the A6r t vutoi, ix. 39. 

TgnxsYi ij xi^aovmog^ a town of T«yg<?» on the shore of the 
Uovrog Ev%tiuog, iv. 99. 

T()Yixig, a considerable city of Bf*%<c in Qtoacthin, vii. 199, 
201, 203. T^xtvixt 7?ST(>ou, vii. 198. TgqpMifc viii. 31. 
T%r,)cii>ioi, vii. 175. 

TQtQcrtKiKou to xsB/oi', the tract of country between the chain 
of Mount Aipog and the lar^og;— which is traversed by 
the rivers 1x.tog, Ayyoog and BQoyyog, iv. 49. 

T^iottioi/, a peninsula of Aa^ic in Ao7>j, in the possession of 
the KwB/o/, (and on which the town of Kvtoog was built,) 
i. 174. A temple of AiroKkav T^oTrtog, i. 144. The pro- 
montory of T^/ott/ov, iv. 38. 

TfitTTohg ; — one of gold consecrated by Kgouroc in the temple 
of ATToXhuu laftwtog at Or^ui, i. 92. Three other tripods 
in the same temple, v. 59 — 61. One in the temple of the 
Afrtyot dedicated by the "EKhwzg, viii. 82 ; ix. 81. A 
copper tripod at the lake "t^t-avig, iv. 179. 

T^nctntg, the inhabitants of TgiTotty, a town of Axett'tv in the 
HihorrovvYioog, i. 145. 

Tf>tTetvTotixf*y?, the son of A^ru%ct^og, governor of BetGv- 
■huvirt, i. 192. 

the son of A^ratdyog, who was commander of the in- 
fantry in the army of St^Yig, vii. 82, 121. His noble speech 
concerning the 'E"h*v>veg, viii. 26. 

Tartan, a town of ®axig, in the neighbourhood of the river 
KyiQiooog, viii. 33- 

T^trau, a river of AiQvvi, situated south of Kupxnoeov, flowing 
out of the lake T^ru^ig t where it was said that Tonai/ 
appeared to \wuv> iv. 178, 179, 191. 



INDEX. cxlix 

Tgotgw, a sea-coast town in the east of A%yo*.tg in the ritAo- 
7rovi/Yi<rog, viii. 41. Its harbour was Uoyav, viii. 42. 

Tgoifyvtot in the army of the ' Efovis/sg at Hkccruiuty ix. 28. 
The Tqoifyvioi founded ' A.'hiKoiQuwoog, vii. 99. 

T^oin, a celebrated place in Ao-iy on the c E?a>3a ttoktoj near its 
western extremity, iv. 191 ; v. 13. See Dwov. 

TgoQavto;, a cave at As^xhtoc in Botany, where was an oracle, 
i- 46; viii. 134. 

T^aotg q yy, v. 26, 122. See Tgotvi. 

T^ayTiohvTut AiQto7rtg 3 a people of Ai£vyi, iv. 183. 

Tquiku, rx (see Tpoiq.) This war happened three generations 
after Mi vug, vii. 171. 

Tvhvg, the son-in-law of AB^o-to?, v. 67. 
VKTM : — the Persian name for an anniversary kingly supper; 

T— among the "EM.yveg it is called ntetw, ix. 110, 

Tvf&i/Yig, the father of ' Iff rtoaog, of Tsgf&eQog, v. 37; vii. 98. 

Tvuhx^ihoit ; — their expedition to A^yog, iv. 145. The kings 
of iTvctqxn were so surnamed, v. 75. They invaded At- 
tikyi in order to recover 'EAj^jj, ix. 73. 

Two; (a work in relief J of Actgetog on horseback with an in- 
scription, iii. 88. 

Tv^ng, a river of 'S.KvdiKvi having its source in a large lake and 
falling into the western side of the Uourog Ev&ivog, north 
of the lo-TQog, iv. 11, 47, 51, 52, 82. 

Tu(>iToct, a people at the mouth of the last-mentioned river, 
iv. 51. 

Tv(>wv oT(>oiTO'7relov f a place so called at Msptpig in Aiyvxrog 
ii. 112. 

Tv(>ol<£x, a town of QqyUkyi on the liovrog Aiyctiog, west of 
the promontory of 2fg/5e/oi/, vii. 25. 

Tygo?, a city of <&oiuTkyi, south of 2;<W, — where was a very 
ancient temple of c HgxxTiSYig, ii. 44. The Tvgiot had dwell- 
ings round the temple of 'H^ciKksYig at MepQig, ii. 112. 

TvQvvivtYi, in the country of the OpGgixot, colonized by Tvp- 
oYiuog and the Avlot, i. 94. — discovered by the Qaxctiteg, 
i. 163. The naval warfare of the Tvgo-yvot with the 0>a- 
Kottssg, i. 166, 167. 

Tyg(7)ji/o/, i. 57, 94. 

T. 

"Toctuui (hyaenas) in A&vyi, iv. 192. 
'TctKtudtet, a festival among the Aocxslcttpovtot, ix. 6, 11. 
'Toiffiireivi, one of the summits of Mount Ux^woog, viii. 39. 
'r^uTo-Ms, a city on the north-east border of Vang, viii. 28, 
33. 



cl INDEX. 

'Tecrxt, the name of one of the tribes of Iihvm, v. 68. 

'Y&w, a town on the eastern coast of ItKikty, north of 2t/- 
gyKovasa, vii. 155. 

'Yyeuvect, a people, — unknown. Some MSS. read Avrevso*, 
iii. 90. 

' TlocguYiSt a Tleftcnc, iii. 70; vi. 133. — the general of the coast- 
people of Aciyi in the army of Ss^viSi vii. 1 35. 

another, the son of ' TlugvYis, the general of the AQxvu~ 

rot in the army of Ss^vs f vii. 83, 21 1. 

another, the father of ItoxfivYis, vii. 65. 

'Tfyeyi, an island on the coast of A^yoA/j, originally belong- 
ing to the ' Ef>f*toi>ee<;, but sold by them to some exiled 2«- 
piot, who committed it in trust to the T^o/^Wo/, iii. 59. 

' Tluq (water) an object of worship among the TLegrui, i. 131.— 
carried in earthen vessels into the deserts of 2t/£/>j, iii. 6. 
Spring water of a wonderful nature in the country of the 
Apfiavtot, and some more at no great distance from the 
above, iv. 181, 182. The water of the 1rv£ and its sacred 
nature among the 'E*a>jj»sc, vi. 74. 

'YfTun, a city in the y» OivuT^tn, i. 167. 

'Thaw, a tract of country immediately east of the Bogt/tfaw 
near the A^fh^iog lf>op.os, iv. 1 8, 54, 55, 76. 

'Ytosss, the name of one of the tribes of lixvav, v. 68. 

'TAXo£, vi. 52,— the son of 'H^xxMn;, vii. 204; viii. 131. 
killed by Exiftog in single combat, ix. 26. 

a river flowing through the plain of Ixfitg, i. 80. 

'Tweets, the son-in-law of Axgstog, v. 116, — who took Klcj in 
MvaiY), V. 122. 

'TftYiaoos, a mountain of Attikyi, a few arxhix east of Afarxt, 
— the country about which was given to the Tltkxayot by 
the AQnvxtoi, vi. 137. 

'TTTtfKy^, a river of 1x.vdix.Yi east of the Bo£i/a&*>j.c, iv. 47 ; 
— described, iv. 55. 

' Tttxuic, a river of 1x.v6tx.Tn west of the Boovodiuyc, (now called 
the Bog,) iv. 17, 18, 47, — described, iv. 52. 'YTxvto; /xn- 
TriQy ibid. 

' "t'7cx%xtot, afterwards called KA/w;, vii. 91. 

' t'Ki^xv&nz and AQgox.oft.os, sons of Axguo;, vii. 224. 

' rvsfa%eot, iv. 13, 32, 33, 36. Their sacred rites, iv. S3. 
The account of the Hyperborean damsels who took sacri- 
fices to AviXog, iv. 33, 35. 

* tTiguortot, iv. 36. 

'Yntqpxn and Adohtx.n, Hyperborean damsels, iv. 33, 34, 35. 

T^yiS, a river of 2*i/0i*»j" falling into the Txuxi;, iv. 57. 

'T(>tY), a town of ln%vytYi north of Tx?x;, founded by the 
Kt>r,Tt;, vii. 170. 



INDEX. di 

Tgxtfwo/, a people of central Aain, occupying an extensive 
tract of country south-east of the Kxwm dxhxaay, iii. 117. 
Their armour in the army of Hefag, vii. 62. 

'T^otxlvis, a M*g$ofr who was the first to scale the wall of 
2agd/$ when it was besieged by YLv^og, i. 84. 

'Tg (a wild boar) which devastated the country of the Mv- 
aoty i. 36.— none found in AiQvy, iv. 192. 

'T<r (the hog or sow) — regarded as an unclean animal by the 
Aiyvxrioi, and sacrificed to I.s'Kywh and Atovvaog, ii. 47. 
They are not bred by the A&vsg vopxfeg, iv. 186,— nor the 
IkvQxi, iv. 63. See an account respecting those in A/- 
ywrog, ii. 1 4. 

'Ytrtxt, a town of Botany on the plain of the river AaaKog, 
vi. 108; ix. 15, 25. This town or another of the same 
name was considered as a frontier town of Array, and 
was occupied by the Bowrot, v. 74. 

'tarxvyg, the father of B#dg)7?, vii. 77. 

' Tarxa^ryg, of the family of A-xfiUfiivyc, , the son of Agirapvis, 
and the father of Aags/oj, i. 209; vii. 224. — the lieutenant- 
governor of the Jlegaxi, iii. 70. 

•■ ■■ another, the son of Axgeiog and Arowx, the general of 
the Bxxrgtot and 1*xkxi, vii. 64. 

'Ycr^xes (hedge-hogs) found in A&vyi, iv. 192. 



Qouh/uYi, the daughter of Orxmg who discovered the Mxyog 
not to be the true Ipsfitg, iii. 68, 69. 

Qxtvixwog, the father of Kx~h>.ivig t vi. 121. 

<t>x*Yi%og, the most ancient of the Athenian ports, but after- 
wards superseded in that respect by the UtiQunvg during 
the administration of <defttaro>cKsYig (See Uxvcxvtxg), 
V. 63, 85; vi. 116; viii. 66, 9 J ; ix. 32. 

<E>«A*o£, (a representation of the male organ of generation 
used in the ancient mysteries typical of the generative 
power of Nature,) the procession of; — introduced into 
'JLKhxg from Aiyvirrag by Mshxuxovg, ii. 49. 

<&xuys of ' A~htKx^vwoog, one of the auxiliaries of Apxaig, 
who deserted from him to Kxf&Qvwg, iii. 4. His sons put 
to death before his eyes by the '~EMyivs; and Kx^sg with 
whom he had previously fought in the army of Af&xwg, 
iii. 11. 

<&x$xvbxrm> the son of TextT^ng, vii. 79 ix. 76. 

®xpQxt0trvig vopog of Atyvnrog, ii. 166. 

®xoeis, the inhabitants of ^x^xt, in the west of A%xih in 
the YlthoTrovvwog, i. 145. 



clii INDEX. 

<Px%vxgord(>r)$, the general of the Ivloi, vii. 65. 

texgi/xxvi;, the father of A^r«€«^o 5 ', vii. 66; ix. 41. 

<&»(>'j xoxng, of the family stock of Ayxi^vfi^ the father of 

YLxaaxvhxvfi the wife of Kvqos, ii. 1 ; iii. 2. 
3?ct(>vovxriz, a commander of cavalry in the army of SegZn, 

vii. 88. 
®*<jYihiSy a town of the Augies; in Ay*/>j on the borders of 

HccpQvliY), ii. 178. 
<3>ao7?, a river of KoT^yjg flowing into the TLovros Ev%eivo; y i. 2, 

104; ii. 103; iv. 37, 38, 86; vi. 84. This river divides 

AaiYi from Evgavri, iv. 45. 
tbxvKhog, of Kqotuv, three times victor at the Pythian games 

(tqi$ Trv&touiKrjg), viii. 47. 
<beih7ririlYi; an AOyuxtoc, a courier (^us^oo^uog), vi. 105. 
<^f^<y^, a tv(>oii/uo<; of the Agye/o/, vi. 127. 
<&tvtosy a town in the north of AoKxlty, in the Ht^o7rouvrtao<; t 

vi. 74. 
3>£££j/B«r>??, the son of MsyxQxgo;, vii. 67. 
4>££grrioj, the mother of ApkigCKiui; the 3d, king of Kt/Pwi/jj, 

who demanded an army from Ev&fav, but received from 

him instead of it, presents suited to her sex, iv. 1 62. She 

cruelly treats the Bx^kxioi whom she had subdued by the 

aid of the Yltovxt (comp. iv. 165, 200, 201), iv. 202. Her 

strange and horrible death, iv. 205. 
<bs%u>;, a king of Atyvxrog who became blind, but whose sight 

was afterwards restored in a surprising manner, ii. 111. 
foiyfv;, the father of H-ooko;, ix. 26. 
<3?yi'jxyo(>Yig, the father of Ovnrvig, vii. 214. 
<P()si(>i; (lice), — eaten by the Bovoivot, iv. 109. The women 

of the Alv^xyjlxi crack lice with their teeth, iv. 168. 
<b$io)Tis, a district in the south-east of (dmox'hin, — inhabited 

during the time of AiVKx'hiwj by the 'EXAm*;, i. 56. Ifiim- 

TXi oi Ayxtot, vii. 132. 
<£>iyxtev< Ag*«j— such was Ktexvloo; the prophet (pxvTis), 

vi. 83. 
O/Asey^oc, the son of Kvusn;, who betra\ed Eost^»j into the 

hands of the Tls^xt, vi. 101. 
<1?ftxio;, the son of Aix; and the ancestor of M/A rixlng , vi. 35. 
4>A«<yj/, the son of Xfo<ng, viii. 11. 
$/A»;, the father of 'Po/x.oc, iii. 60. 
&frf7r7roc, the son of BovrxKion; of Kooruvr,, a victor at the 

games of Ohvfi-tYi, v. 47. 

another, a M«x«&ai>, viii. 139. 

<&/7iwro? } the son of nawiAfiK, who founded a temple of 

AtifiwTYio J&fvalvty, ix. 97- 
$rtur*«i>, the shepherd, — his pyramids, ii. 128. 



INDEX. cliii 

<bftox.v7r(>os, a rv^xvvos of the 2o?uo/ in livx-gog, celebrated in 
song by 2oA<wj>, v. 113. 

®i*0Kvav, a 29rfl6^T«jTjj.c, who distinguished himself at the 
battle of II* oct xixi, ix. 71, 85. 

<X>A«, the name of an island of the lake T^travic, iv. 178. 

<3»syg>9, the more ancient name of TLx~Khnm, vii. 123. 

<J»wot/c, a town in the north of the UeKon-on/wos, and south- 
west of Kogivdocy vii. 202. The OX/aovo/ were in the army 
of the 'EA*wec at TLTixrxtxt, ix. 28. 

<E>o/€^i'ov ifiov, — a temple at Qs^xttuvi in Axkuviw, vi. 61. 

<boiv~iKsg (palm-trees) growing in large quantities at AvyiKx 
in AtQvv), iv. 172, 182. Bows made of the sheaths or airx- 
6xi of this tree, vii. 69. Fruit-bearing palm-trees in BxQv- 
~havw> from which were made wine, honey, and bread, i. 193. 
Palm-wine in Agpevtn, i. 194. (See Oivog.) 

QoiviKeci — they migrated from their original abode about the 
Egy^jj Qx'kxaavi into Iivqiyi Ux^xiaTlvyj, on the eastern 
shore of the Hellenic sea (qh «? Qx'hxaa^^ where they com- 
menced a maritime trade of Assyrian and ^Egyptian goods 
with c E^os<:, i. 1; vii. 89. They practise circumcision, 
ii. 104. They introduced letters into 'l&Khxg, — whence 
the <3?otvix.viix y^xpftxTx, v. 58. They circumnavigate Ai- 
Qvyi, iv. 42. Qotvlxes Tt/g/o;, — their dwellings round the 
temple of ' HQxto-ros at MepQts, ii. 112. They built a temple 
of A(p(>ohiTYi at Kv&yi(>ct, i. 1 05. They had a most ancient 
temple of 'H^xkKyis in 'Svqw, and they afterwards built an- 
other in the island of Qxaog, where they founded a colony, 
ii. 44. Mines discovered by them in <dxoos, vi. 47. When 
ordered by KxpSvarys to send a naval force to Kes^wW, 
they refused on the plea of an oath, iii. 19. Their armour 
in ±e army of Segfjuff, vii. 89. They dig through the pe- 
ninsula of Mount A6a>$ and build a bridge over the 'Eatiw- 
irouTog, vii. 34. They engage in a sham fight before Hegvis, 
vii. 44. They accuse the louse of misconduct at the battle 
of Ictkaplg, viii. 90. The Kagxudov/o/ are sometimes called 
(boivlKec by ' HgoHoros, ii. 32; iv. 197 ; vii. 165. comp. 167. 
QoiviKYi, the country of the <3>oiuIhss on the eastern shore of 
the Hellenic (or Mediterranean) sea, ii. 44, 116; iii. 136; 
iv. 39. 
$o/w£, a fabulous bird so called, ii. 73.^ 

a small river of C EAA#?, flowing into the bay of M>j?uc, 

near the town of AudnM, vii. 176, 200. 
<E>ogi«o?, an Afavxtos, vii. 182. 

^xo^tyis, the son ot Avows, i. 73. Whilst king of theM>j5o/ 
he undertook an expedition against the lit^axi and Aoav- 
yot, i. 102. 



cliv INDEX. 

®f>ctTccyovv&, the wife of Act^mg, vii. 224. 

4>^/*wi//f,— KvfA/i so called, i. 149. 

<S>£/fos/ in H*<g, on the borders of A§x«S/>j— a town of the 
Mivvxt destroyed by the H^siot, iv. 148. 

<I>£/£o.c, whose death was contrived by AOetf&ctg, vii. 197. 

®£ovip.y, the daughter of Ersx^og, accused of unchasteness 
and given over by her father to Qtptau'j to be cast into the 
sea. He carries her to &r^x where she becomes the mis- 
tress of Iio\v[4,vviarog t iv. 154, 155. 

Qgvyig, — called Bg/ys? during their stay in Ev^tdj, among 
the Mxzehouec, vii. 73. They afterwards migrated to the 
banks of the river ' A~hvg in Aoty, i. 72. They were said to 
be the most ancient of men; — the mode of ascertaining 
this, ii. 2. — subdued by Kgotoog, i. 28. They pay tribute 
to Ax^uog, in. 90. Their armour in the army of Htfag, 
vii. 73. 

®f>vvix,os, — his play called Mfoqrov **««£, vi. 211. 

®(>vpav, the father of ArTxyli/og, ix. 1 5. 

<&vyi, a woman employed to represent Adnvn, and who was 
thus instrumental in restoring liuatar^xTog, i. 60. 

<E>vA«xo? and AvTovoog, fymg among the AiKipoi, viii. 39. 

another, a Ixptog, the son of 'lartxtog, viii. 85. 

tbvKhtg, a region of 0^i*>j in the neighbourhood of Mount 
Tixy yxtog, vii. 1 1 3. 

Qukxix, a city of the luvsg in Avhn, near the mouth of the 
gulf of 'Zftv^vy, i. 80, 142; ii. 106, 178. The <&ux.a,ing dis- 
covered the A^^ing, Tv^gyimy}, Io>?£/>j and Txf>Tnvoog t i. 163. 
They in common with many other Asiatic 'Ex?^^, had a 
commercial depot at 'Sxvx^xng in Ar/vnog, ii. 178. Their 
ambassador to the Ikx^twcxi, i. 152. They are on terms 
of friendship with the king of Tx^Trpoog. When ' A^xxyog 
besieged their city they left it and sailed to Xjog, and thence 
to Kv(>vog. Five years after their arrival the Ty^^yo/ and 
Kxgxyloviof joined in war against them, and in consequence 
of a disastrous encounter with them the <bax.xia.g were 
obliged to sail away to ' Fyyiov. They founded the town of 
'Tf?iu in Italy, i. 163 — 167. They were in the fleet of the 
laveg at Ma>jto?, vi. 8. Their general AtopCotog, vi. 11, 17. 

QtoKtsg, the people of a district (Q>cjx.ig) in central ' E>.?i«c, west 
of BoiaTin ;— they build a wall across Qi^oTv'hxt through 
fear of the 0£or«ret>io/, vii. 176. comp. 215. They entirely 
defeat some Thessalian cavalry by means of a cunning con- 
trivance, viii. 27, 28. Through hatred of the Qtooxhot they 
did not side with the M>jBo/ (ovx fpnhgop), viii. 30. They 
guard the mountain pass near Qstfioxv^xi, vii. 212, — but 
are there overwhelmed by the Utoaxt under the guidance 



INDEX. clr 

of Evixhrvist vii. 217, 218. Their country is laid waste, 
viii. 32. They are obliged by necessity to espouse the cause 
of the MjjSo/, and whilst in that service their courage is 
tried in a strange manner by Mcc$ot/(og, ix. 17, 18. 

X. 

Xcihlonoij a people anciently inhabiting a part of Aero-vg/jj and 
BoiQvhcjviYiy but afterwards comprehending those only who 
dwelt towards the south-east of B<x^v"huv and between the 
EvCp^nrng and Ttygtg, near their junction, vii. 68. 

priests of the temple of Bvihog at Bu&v^av, i. 181, 183. 

XaAgargjj, a town of MccxehoutYi on the west bank near the 
mouth of the A|/o?, vii. 123. 

XatAxflSowo/. (See K«Aj<;>jB<wo/.) 

XothK^iov, a copper kettle belonging to the Iwdcti, made from 
the heads of arrows (airo otfiiav), iv. 81. 

XoChKihes, the inhabitants of Xxbug in EvQow;— they ravage 
the opposite coast of Att/*>j, v. 74. in revenge for which 
the Afavaiot send an army against them, v. 77. They re- 
ceive assistance from the M/Ajjovo/, v. 99. They obtain pos- 
session ofO'hvvdog, viii. 127. — in the army of the 'EKkyveg 
at TLhoiToctut, ix. 28. 

Xcthxihiou ysvog, vii. 185 ; viii. 127. 

XcthKog (copper) extremely rare in AtdtoKtYi, iii. 23. — not in 
use among the SkvDui, iv. 71. — in great abundance in the 
country of the Motwecyerett, i. 215. The AtytuviTou frau- 
dulently buy gold at the price of copper from the siTaorsg, 
ix. 80. 

XaXwSfc, a people of Aatn in the west of A^svin near the 
Uourog Ev%uuog, — subdued by Kgo/ao;, i. 28. Their equip- 
ments, &c. in the army of Se^ng are probably alluded to 
in vii. 76. 

Xet^ect ; — crocodiles are so called by the A/yvvno/, ii. 69. 

Xx(>ocI(>yi, a town in the north of Quxig near the river Kq(pia- 
oog, viii. 33. 

Xec^og of MtrvTwv >j, the brother of 2«5r<pa, ii. 1 35. 

Xec^eag, the brother of Mxietvfyog, iii. 145. 

Xet^iX-hog, the son of Evvo/xog, viii. 131. 

XecQtrav 7io<pog (the hill of the Graces), in the country of the 
MocKXiy on the coast of A//3v>j, iv. 175. 

Xa^ovlvog, the brother of AQurroiyogYig, v. 99. 

Xs^otsxvoii (artificers) respected among the Ko^tvdtot; but 
by most people, and in 'EKhug by the AaKelxt/xovioi espe- 
cially, considered inferior to the soldiers, ii. 167. 

Xefcfug, a floating island in a deep lake near the temple of 
Ayjtu at Bovtu in Aiyv^roc, ii. 156. 



clvi INDEX. 

Xsfiftig, a large town in the uoftog OriQu'tzog of Atyv7rrog, some 
distance below 0>?£ei/,ii. 91. XeppiTvig vopog belonging to 
the ' E^uorv'Ziss or warriors of Atyv7rrog, ii. 165. 

Xeo-J/, a king of Atyv7rrog, the successor of ' Paft\}/tvtTog, 
ii. 124. The acts of his reign ; pyramids built, &c. ii. 124 
— 127. 

Xigcco-pig, a Usfiayg, the father of A^rxvxryig, vii. 78. 

Xsgovf, the father of Ovwfoog, v. 104. 

another, the father of Togyog, vii. 98; viii. 11. 

XegaovYiaog ©£>?i*>7, a long tongue of land in the east of &gr r 
ixYi, forming the north-western shore of the 'EMwirovrog, 
vii. 33. — colonized by Mi-krictdYig the son of Kv\pe*og, vi. 34 
— 38. The cities of the Xt^jwwog taken by the Qotvlxeg, 
vi. 33. The principal chieftains of the Xewovwog are taken 
by stratagem and imprisoned by MiT^Ticthng the son of Kt- 
,ucjv, vi. 39. The Xspoovyaog is called Attik-/i by MAn«J»j 
during the blockade of An/xvog, vi. 140. The XicaouwiTou 
open the gates of "Swrog to the A6y'j<x.iot, ix. 1 1 8. 

Xf^oovyoog i) T^xey, at the northern extremity of the Uonrog 
Ev&ivog, near the BoaTrogog Kipc/ue^iog, iv. 99. 

XeCpgYiv, a king of Aiywrrog ;— his wicked reign. He built a 
pyramid, ii. 127, 128. 

Xtlzog of Tsysy, who gave advice to the Actxiloufioviot, ix. 9. 

XiTiav, the son of AwftotQ/Ltei/og, vi. 65. — the wisest man in 
27tcc(>tyi, vii. 235. He gives advice to ' In-TroxoxTr.g the 
father of YInaiaT^xrog, i. 59. 

Xtog, an insular state of the Lyj/s? on the coast of Aaiyi, i. 142; 
ii. 178. — taken by the Usgaxt, vi. 31. The Xloi alone aided 
the Mftwtot against the Avlot, i. 18. Their dialect, i. 142. 
A temple of A6nva,in YldKiovxog in their city, i. 160. The 
conditions on which they obtained possession of Arctopevg, 
ibid. Their defeat, vi. 15, 16, 26, 27. 

XoottTirYic, a river of central Acm east of the Tty^g, on which 
was built the city of lovoct, i. 188 ; v. 49, 52. 

Xoivt%, a measure containing four kotv^oci, and forty-eight of 
which composed a {tsli/xvog ;— somewhat more than half a 
gallon according to modern computation, considered as 
sufficient for the daily provision of a soldier, vi. 57 ; vii. 187. 

Xotgseti, a town in the territory of E^sr^/yj in Evloim, vi. 101. 

XoiQedrxt, a tribe ((ptA*?) of 'Ztx.vav, v. 68. 

Xot(>og, the father of MixvQog, vii. 1 70. 

Xofjctafiiot, a people of central Aatn east of the HotBot and 
south of the ^oy^oi, iii. 93, 1 1 7. Their equipments, &c. in 
the army of Semitic, vii. 66. 

Xogot ; — of women among the AiylyyTcti, v. 83. The tragic 
%o(>ot restored to Aiouvaog by K~heio0spYig of ItKvav, v. 67. A 



INDEX. clvii 

xogog of one hundred youths sent to ILvOa, and their unfor- 
tunate fate, vi. 27. 

X^foj, (debt or loan) ;— to owe money thought base among the 
TLegaoci, i. 138. Law concerning debts among the AiyvmiQi, 
ii. 136. Remission of debts due to the king or government 
customary among the Ikk^tiyitxi upon the accession of a 
new king, which was the case among the Hsgactt likewise 
with respect to the tribute Opogo?), vi. 59. 

Xgoptos an A^yg/oc, i. 82. 

Xgiwo?, (gold) held sacred by the 2xv<W, iv. 7. A large quan- 
tity consecrated in the temple of the AsKCpot by Tvyyg, i. 14. 
Its frequent use among the MctMotyeTctt for arms and the 
trappings of horses, i. 215. Gilded couches and tents found 
in the camp of the Us^aott after their defeat at JlXocrettcciy 
ix. 80. Gold coins first struck by the Avlot, i. 94. Gold 
given to A^x^octau in immense quantities, vi. 125. — bought 
of the sfacoreg by the Atytvnroii at the price of copper after 
the battle of TZhona.ioit, ix. 80. — the manner in which it is 
treasured up by the king of the Ti^octi, iii. 96. — in great 
quantities in the north of Evgacnj, iii. 116. — obtained by 
the \uhoi from the sand which the ants throw up in the De- 
sert, iii. 102 — 105.— by the Avhoi from Mount Tpcfkog and 
the river Uxxruhog, i. 93; v. 101. — obtained by virgins out 
of a lake in the island of Koizumis, iv. 195. Gold mines be- 
longing to the Qxatoi at 2«#7rr)7 'Thy in QqyUxvi, vi. 46. 
Others discovered by the Qowtzeg between Aiuvpui and 
Kotvv(>cc in the island of Guaog, vi. 47. Gold mines on 
Mount Iloiyyoeiog, vii. 1 1 2. Gold at Aotrog in ®f>w>cri, ix. 75. 
Its value compared with that of silver, iii. 95. 

XvTgot, (literally cauldrons) hot springs at &i^o^rv'Kui t vii. 176. 

Xapot, a great embankment of the Etxpgjj-njg' made by 2^/- 
^u.y.ig and improved by Nituxqis, i. 185; — of the Ngrt\.o£ by 
Mnu the first king of AiyvnTog, ii. 99. Mounds used by 
' ApTTocyog in besieging the towns of lavm, i. 162. A pier 
built out into the sea to improve the harbour of 2o^oc, 
iii. 60. 

T. 

YctpftYiviTog, a king of Atywrrog conquered by Ketp&vons at 
n>j7 ova tot/, iii. 10. He repines at the loss of his kingdom, 
and contrives secret plans for regaining it, in consequence 
of which he is obliged to drink bull's blood, iii. 13—15. 

Yupptg, the son of Nexaff, a king of AiyvKrog, who under 
took an expedition into A(0to7rivi, ii. 160, 161. 

YappiTixost one of the twelve kings of the AiyvTrriot, ba- 



clviii INDEX. 

nished by his fellow-kings on account of an oracle. He is 
subsequently restored, and finally obtains the sovereign 
power of all Atyv^rro; by the aid of copper-men (lave; and 
Keeps, in copper armour), ii. 150 — 153. He allots land to 
the lavs; and Keep;, ii. 154. He goes to meet the HkvQou 
in "2vpn liothetto-nuy, i. 105. He takes A^aro; after having 
besieged it twenty-nine years, ii. 157. He examines the 
national antiquities of the Atyvnnoi, ii. 2. 

Ifetfcfctrtxo;, another, the father of Ivet^ac, vii. 7. 

TyXAo/, a people of northern A&vy, south-east of the N«<ra- 
fAuvssy iv. 173. 

YvTTceteiec, a small island between leehetfju; and the main 
land of ArTtxYi, viii. 76, 95. 

a. 

Citron, an island formed by a river in the neighbourhood of 
ILhetToaect in Botany, — called by the people the daughter 
of the Aaaxo;, ix. 51. 

SlKictvog, a stream encircling the earth, thought to be fabu- 
lous by 'H^oIotos, iv. 8, 36. comp. ii. 23. 

ZIkvtos, the father of Aht/^eturos, viii. 5, 59. 

QKevog, a sea-coast town in the west of A^otiin in the Htho- 
Ttovvyao;, i. 145. 

ilTiviv, a At/x/oc, and an ancient poet, iv. 35. 

Claris* a city on the Ttypi;, at no great distance from its mouth, 
i. 189. 

' Cl^ut (hours), — invented by the Atyvrnot, ii. 109. 

SlptQviy, the daughter of Egsx&yc, and the wife of Bog>jf, 
vii. 189. 

tyiMs, a harbour of the #yg» AwoKkavtYi, on the coast of the 
Iquio; xokiro;, ix. 92, 93. 

fyoficebav, the father of "Zvsvvects, vii. 98. 

Slgog, the son of Oo-igts, and a king of Atyvrroc, — called 
AxoTiXav by the 'JLMyvss, ii. 144. 

n^a7ros, a town in the south-eastern part of Botany, and di- 
rectly opposite to EgsTgtYi in EvGoty, vi. 100. 



END OF THE INDEX. 






Omissions in the Index. 

Page civ. MawiraTw*?;— the Aiyvtg inhabit the high lands in 
the interior above this city, v. 9. 
cxvi. Oaoig, a city of A/£v>j, iii. 26. 
cxli. Ipv^m (myrrh), ii. 40, 86. Used to cure woundf, 
vii. 181. 



Corrections. 

Page ii. 1. 9. insert ref. i. 98. 

iii. 1. 42. in the, r. tvith. 1. 45. brass, r. stone. 
iv. 1. 17. insert not between had changed. 
vi. 1. 9. insert ref. iv. 85. 
xiii. 1. 5. erase on account of their conduct to 11*/- 

tnVTQOCTOS. 

xiv. 1. 4. Af&ot^ouio'Yig, r. Aftct^ouifag. 
xv. 1. 46. E<P«?it».c, r. Efl7«AT>j£. 
xvi. 1. 17. seen by, r. known to. 1. 21. intimate t in- 
sert friend. 
xviii. 1. 1. AvTfKct.TYify r. Aj/T/TratTgoj. 
xxii. 1. 13. Ag/<rT/d«c, r. A^arg/Si^. 
xxiii. 1. 4. Kt&XQtGTvis, r. */#oe£a>Soj. 
xxxi. 1. 29. *fo? Ogoj, r. {or Ogoj o/2rg*£&>j0- 
xxxv. 1. 42. TfAw?, r. TeXaj/. 

xxxvi. 1. 43. embankment, fyc. This article should hare 
been referred to the word Xcopx. 
xlv. 1. 40. horse-race, r. an establishment of posts. 
lix. 1. 21. H&yi>tf/, r. Ithcovot. 
lxi. 1. 7. Q>ctoog, r. Qocaog. 
lxv. 1. 19. insert ref. viii. 75. 
lxviii. 1. 38. 'Tf*tTrog t r.'Xf4.Yia<rog. 
lxxii. 1. 40. honourably invited, r. enticed over. 
lxxiii. 1. 22. lar^iYivvi, insert a woman of lar^ir\. 
lxxx. 1. 4. .seven, r. fifteen. 
lxxxiv. 1. SO. cavities, indentures, r. the hollows. 
lxxxix. 1. 4. Kv^kov, r. Kv£/xoj. 1. 40. insert ref. iv. 49. 
1. 44. Kviioaoc^yis, v. KMoaetgyng. 
c. 1. 44. " The Rhamnus Lotus, Linn, is the "harog 
of KvgwYiy a kind of small tree: the 
^Egyptian harog is an aquatic plant of 
the lily species." 
civ. 1. 6. Mx^evig, r. M«^f>j. 
cvi. 1. 44. MquYig, T. Mw. 
CX. 1. 26. 3>*X>jfoi/, r. QetT^eog. 



Page cxiii. 1. 18. Igctxf&ot, r. 1^a,y J y.a.t. 
cxvii. 1. 47. southern, r. northern. 
cxxix. 1. 3. AA<pfi/?, r. Ah(pe«>g. 1. 41. circumnavigates t 
r. attempts to circumnavigate. 1. 43. cir- 
cumnavigates IvltKYi, r. s«i& ifowK £Ae Ii/- 
Bo?, a/ze? coasts along the JLqvQqyi Qockocoovi. 
cxxxiv. 1. 12. SotSof^wy, r. 2ot€«x<a 3 '. 
cxxxv. 1. 6. an embankment, r. a rwofe or pier. 
cxxxviii. 1. 33. ref. viii. 137. r. ii. 2. 
cxli. i. 21. 2t««(H, r. 2:r«£. 
cxliv. 1. 35. IraTun, r. /ta/^. 



In the compilation of the present Index it was found ne- 
cessary, not only to correct the references of Schweighaeuser, 
(in which alone more than sixty errors occur), but also fre- 
quently to alter the description of facts, where they appeared 
obscurely or wrongly stated in his Index. Some of the errors 
aboye noticed are still to be referred to Schweighaeuser; — 
whilst for others, as also for those few which may yet be 
found in the text of the Index, the Translator must hold him- 
self alone responsible. These, it is hoped, may be found par- 
donable in an Index of such extent and copiousness, where 
mistakes can so easily occur and where the difficulty of revi- 
sion is so great. 

H. H. D. 



THE END. 



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